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Message-ID: <20140529171608.GB23991@suse.de>
Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 18:16:08 +0100
From: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>
To: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>, Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>,
Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>,
Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>,
Linux Kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
Linux-FSDevel <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm: page_alloc: Reset fair zone allocation policy only
when batch counts are expired
On Thu, May 29, 2014 at 10:38:32AM -0400, Johannes Weiner wrote:
> Hi Mel!
>
> On Thu, May 29, 2014 at 10:04:32AM +0100, Mel Gorman wrote:
> > The fair zone allocation policy round-robins allocations between zones on
> > a node to avoid age inversion problems during reclaim using a counter to
> > manage the round-robin. If the first allocation fails, the batch counts get
> > reset and the allocation is attempted again before going into the slow path.
> > There are at least two problems with this
> >
> > 1. If the eligible zones are below the low watermark we reset the counts
> > even though the batches might be fine.
>
> The idea behind setting the batches to high-low was that they should
> be roughly exhausted by the time the low watermark is hit. And that
> misconception must be the crux of this patch, because if they *were*
> to exhaust together this patch wouldn't make a difference.
>
> But once they diverge, we reset the batches prematurely, which means
> not everybody is getting their fair share, and that reverts us back to
> an imbalance in zone utilization.
>
> So I think the changelog should include why this assumption was wrong.
>
They won't exhaust together when there are multiple allocation requests
simply on the basis that there is no lock there and there is per-cpu
accounting drift for vmstats. You'd at least expect them to drift by the
per-cpu update threshold.
> > 2. We potentially do batch resets even when the right choice is to fallback
> > to other nodes.
>
> We only fall back to other nodes when the fairness cycle is over and
> all local zones have been considered fair and square. Why *not* reset
> the batches and start a new fairness cycle at this point? Remember
> that remote nodes are not - can not - be part of the fairness cycle.
>
> So I think this one is a red herring.
>
Ok. There have been a lot of red herrings chasing down this one
unfortunately as it was not possible to bisect and there were a lot of
candidates :/
> > When resetting batch counts, it was expected that the count would be <=
> > 0 but the bizarre side-effect is that we are resetting counters that were
> > initially postive so (high - low - batch) potentially sets a high positive
> > batch count to close to 0. This leads to a premature reset in the near
> > future, more overhead and more ... screwing around.
>
> We're just adding the missing delta between the "should" and "is"
> value to the existing batch, so a high batch value means small delta,
> and we *add* a value close to 0, we don't *set* the batch close to 0.
>
> I think this one is a red herring as well.
>
There are still boundary issues that results in screwing around and
maybe I should have focused on this one instead. The situation I had in
mind started out as follows
high zone alloc batch 1000 low watermark not ok
low zone alloc batch 0 low watermark ok
during the fairness cycle, no action can take place. The higher zone is not
allowed to allcoate at below the low watermark and must always enter the
slow path. The lower zone also temporarily cannot be used. At this point, a
reset takes place and the system continues until the low watermark is reached
high zone alloc batch 1000 low watermark not ok
low zone allooc batch 100 low watermark not ok
During this window, every ALLOC_FAIR is going to fail to due watermarks but
still do another zone batch reset and recycle every time before falling
into the slow path. It ends up being more zonelist traversals which is
why I moved the reset check inside get_page_from_freelist to detect the
difference between ALLOC_FAIL failures and watermarks failures.
The differences in timing when watermarks are hit may also account for
some of the drift for when the alloc batches get depleted.
> > The user-visible effect depends on zone sizes and a host of other effects
> > the obvious one is that single-node machines with multiple zones will see
> > degraded performance for streaming readers at least. The effect is also
> > visible on NUMA machines but it may be harder to identify in the midst of
> > other noise.
> >
> > Comparison is tiobench with data size 2*RAM on ext3 on a small single-node
> > machine and on an ext3 filesystem. Baseline kernel is mmotm with the
> > shrinker and proportional reclaim patches on top.
