Date:	Mon, 16 Jun 2014 18:32:53 +0200
From:	Petr Mládek <pmladek@...e.cz>
To:	"Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@...not-panic.com>
Cc:	hpa@...ux.intel.com, akpm@...ux-foundation.org,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	"Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@...e.com>,
	Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.cz>, Joe Perches <joe@...ches.com>,
	Arun KS <arunks.linux@...il.com>,
	Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
	Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@...com>,
	Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@...era.com>
Subject: Re: [RFT v4] printk: allow increasing the ring buffer depending on
 the number of CPUs

On Sat 2014-06-14 11:52:45, Luis R. Rodriguez wrote:
> From: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@...e.com>
> 
> The default size of the ring buffer is too small for machines
> with a large amount of CPUs under heavy load. What ends up
> happening when debugging is the ring buffer overlaps and chews
> up old messages making debugging impossible unless the size is
> passed as a kernel parameter. An idle system upon boot up will
> on average spew out only about one or two extra lines but where
> this really matters is on heavy load and that will vary widely
> depending on the system and environment.
> 
> There are mechanisms to help increase the kernel ring buffer
> for tracing through debugfs, and those interfaces even allow growing
> the kernel ring buffer per CPU. We also have a static value which
> can be passed upon boot. Relying on debugfs however is not ideal
> for production, and relying on the value passed upon bootup is
> can only used *after* an issue has creeped up. Instead of being
> reactive this adds a proactive measure which lets you scale the
> amount of contributions you'd expect to the kernel ring buffer
> under load by each CPU in the worst case scenario.
> 
> We use num_possible_cpus() to avoid complexities which could be
> introduced by dynamically changing the ring buffer size at run
> time, num_possible_cpus() lets us use the upper limit on possible
> number of CPUs therefore avoiding having to deal with hotplugging
> CPUs on and off. This introduces the kernel configuration option
> LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT which is used to specify the maximum amount
> of contributions to the kernel ring buffer in the worst case before
> the kernel ring buffer flips over, the size is specified as a power
> of 2. The total amount of contributions made by each CPU must be
> greater than half of the default kernel ring buffer size
> (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger an increase upon
> bootup. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT is 18 (256 KB) you'd require at
> least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs in order to trigger an
> increase. With a LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require at
> least anything over > 64 possible CPUs to trigger an increase. If
> you had 128 possible CPUs your kernel buffer size would be:
> 
>    ((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB
> 
> This value is ignored when "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is used
> as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an expected value.
> 
> In order to use num_possible_cpus() we need to make this a late call
> on the init process but that also means we cannot share __init code,
> the late_setup_log_buf() provided is therefore very similar to the
> setup_log_buf() but just modified slightly, in particular since we're
> at late boot we can now also use kzalloc().
> 
> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.cz>
> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@...e.cz>
> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@...ches.com>
> Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@...il.com>
> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@...com>
> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@...era.com>
> Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@...e.com>
> ---
> 
> This doesn't kfree() at halt but do we need to do it ?
> 
>  Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt |  8 ++++--
>  include/linux/printk.h              |  5 ++++
>  init/Kconfig                        | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  init/main.c                         |  1 +
>  kernel/printk/printk.c              | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  5 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
> index 6eaa9cd..229d031 100644
> --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
> @@ -1685,8 +1685,12 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
>  			7 (KERN_DEBUG)		debug-level messages
>  
>  	log_buf_len=n[KMG]	Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
> -			in bytes.  n must be a power of two.  The default
> -			size is set in the kernel config file.
> +			in bytes.  n must be a power of two and greater
> +			than the minimal size. The minimal size is defined
> +			by LOG_BUF_SHIFT kernel config parameter. There is
> +			also CONFIG_LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT config parameter
> +			that allows to increase the default size depending on
> +			the number of CPUs. See init/Kconfig for more details.
>  
>  	logo.nologo	[FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
>  			This may be used to provide more screen space for
> diff --git a/include/linux/printk.h b/include/linux/printk.h
> index 319ff7e..315a0b7 100644
> --- a/include/linux/printk.h
> +++ b/include/linux/printk.h
> @@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ extern void wake_up_klogd(void);
>  
>  void log_buf_kexec_setup(void);
>  void __init setup_log_buf(int early);
> +void late_setup_log_buf(void);
>  void dump_stack_set_arch_desc(const char *fmt, ...);
>  void dump_stack_print_info(const char *log_lvl);
>  void show_regs_print_info(const char *log_lvl);
> @@ -202,6 +203,10 @@ static inline void setup_log_buf(int early)
>  {
>  }
>  
> +static inline void late_setup_log_buf(void)
> +{
> +}
> +
>  static inline void dump_stack_set_arch_desc(const char *fmt, ...)
>  {
>  }
> diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
> index 9d76b99..f0607d0 100644
> --- a/init/Kconfig
> +++ b/init/Kconfig
> @@ -807,7 +807,11 @@ config LOG_BUF_SHIFT
>  	range 12 21
>  	default 17
>  	help
> -	  Select kernel log buffer size as a power of 2.
