linux-kernel - Re: [RFC PATCH 1/1] rcu: use atomic_read(v) instead of atomic_add

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Message-ID: <20140709195650.GZ4603@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Date:	Wed, 9 Jul 2014 12:56:50 -0700
From:	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@...il.com>
Cc:	Josh Triplett <josh@...htriplett.org>,
	"open list:READ-COPY UPDATE..." <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 1/1] rcu: use atomic_read(v) instead of
 atomic_add_return(0, v)

On Wed, Jul 09, 2014 at 12:00:10AM -0400, Pranith Kumar wrote:
> On Tue, Jul 8, 2014 at 8:07 PM, Paul E. McKenney
> <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote:
> > On Tue, Jul 08, 2014 at 06:55:45PM -0400, Pranith Kumar wrote:
> >> atomic_add_return() invalidates the cache line in other processors where-as
> >> atomic_read does not. I don't see why we would need invalidation in this case.
> >> If indeed it was need a comment would be helpful for readers. Otherwise doesn't
> >> using atomic_read() make more sense here? RFC!
> >>
> >> replace atomic_add_return(0, v) with atomic_read(v) as the latter is better.
> >>
> >> Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@...il.com>
> >
> > This will break RCU -- the full memory barriers implied both before
> > and after atomic_add_return() are needed in order for RCU to be able to
> > avoid death due to memory reordering.
> >
> > That said, I have considered replacing the atomic_add_return() with:
> >
> >         smp_mb();
> >         ... = atomic_read(...);
> >         smp_mb();
> >
> > However, this is a very ticklish change, and would need serious thought
> > and even more serious testing.
> >
> 
> Thank you for looking at the RFC. I tried understanding the code
> deeper and found that the ordering which is needed here is actually on
> dynticks_snap.
> The ordering currently (by way of atomic_add_return) is on
> rdp->dynticks->dynticks which I think is not right.
> 
> Looking at the history of the code led me to rev. 23b5c8fa01b723 which
> makes me think that the above statement is true. I think providing
> ordering guarantees on dynticks_snap should be enough.
> 
> I have added an updated patch below. However, it is really hard(and
> error prone) to convince oneself that this is right. So I will not
> pursue this further if you think this is wrong. You definitely know
> better than me :)

OK, so ->dynticks_snap is accessed by only one task, namely the
corresponding RCU grace-period kthread.  So it can be accessed without
any atomic instructions or memory barriers, since all accesses to it are
single-threaded.  On the other hand, ->dynticks is written by one CPU
and potentially accessed from any CPU.  Therefore, accesses to it must
take concurrency into account.  Especially given that any confusion can
fool RCU into thinking that a CPU is idle when it really is not, which
could result in too-short grace periods, which could in turn result in
random memory corruption.

There are a huge number of ways to get this code wrong and very few ways
to get it right.

I cannot accept this patch.

							Thanx, Paul

> diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> index 1b70cb6..bbccd0a 100644
> --- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> +++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> @@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ static int rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle(void)
>  static int dyntick_save_progress_counter(struct rcu_data *rdp,
>                                          bool *isidle, unsigned long *maxj)
>  {
> -       rdp->dynticks_snap = atomic_add_return(0, &rdp->dynticks->dynticks);
> +       smp_store_release(&rdp->dynticks_snap,
> atomic_read(&rdp->dynticks->dynticks));
>         rcu_sysidle_check_cpu(rdp, isidle, maxj);
>         if ((rdp->dynticks_snap & 0x1) == 0) {
>                 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("dti"));
> @@ -920,8 +920,8 @@ static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp,
>         int *rcrmp;
>         unsigned int snap;
> 
> -       curr = (unsigned int)atomic_add_return(0, &rdp->dynticks->dynticks);
> -       snap = (unsigned int)rdp->dynticks_snap;
> +       curr = (unsigned int)atomic_read(&rdp->dynticks->dynticks);
> +       snap = (unsigned int)smp_load_acquire(&rdp->dynticks_snap);
> 
>         /*
>          * If the CPU passed through or entered a dynticks idle phase with
> 
> 
> -- 
> Pranith
> 

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