Date:	Fri, 11 Jul 2014 15:20:34 +0200
From:	Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>
To:	Christoph Lameter <cl@...two.org>
Cc:	akpm@...ux-foundation.org, Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@...yossef.com>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
	Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>, John Stultz <johnstul@...ibm.com>,
	Mike Frysinger <vapier@...too.org>,
	Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@...il.com>,
	Hakan Akkan <hakanakkan@...il.com>,
	Max Krasnyansky <maxk@...lcomm.com>,
	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org, hughd@...gle.com,
	viresh.kumar@...aro.org, hpa@...or.com, mingo@...nel.org,
	peterz@...radead.org
Subject: Re: vmstat: On demand vmstat workers V8

On Thu, Jul 10, 2014 at 09:04:55AM -0500, Christoph Lameter wrote:
> 
> V7->V8
> - hackbench regression test shows a tiny performance increase due
>   to reduced OS processing.
> - Rediff against 3.16-rc4.
> 
> V6->V7
> - Remove /sysfs support.
> 
> V5->V6:
> - Shepherd thread as a general worker thread. This means
>   that the general mechanism to control worker thread
>   cpu use by Frederic Weisbecker is necessary to
>   restrict the shepherd thread to the cpus not used
>   for low latency tasks. Hopefully that is ready to be
>   merged soon. No need anymore to have a specific
>   cpu be the housekeeper cpu.
> 
> V4->V5:
> - Shepherd thread on a specific cpu (HOUSEKEEPING_CPU).
> - Incorporate Andrew's feedback
> - Work out the races.
> - Make visible which CPUs have stat updates switched off
>   in /sys/devices/system/cpu/stat_off
> 
> V3->V4:
> - Make the shepherd task not deferrable. It runs on the tick cpu
>   anyways. Deferral could get deltas too far out of sync if
>   vmstat operations are disabled for a certain processor.
> 
> V2->V3:
> - Introduce a new tick_get_housekeeping_cpu() function. Not sure
>   if that is exactly what we want but it is a start. Thomas?
> - Migrate the shepherd task if the output of
>   tick_get_housekeeping_cpu() changes.
> - Fixes recommended by Andrew.
> 
> V1->V2:
> - Optimize the need_update check by using memchr_inv.
> - Clean up.
> 
> vmstat workers are used for folding counter differentials into the
> zone, per node and global counters at certain time intervals.
> They currently run at defined intervals on all processors which will
> cause some holdoff for processors that need minimal intrusion by the
> OS.
> 
> The current vmstat_update mechanism depends on a deferrable timer
> firing every other second by default which registers a work queue item
> that runs on the local CPU, with the result that we have 1 interrupt
> and one additional schedulable task on each CPU every 2 seconds
> If a workload indeed causes VM activity or multiple tasks are running
> on a CPU, then there are probably bigger issues to deal with.
> 
> However, some workloads dedicate a CPU for a single CPU bound task.
> This is done in high performance computing, in high frequency
> financial applications, in networking (Intel DPDK, EZchip NPS) and with
> the advent of systems with more and more CPUs over time, this may become
> more and more common to do since when one has enough CPUs
> one cares less about efficiently sharing a CPU with other tasks and
> more about efficiently monopolizing a CPU per task.
> 
> The difference of having this timer firing and workqueue kernel thread
> scheduled per second can be enormous. An artificial test measuring the
> worst case time to do a simple "i++" in an endless loop on a bare metal
> system and under Linux on an isolated CPU with dynticks and with and
> without this patch, have Linux match the bare metal performance
> (~700 cycles) with this patch and loose by couple of orders of magnitude
> (~200k cycles) without it[*].  The loss occurs for something that just
> calculates statistics. For networking applications, for example, this
> could be the difference between dropping packets or sustaining line rate.
> 
> Statistics are important and useful, but it would be great if there
> would be a way to not cause statistics gathering produce a huge
> performance difference. This patche does just that.
> 
> This patch creates a vmstat shepherd worker that monitors the
> per cpu differentials on all processors. If there are differentials
> on a processor then a vmstat worker local to the processors
> with the differentials is created. That worker will then start
> folding the diffs in regular intervals. Should the worker
> find that there is no work to be done then it will make the shepherd
> worker monitor the differentials again.