> +	  Select the minimal kernel log buffer size as a power of 2.
> +	  The final size is affected by LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT config
> +	  parameter, see below. Any higher size also might be forced
> +	  by "log_buf_len" boot parameter.
> +
>  	  Examples:
>  	  	     17 => 128 KB
>  		     16 => 64 KB
> @@ -816,6 +820,45 @@ config LOG_BUF_SHIFT
>  		     13 =>  8 KB
>  		     12 =>  4 KB
>  
> +config LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT
> +	int "CPU kernel log buffer size contribution (13 => 8 KB, 17 => 128KB)"
> +	range 0 21
> +	default 12
> +	depends on SMP
> +	depends on !BASE_SMALL
> +	help
> +	  The kernel ring buffer will get additional data logged onto it
> +	  when multiple CPUs are supported. Typically the contributions are
> +	  only a few lines when idle however under under load this can vary
> +	  and in the worst case it can mean losing logging information. You
> +	  can use this to set the maximum expected mount of amount of logging
> +	  contribution under load by each CPU in the worst case scenario, as
> +	  a power of 2. The total amount of contributions made by each CPU
> +	  must be greater than half of the default kernel ring buffer size
> +	  (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger an increase upon
> +	  bootup. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT is 18 (256 KB) you're require
> +	  at least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs in order to trigger
> +	  an increase. With a LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require
> +	  at least anything over > 64 possible CPUs to trigger an increase.
> +	  If you had 128 possible CPUs your kernel buffer size would be:
> +
> +	     ((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB
> +
> +	  This value is ignored when "log_buf_len" kernel parameter is used
> +	  as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an expected value.
> +
> +	  The number of possible CPUs is used for this computation ignoring
> +	  hotplugging making the compuation optimal for the the worst case
> +	  scenerio while allowing a simple algorithm to be used from bootup.
> +
> +	  Examples shift values and their meaning:
> +		     17 => 128 KB for each CPU
> +		     16 =>  64 KB for each CPU
> +		     15 =>  32 KB for each CPU
> +		     14 =>  16 KB for each CPU
> +		     13 =>   8 KB for each CPU
> +		     12 =>   4 KB for each CPU
> +
>  #
>  # Architectures with an unreliable sched_clock() should select this:
>  #
> diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
> index e8ae1fe..8b472c6 100644
> --- a/init/main.c
> +++ b/init/main.c
> @@ -940,6 +940,7 @@ static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
>  	numa_default_policy();
>  
>  	flush_delayed_fput();
> +	late_setup_log_buf();
>  
>  	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
>  		ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
> diff --git a/kernel/printk/printk.c b/kernel/printk/printk.c
> index ea2d5f6..9cf919f 100644
> --- a/kernel/printk/printk.c
> +++ b/kernel/printk/printk.c
> @@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ static u32 clear_idx;
>  #define LOG_ALIGN __alignof__(struct printk_log)
>  #endif
>  #define __LOG_BUF_LEN (1 << CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT)
> +#define __LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_LEN (1 << CONFIG_LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT)
>  static char __log_buf[__LOG_BUF_LEN] __aligned(LOG_ALIGN);
>  static char *log_buf = __log_buf;
>  static u32 log_buf_len = __LOG_BUF_LEN;
> @@ -842,6 +843,12 @@ static int __init log_buf_len_setup(char *str)
>  }
>  early_param("log_buf_len", log_buf_len_setup);
>  
> +/*
> + * The log buffer is by default set using static memory unless
> + * you either set the log_buf_len=n kernel parameter or use a
> + * LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT that triggers a required increase
> + * via late_setup_log_buf().
> + */
>  void __init setup_log_buf(int early)
>  {
>  	unsigned long flags;
> @@ -877,6 +884,50 @@ void __init setup_log_buf(int early)
>  		free, (free * 100) / __LOG_BUF_LEN);
>  }
>  
> +/*
> + * If you set log_buf_len=n kernel parameter LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT will
> + * be ignored. LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT is a proactive measure for large
> + * systems. With a LOG_BUF_SHIFT of 18 and LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_SHIFT 12 at
> + * we'd require more than 64 CPUs to trigger an increase from the
> + * default. Since we need num_possible_cpus() we do this allocation
> + * later in the boot process.
> + */
> +void late_setup_log_buf(void)
> +{
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +	char *new_log_buf;
> +	int free;
> +	int cpu_extra = (num_possible_cpus() - 1) *  __LOG_CPU_MIN_BUF_LEN;
> +	size_t new_log_size;
> +
> +	/* The log_buf_len=n kernel parameter was passed */
> +	if (log_buf_len > __LOG_BUF_LEN)
> +		return;
> +
> +	/* Extra CPU contribution penalty not incurred */
> +	if (cpu_extra < __LOG_BUF_LEN / 2)
> +		return;
> +
> +	new_log_size = __LOG_BUF_LEN + cpu_extra;
> +	new_log_buf = kzalloc(new_log_size, GFP_KERNEL);
> +
> +	if (unlikely(!new_log_buf)) {
> +		pr_err("log_buf_len: %ld bytes not available\n", new_log_size);
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
> +	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&logbuf_lock, flags);
> +	log_buf_len = new_log_size;
> +	log_buf = new_log_buf;
> +	free = __LOG_BUF_LEN - log_next_idx;

I wonder if the ring buffer could be already rotated at this late boot
stage. This "free" space computation is valid only when
"log_first_idx" is still zero. As simple solution would be to use:

	int free = 0;

	if (log_first_idx == 0)
		free = __LOG_BUF_LEN - log_next_idx;

> +	memcpy(log_buf, __log_buf, __LOG_BUF_LEN);
> +	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&logbuf_lock, flags);
> +
> +	pr_info("big CPU log_buf_len: %d\n", log_buf_len);
> +	pr_info("big CPU early log buf free: %d(%d%%)\n",
> +		free, (free * 100) / __LOG_BUF_LEN);
> +}
> +
>  static bool __read_mostly ignore_loglevel;
>  
>  static int __init ignore_loglevel_setup(char *str)

Otherwise, it looks fine to me. I wanted to do some testing but I have
got stucked by some other problems. I hope that I'll find some time
tomorrow.

Best Regards,
Petr
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