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Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2014 11:57:30 -0400
From: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@...cle.com>
To: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>
Cc: Waiman.Long@...com, tglx@...utronix.de, mingo@...nel.org,
linux-arch@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
virtualization@...ts.linux-foundation.org,
xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org, kvm@...r.kernel.org,
paolo.bonzini@...il.com, boris.ostrovsky@...cle.com,
paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com, riel@...hat.com,
torvalds@...ux-foundation.org, raghavendra.kt@...ux.vnet.ibm.com,
david.vrabel@...rix.com, oleg@...hat.com, gleb@...hat.com,
scott.norton@...com, chegu_vinod@...com,
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 05/11] qspinlock: Optimize for smaller NR_CPUS
On Sun, Jun 15, 2014 at 02:47:02PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
>
> When we allow for a max NR_CPUS < 2^14 we can optimize the pending
> wait-acquire and the xchg_tail() operations.
>
> By growing the pending bit to a byte, we reduce the tail to 16bit.
> This means we can use xchg16 for the tail part and do away with all
> the repeated compxchg() operations.
>
> This in turn allows us to unconditionally acquire; the locked state
> as observed by the wait loops cannot change. And because both locked
> and pending are now a full byte we can use simple stores for the
> state transition, obviating one atomic operation entirely.
I have to ask - how much more performance do you get from this?
Is this extra atomic operation hurting that much?
>
> All this is horribly broken on Alpha pre EV56 (and any other arch that
> cannot do single-copy atomic byte stores).
>
> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
> ---
> include/asm-generic/qspinlock_types.h | 13 ++++
> kernel/locking/qspinlock.c | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
> 2 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
>
> --- a/include/asm-generic/qspinlock_types.h
> +++ b/include/asm-generic/qspinlock_types.h
> @@ -38,6 +38,14 @@ typedef struct qspinlock {
> /*
> * Bitfields in the atomic value:
> *
> + * When NR_CPUS < 16K
> + * 0- 7: locked byte
> + * 8: pending
> + * 9-15: not used
> + * 16-17: tail index
> + * 18-31: tail cpu (+1)
> + *
> + * When NR_CPUS >= 16K
> * 0- 7: locked byte
> * 8: pending
> * 9-10: tail index
> @@ -50,7 +58,11 @@ typedef struct qspinlock {
> #define _Q_LOCKED_MASK _Q_SET_MASK(LOCKED)
>
> #define _Q_PENDING_OFFSET (_Q_LOCKED_OFFSET + _Q_LOCKED_BITS)
> +#if CONFIG_NR_CPUS < (1U << 14)
> +#define _Q_PENDING_BITS 8
> +#else
> #define _Q_PENDING_BITS 1
> +#endif
> #define _Q_PENDING_MASK _Q_SET_MASK(PENDING)
>
> #define _Q_TAIL_IDX_OFFSET (_Q_PENDING_OFFSET + _Q_PENDING_BITS)
> @@ -61,6 +73,7 @@ typedef struct qspinlock {
> #define _Q_TAIL_CPU_BITS (32 - _Q_TAIL_CPU_OFFSET)
> #define _Q_TAIL_CPU_MASK _Q_SET_MASK(TAIL_CPU)
>
> +#define _Q_TAIL_OFFSET _Q_TAIL_IDX_OFFSET
> #define _Q_TAIL_MASK (_Q_TAIL_IDX_MASK | _Q_TAIL_CPU_MASK)
>
> #define _Q_LOCKED_VAL (1U << _Q_LOCKED_OFFSET)
> --- a/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
> +++ b/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
> #include <linux/percpu.h>
> #include <linux/hardirq.h>
> #include <linux/mutex.h>
> +#include <asm/byteorder.h>
> #include <asm/qspinlock.h>
>
> /*
> @@ -48,6 +49,9 @@
> * We can further change the first spinner to spin on a bit in the lock word
> * instead of its node; whereby avoiding the need to carry a node from lock to
> * unlock, and preserving API.
> + *
> + * N.B. The current implementation only supports architectures that allow
> + * atomic operations on smaller 8-bit and 16-bit data types.
> */
>
> #include "mcs_spinlock.h"
> @@ -85,6 +89,87 @@ static inline struct mcs_spinlock *decod
>
> #define _Q_LOCKED_PENDING_MASK (_Q_LOCKED_MASK | _Q_PENDING_MASK)
>
> +/*
> + * By using the whole 2nd least significant byte for the pending bit, we
> + * can allow better optimization of the lock acquisition for the pending
> + * bit holder.