> >
> > 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5
> > mmotm-20140528 fairzone-v1r1
> > Mean SeqRead-MB/sec-1 120.95 ( 0.00%) 133.59 ( 10.45%)
> > Mean SeqRead-MB/sec-2 100.81 ( 0.00%) 113.61 ( 12.70%)
> > Mean SeqRead-MB/sec-4 93.75 ( 0.00%) 104.75 ( 11.74%)
> > Mean SeqRead-MB/sec-8 85.35 ( 0.00%) 91.21 ( 6.86%)
> > Mean SeqRead-MB/sec-16 68.91 ( 0.00%) 74.77 ( 8.49%)
> > Mean RandRead-MB/sec-1 1.08 ( 0.00%) 1.07 ( -0.93%)
> > Mean RandRead-MB/sec-2 1.28 ( 0.00%) 1.25 ( -2.34%)
> > Mean RandRead-MB/sec-4 1.54 ( 0.00%) 1.51 ( -1.73%)
> > Mean RandRead-MB/sec-8 1.67 ( 0.00%) 1.70 ( 2.20%)
> > Mean RandRead-MB/sec-16 1.74 ( 0.00%) 1.73 ( -0.19%)
> > Mean SeqWrite-MB/sec-1 113.73 ( 0.00%) 113.88 ( 0.13%)
> > Mean SeqWrite-MB/sec-2 103.76 ( 0.00%) 104.13 ( 0.36%)
> > Mean SeqWrite-MB/sec-4 98.45 ( 0.00%) 98.44 ( -0.01%)
> > Mean SeqWrite-MB/sec-8 93.11 ( 0.00%) 92.79 ( -0.34%)
> > Mean SeqWrite-MB/sec-16 87.64 ( 0.00%) 87.85 ( 0.24%)
> > Mean RandWrite-MB/sec-1 1.38 ( 0.00%) 1.36 ( -1.21%)
> > Mean RandWrite-MB/sec-2 1.35 ( 0.00%) 1.35 ( 0.25%)
> > Mean RandWrite-MB/sec-4 1.33 ( 0.00%) 1.35 ( 1.00%)
> > Mean RandWrite-MB/sec-8 1.31 ( 0.00%) 1.29 ( -1.53%)
> > Mean RandWrite-MB/sec-16 1.27 ( 0.00%) 1.28 ( 0.79%)
> >
> > Streaming readers see a huge boost. Random random readers, sequential
> > writers and random writers are all in the noise.
>
> Impressive, but I would really like to understand what's going on
> there.
>
> Did you record the per-zone allocation numbers by any chance as well,
> so we can see the difference in zone utilization?
No, I didn't record per-zone usage because at the time when the low
watermarks are being hit, it would have been less useful anyway.
> > Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>
> > ---
> > mm/page_alloc.c | 89 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------------------------
> > 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
> > index 2c7d394..70d4264 100644
> > --- a/mm/page_alloc.c
> > +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
> > @@ -1919,6 +1919,28 @@ static bool zone_allows_reclaim(struct zone *local_zone, struct zone *zone)
> >
> > #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
> >
> > +static void reset_alloc_batches(struct zonelist *zonelist,
> > + enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
> > + struct zone *preferred_zone)
> > +{
> > + struct zoneref *z;
> > + struct zone *zone;
> > +
> > + for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx) {
> > + /*
> > + * Only reset the batches of zones that were actually
> > + * considered in the fairness pass, we don't want to
> > + * trash fairness information for zones that are not
> > + * actually part of this zonelist's round-robin cycle.
> > + */
> > + if (!zone_local(preferred_zone, zone))
> > + continue;
> > + mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ALLOC_BATCH,
> > + high_wmark_pages(zone) - low_wmark_pages(zone) -
> > + atomic_long_read(&zone->vm_stat[NR_ALLOC_BATCH]));
> > + }
> > +}
> > +
> > /*
> > * get_page_from_freelist goes through the zonelist trying to allocate
> > * a page.
> > @@ -1936,6 +1958,7 @@ get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *nodemask, unsigned int order,
> > int did_zlc_setup = 0; /* just call zlc_setup() one time */
> > bool consider_zone_dirty = (alloc_flags & ALLOC_WMARK_LOW) &&
> > (gfp_mask & __GFP_WRITE);
> > + bool batch_depleted = (alloc_flags & ALLOC_FAIR);
> >
> > zonelist_scan:
> > /*
> > @@ -1960,11 +1982,13 @@ zonelist_scan:
> > * time the page has in memory before being reclaimed.
> > */
> > if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_FAIR) {
> > - if (!zone_local(preferred_zone, zone))
> > - continue;
> > if (zone_page_state(zone, NR_ALLOC_BATCH) <= 0)
> > continue;
> > + batch_depleted = false;
> > + if (!zone_local(preferred_zone, zone))
> > + continue;
>
> This only resets the local batches once the first non-local zone's
> batch is exhausted as well. Which means that once we start spilling,
> the fairness pass will never consider local zones again until the
> first spill-over target is exhausted too.
Yes, you're right. The intent was that the reset would only task place
after all local zones had used their allocation batch but it got mucked
up along the way.
--
Mel Gorman
SUSE Labs
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