linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 1/3] PCI/MSI: Add pci_enable_msi

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Date:	Mon, 7 Jul 2014 13:26:43 -0600
From:	Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@...gle.com>
To:	Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@...hat.com>
Cc:	David Laight <David.Laight@...lab.com>,
	"linux-mips@...ux-mips.org" <linux-mips@...ux-mips.org>,
	"linux-s390@...r.kernel.org" <linux-s390@...r.kernel.org>,
	"linux-pci@...r.kernel.org" <linux-pci@...r.kernel.org>,
	"x86@...nel.org" <x86@...nel.org>,
	"linux-doc@...r.kernel.org" <linux-doc@...r.kernel.org>,
	"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	"linux-ide@...r.kernel.org" <linux-ide@...r.kernel.org>,
	"iommu@...ts.linux-foundation.org" <iommu@...ts.linux-foundation.org>,
	"xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org" <xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org>,
	"linuxppc-dev@...ts.ozlabs.org" <linuxppc-dev@...ts.ozlabs.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/3] PCI/MSI: Add pci_enable_msi_partial()

On Fri, Jul 4, 2014 at 2:58 AM, Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@...hat.com> wrote:
> On Thu, Jul 03, 2014 at 09:20:52AM +0000, David Laight wrote:
>> From: Bjorn Helgaas
>> > On Tue, Jun 10, 2014 at 03:10:30PM +0200, Alexander Gordeev wrote:
>> > > There are PCI devices that require a particular value written
>> > > to the Multiple Message Enable (MME) register while aligned on
>> > > power of 2 boundary value of actually used MSI vectors 'nvec'
>> > > is a lesser of that MME value:
>> > >
>> > >   roundup_pow_of_two(nvec) < 'Multiple Message Enable'
>> > >
>> > > However the existing pci_enable_msi_block() interface is not
>> > > able to configure such devices, since the value written to the
>> > > MME register is calculated from the number of requested MSIs
>> > > 'nvec':
>> > >
>> > >   'Multiple Message Enable' = roundup_pow_of_two(nvec)
>> >
>> > For MSI, software learns how many vectors a device requests by reading
>> > the Multiple Message Capable (MMC) field.  This field is encoded, so a
>> > device can only request 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., vectors.  It's impossible
>> > for a device to request 3 vectors; it would have to round up that up
>> > to a power of two and request 4 vectors.
>> >
>> > Software writes similarly encoded values to MME to tell the device how
>> > many vectors have been allocated for its use.  For example, it's
>> > impossible to tell the device that it can use 3 vectors; the OS has to
>> > round that up and tell the device it can use 4 vectors.
>> >
>> > So if I understand correctly, the point of this series is to take
>> > advantage of device-specific knowledge, e.g., the device requests 4
>> > vectors via MMC, but we "know" the device is only capable of using 3.
>> > Moreover, we tell the device via MME that 4 vectors are available, but
>> > we've only actually set up 3 of them.
>> ...
>>
>> Even if you do that, you ought to write valid interrupt information
>> into the 4th slot (maybe replicating one of the earlier interrupts).
>> Then, if the device does raise the 'unexpected' interrupt you don't
>> get a write to a random kernel location.
>
> I might be missing something, but we are talking of MSI address space
> here, aren't we? I am not getting how we could end up with a 'write'
> to a random kernel location when a unclaimed MSI vector sent. We could
> only expect a spurious interrupt at worst, which is handled and reported.

Yes, that's how I understand it.  With MSI, the OS specifies the a
single Message Address, e.g., a LAPIC address, and a single Message
Data value, e.g., a vector number that will be written to the LAPIC.
The device is permitted to modify some low-order bits of the Message
Data to send one of several vector numbers (the MME value tells the
device how many bits it can modify).

Bottom line, I think a spurious interrupt is the failure we'd expect
if a device used more vectors than the OS expects it to.

Bjorn
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