linux-kernel - Re: bit fields && data tearing

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Date:	Thu, 4 Sep 2014 10:57:40 +0200
From:	Mikael Pettersson <mikpelinux@...il.com>
To:	Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@...nel.crashing.org>
Cc:	Peter Hurley <peter@...leysoftware.com>,
	Jakub Jelinek <jakub@...hat.com>,
	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Richard Henderson <rth@...ddle.net>,
	Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>,
	Miroslav Franc <mfranc@...hat.com>,
	Paul Mackerras <paulus@...ba.org>,
	linuxppc-dev@...ts.ozlabs.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	linux-arch@...r.kernel.org, Tony Luck <tony.luck@...el.com>,
	linux-ia64@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: bit fields && data tearing

Benjamin Herrenschmidt writes:
 > On Wed, 2014-09-03 at 18:51 -0400, Peter Hurley wrote:
 > 
 > > Apologies for hijacking this thread but I need to extend this discussion
 > > somewhat regarding what a compiler might do with adjacent fields in a structure.
 > > 
 > > The tty subsystem defines a large aggregate structure, struct tty_struct.
 > > Importantly, several different locks apply to different fields within that
 > > structure; ie., a specific spinlock will be claimed before updating or accessing
 > > certain fields while a different spinlock will be claimed before updating or
 > > accessing certain _adjacent_ fields.
 > > 
 > > What is necessary and sufficient to prevent accidental false-sharing?
 > > The patch below was flagged as insufficient on ia64, and possibly ARM.
 > 
 > We expect native aligned scalar types to be accessed atomically (the
 > read/modify/write of a larger quantity that gcc does on some bitfield
 > cases has been flagged as a gcc bug, but shouldn't happen on normal
 > scalar types).
 > 
 > I am not 100% certain of "bool" here, I assume it's treated as a normal
 > scalar and thus atomic but if unsure, you can always use int.

Please use an aligned int or long.  Some machines cannot do atomic
accesses on sub-int/long quantities, so 'bool' may cause unexpected
rmw cycles on adjacent fields.

/Mikael

 > 
 > Another option is to use the atomic bitops and make these bits in a
 > bitmask but that is probably unnecessary if you have locks already.
 > 
 > Cheers,
 > Ben.
 > 
 > 
 > > Regards,
 > > Peter Hurley
 > > 
 > > --- >% ---
 > > Subject: [PATCH 21/26] tty: Convert tty_struct bitfield to bools
 > > 
 > > The stopped, hw_stopped, flow_stopped and packet bits are smp-unsafe
 > > and interrupt-unsafe. For example,
 > > 
 > > CPU 0                         | CPU 1
 > >                               |
 > > tty->flow_stopped = 1         | tty->hw_stopped = 0
 > > 
 > > One of these updates will be corrupted, as the bitwise operation
 > > on the bitfield is non-atomic.
 > > 
 > > Ensure each flag has a separate memory location, so concurrent
 > > updates do not corrupt orthogonal states.
 > > 
 > > Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@...leysoftware.com>
 > > ---
 > >  include/linux/tty.h | 5 ++++-
 > >  1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 > > 
 > > diff --git a/include/linux/tty.h b/include/linux/tty.h
 > > index 1c3316a..7cf61cb 100644
 > > --- a/include/linux/tty.h
 > > +++ b/include/linux/tty.h
 > > @@ -261,7 +261,10 @@ struct tty_struct {
 > >  	unsigned long flags;
 > >  	int count;
 > >  	struct winsize winsize;		/* winsize_mutex */
 > > -	unsigned char stopped:1, hw_stopped:1, flow_stopped:1, packet:1;
 > > +	bool stopped;
 > > +	bool hw_stopped;
 > > +	bool flow_stopped;
 > > +	bool packet;
 > >  	unsigned char ctrl_status;	/* ctrl_lock */
 > >  	unsigned int receive_room;	/* Bytes free for queue */
 > >  	int flow_change;
 > 
 > 
 > --
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