> 
> With this patch it is possible then to have periods longer than
> 2 seconds without any OS event on a "cpu" (hardware thread).
> 
> The patch shows a very minor increased in system performance.
> 
> 
> hackbench -s 512 -l 2000 -g 15 -f 25 -P
> 
> Results before the patch:
> 
> Running in process mode with 15 groups using 50 file descriptors each (== 750 tasks)
> Each sender will pass 2000 messages of 512 bytes
> Time: 4.992
> Running in process mode with 15 groups using 50 file descriptors each (== 750 tasks)
> Each sender will pass 2000 messages of 512 bytes
> Time: 4.971
> Running in process mode with 15 groups using 50 file descriptors each (== 750 tasks)
> Each sender will pass 2000 messages of 512 bytes
> Time: 5.063
> 
> Hackbench after the patch:
> 
> Running in process mode with 15 groups using 50 file descriptors each (== 750 tasks)
> Each sender will pass 2000 messages of 512 bytes
> Time: 4.973
> Running in process mode with 15 groups using 50 file descriptors each (== 750 tasks)
> Each sender will pass 2000 messages of 512 bytes
> Time: 4.990
> Running in process mode with 15 groups using 50 file descriptors each (== 750 tasks)
> Each sender will pass 2000 messages of 512 bytes
> Time: 4.993
> 
> 
> 
> Reviewed-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@...yossef.com>
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>
> 
> 
> Index: linux/mm/vmstat.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux.orig/mm/vmstat.c	2014-07-07 10:15:01.790099463 -0500
> +++ linux/mm/vmstat.c	2014-07-07 10:17:17.397891143 -0500
> @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
>   *  zoned VM statistics
>   *  Copyright (C) 2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.,
>   *		Christoph Lameter <christoph@...eter.com>
> + *  Copyright (C) 2008-2014 Christoph Lameter
>   */
>  #include <linux/fs.h>
>  #include <linux/mm.h>
> @@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
>  #include <linux/module.h>
>  #include <linux/slab.h>
>  #include <linux/cpu.h>
> +#include <linux/cpumask.h>
>  #include <linux/vmstat.h>
>  #include <linux/sched.h>
>  #include <linux/math64.h>
> @@ -419,13 +421,22 @@ void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *pa
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state);
>  #endif
> 
> -static inline void fold_diff(int *diff)
> +
> +/*
> + * Fold a differential into the global counters.
> + * Returns the number of counters updated.
> + */
> +static int fold_diff(int *diff)
>  {
>  	int i;
> +	int changes = 0;
> 
>  	for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
> -		if (diff[i])
> +		if (diff[i]) {
>  			atomic_long_add(diff[i], &vm_stat[i]);
> +			changes++;
> +	}
> +	return changes;
>  }
> 
>  /*
> @@ -441,12 +452,15 @@ static inline void fold_diff(int *diff)
>   * statistics in the remote zone struct as well as the global cachelines
>   * with the global counters. These could cause remote node cache line
>   * bouncing and will have to be only done when necessary.
> + *
> + * The function returns the number of global counters updated.
>   */
> -static void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(void)
> +static int refresh_cpu_vm_stats(void)
>  {
>  	struct zone *zone;
>  	int i;
>  	int global_diff[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, };
> +	int changes = 0;
> 
>  	for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
>  		struct per_cpu_pageset __percpu *p = zone->pageset;
> @@ -486,15 +500,17 @@ static void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(void)
>  			continue;
>  		}
> 
> -
>  		if (__this_cpu_dec_return(p->expire))
>  			continue;
> 
> -		if (__this_cpu_read(p->pcp.count))
> +		if (__this_cpu_read(p->pcp.count)) {
>  			drain_zone_pages(zone, this_cpu_ptr(&p->pcp));
> +			changes++;
> +		}
>  #endif
>  	}
> -	fold_diff(global_diff);
> +	changes += fold_diff(global_diff);
> +	return changes;
>  }
> 
>  /*
> @@ -1228,20 +1244,105 @@ static const struct file_operations proc
>  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
>  static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work);
>  int sysctl_stat_interval __read_mostly = HZ;
> +struct cpumask *cpu_stat_off;

I thought you converted it?
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