linux-kernel - Re: [RFC 03/16] kgr: initial code

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Date:	Wed, 21 May 2014 23:58:57 +0530
From:	Aravinda Prasad <aravinda@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Jiri Slaby <jslaby@...e.cz>
CC:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, jirislaby@...il.com,
	Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@...e.cz>, Michael Matz <matz@...e.de>,
	Jiri Kosina <jkosina@...e.cz>,
	Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
	Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC 03/16] kgr: initial code



On Tuesday 20 May 2014 05:06 PM, Jiri Slaby wrote:
> On 05/14/2014 11:28 AM, Aravinda Prasad wrote:
>>> +/*
>>> + * The stub needs to modify the RIP value stored in struct pt_regs
>>> + * so that ftrace redirects the execution properly.
>>> + */
>>> +#define KGR_STUB_ARCH_SLOW(_name, _new_function)			\
>>> +static void _new_function ##_stub_slow (unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip,	\
>>> +		struct ftrace_ops *ops, struct pt_regs *regs)		\
>>> +{									\
>>> +	struct kgr_loc_caches *c = ops->private;			\
>>> +									\
>>> +	if (task_thread_info(current)->kgr_in_progress && current->mm) {\
>>
>> Is there a race here? The per task kgr_in_progress is set after
>> the slow stub is registered in register_ftrace_function(). If the
>> patched function is called in between it will be redirected to new code.
> 
> Hi Aravinda!
> 
> Yes, you are right. I have just fixed by first setting the flag, then
> start patching.
> 
>>> +		pr_info("kgr: slow stub: calling old code at %lx\n",	\
>>> +				c->old);				\
>>> +		regs->ip = c->old + MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE;			\
>>> +	} else {							\
>>> +		pr_info("kgr: slow stub: calling new code at %lx\n",	\
>>> +				c->new);				\
>>> +		regs->ip = c->new;					\
>>> +	}								\
>>
>> [...]
>>
>>> +static void kgr_mark_processes(void)
>>> +{
>>> +	struct task_struct *p;
>>> +
>>> +	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
>>> +	for_each_process(p)
>>> +		task_thread_info(p)->kgr_in_progress = true;
>>
>> Is there a need for memory barrier here (or in slow stub) to avoid
>> the race if the slow stub is about to be called from a thread executing
>> on another CPU?
> 
> Yes, it should. But since we convert it to bit-ops in 16/16, this is no
> issue in the final implementation. I will fix the "initial code" though.

Yes. I see that in 16/16. Thanks.

> 
>>> + * kgr_start_patching -- the entry for a kgraft patch
>>> + * @patch: patch to be applied
>>> + *
>>> + * Start patching of code that is neither running in IRQ context nor
>>> + * kernel thread.
>>> + */
>>> +int kgr_start_patching(const struct kgr_patch *patch)
>>> +{
>>> +	const struct kgr_patch_fun *const *patch_fun;
>>> +
>>> +	if (!kgr_initialized) {
>>> +		pr_err("kgr: can't patch, not initialized\n");
>>> +		return -EINVAL;
>>> +	}
>>> +
>>> +	mutex_lock(&kgr_in_progress_lock);
>>> +	if (kgr_in_progress) {
>>> +		pr_err("kgr: can't patch, another patching not yet finalized\n");
>>> +		mutex_unlock(&kgr_in_progress_lock);
>>> +		return -EAGAIN;
>>> +	}
>>> +
>>> +	for (patch_fun = patch->patches; *patch_fun; patch_fun++) {
>>> +		int ret;
>>> +
>>> +		ret = kgr_patch_code(*patch_fun, false);
>>> +		/*
>>> +		 * In case any of the symbol resolutions in the set
>>> +		 * has failed, patch all the previously replaced fentry
>>> +		 * callsites back to nops and fail with grace
>>> +		 */
>>> +		if (ret < 0) {
>>> +			for (; patch_fun >= patch->patches; patch_fun--)
>>> +				unregister_ftrace_function((*patch_fun)->ftrace_ops_slow);
>>> +			mutex_unlock(&kgr_in_progress_lock);
>>> +			return ret;
>>> +		}
>>> +	}
>>> +	kgr_in_progress = true;
>>> +	kgr_patch = patch;
>>> +	mutex_unlock(&kgr_in_progress_lock);
>>> +
>>> +	kgr_mark_processes();
>>> +
>>> +	/*
>>> +	 * give everyone time to exit kernel, and check after a while
>>> +	 */
>>
>> I understand that the main intention of kgraft is to apply simple
>> security fixes. However, if the patch changes the locking order,
>> I think, there is a possibility of deadlock.
>>
>> A thread which has not yet returned to user space calls the old
>> code (not redirected to new code in slow stub) which might acquire
>> the lock in the old order say lock1 followed by lock2. Meanwhile
>> another thread which re-enters the kernel space, with kgr_in_progress
>> unset, is redirected to the new code which acquires the lock in reverse
>> order, say lock2 and lock1. This can cause deadlock.
> 
> Yes, this is a problem I was thinking of in another context yesterday.
> Patching ->read or any other file_openrations which hold state over
> user<->kernel switches may be a potential threat like above. The same as
> in other implementations of live patching IMO. I put that on a TODO

I agree. Meanwhile let me think on how to overcome this.

Regards,
Aravinda


> checklist for creating patches. This has to be investigated manually
> when creating a patch.
> 
> thanks for review,
> 

-- 
Regards,
Aravinda

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