> + */
> +#if _Q_PENDING_BITS == 8
> +
> +struct __qspinlock {
> + union {
> + atomic_t val;
> + struct {
> +#ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
> + u16 locked_pending;
> + u16 tail;
> +#else
> + u16 tail;
> + u16 locked_pending;
> +#endif
> + };
> + };
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * clear_pending_set_locked - take ownership and clear the pending bit.
> + * @lock: Pointer to queue spinlock structure
> + * @val : Current value of the queue spinlock 32-bit word
> + *
> + * *,1,0 -> *,0,1
> + *
> + * Lock stealing is not allowed if this function is used.
> + */
> +static __always_inline void
> +clear_pending_set_locked(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 val)
> +{
> + struct __qspinlock *l = (void *)lock;
> +
> + ACCESS_ONCE(l->locked_pending) = _Q_LOCKED_VAL;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * xchg_tail - Put in the new queue tail code word & retrieve previous one
Missing full stop.
> + * @lock : Pointer to queue spinlock structure
> + * @tail : The new queue tail code word
> + * Return: The previous queue tail code word
> + *
> + * xchg(lock, tail)
> + *
> + * p,*,* -> n,*,* ; prev = xchg(lock, node)
> + */
> +static __always_inline u32 xchg_tail(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 tail)
> +{
> + struct __qspinlock *l = (void *)lock;
> +
> + return (u32)xchg(&l->tail, tail >> _Q_TAIL_OFFSET) << _Q_TAIL_OFFSET;
> +}
> +
> +#else /* _Q_PENDING_BITS == 8 */
> +
> +/**
> + * clear_pending_set_locked - take ownership and clear the pending bit.
> + * @lock: Pointer to queue spinlock structure
> + * @val : Current value of the queue spinlock 32-bit word
> + *
> + * *,1,0 -> *,0,1
> + */
> +static __always_inline void
> +clear_pending_set_locked(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 val)
> +{
> + u32 new, old;
> +
> + for (;;) {
> + new = (val & ~_Q_PENDING_MASK) | _Q_LOCKED_VAL;
> +
> + old = atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->val, val, new);
> + if (old == val)
> + break;
> +
> + val = old;
> + }
> +}
> +
> /**
> * xchg_tail - Put in the new queue tail code word & retrieve previous one
> * @lock : Pointer to queue spinlock structure
> @@ -109,6 +194,7 @@ static __always_inline u32 xchg_tail(str
> }
> return old;
> }
> +#endif /* _Q_PENDING_BITS == 8 */
>
> /**
> * queue_spin_lock_slowpath - acquire the queue spinlock
> @@ -173,8 +259,13 @@ void queue_spin_lock_slowpath(struct qsp
> * we're pending, wait for the owner to go away.
> *
> * *,1,1 -> *,1,0
> + *
> + * this wait loop must be a load-acquire such that we match the
> + * store-release that clears the locked bit and create lock
> + * sequentiality; this because not all clear_pending_set_locked()
> + * implementations imply full barriers.
> */
> - while ((val = atomic_read(&lock->val)) & _Q_LOCKED_MASK)
> + while ((val = smp_load_acquire(&lock->val.counter)) & _Q_LOCKED_MASK)
lock->val.counter? Ugh, all to deal with the 'int' -> 'u32' (or 'u64')
Could you introduce a macro in atomic.h called 'atomic_read_raw' which
would do the this? Like this:
diff --git a/include/linux/atomic.h b/include/linux/atomic.h
index fef3a80..5a83750 100644
--- a/include/linux/atomic.h
+++ b/include/linux/atomic.h
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ static inline void atomic_or(int i, atomic_t *v)
}
#endif /* #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_ATOMIC_OR */
+#define atomic_read_raw(v) (v.counter)
+
#include <asm-generic/atomic-long.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_ATOMIC64
#include <asm-generic/atomic64.h>
diff --git a/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c b/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
index fc7fd8c..2833fe1 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ void queue_spin_lock_slowpath(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 val)
* sequentiality; this because not all clear_pending_set_locked()
* implementations imply full barriers.
*/
- while ((val = smp_load_acquire(&lock->val.counter)) & _Q_LOCKED_MASK)
+ while ((val = smp_load_acquire(atomic_read_raw(&lock->val))) & _Q_LOCKED_MASK)
arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
/*
?
> cpu_relax();
>
> /*
> @@ -182,15 +273,7 @@ void queue_spin_lock_slowpath(struct qsp
> *
> * *,1,0 -> *,0,1
> */
> - for (;;) {
> - new = (val & ~_Q_PENDING_MASK) | _Q_LOCKED_VAL;
> -
> - old = atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->val, val, new);
> - if (old == val)
> - break;
> -
> - val = old;
> - }
> + clear_pending_set_locked(lock, val);
> return;
>
> /*
>
>
--
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