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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2014 23:15:09 +0100
From: Hector Marco Gisbert <hecmargi@....es>
To: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@....linux.org.uk>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>,
Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>,
Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] ASLRv3: randomize_va_space=3 preventing offset2lib
attack
[PATCH] ASLRv3: randomize_va_space=3 preventing offset2lib attack
The issue appears on PIE linked executables when all memory areas of
a process are randomized (randomize_va_space=2). In this case, the
attack "offset2lib" de-randomizes all library areas on 64 bit Linux
systems in less than one second.
Further details of the PoC attack at:
http://cybersecurity.upv.es/attacks/offset2lib/offset2lib.html
PIE linked applications are loaded side by side with the dynamic
libraries, which is exploited by the offset2lib attack. Moving away
the executable from the mmap_base area (libraries area) prevents the
attack.
This patch loads the PIE linked executable in a different area than
the libraries when randomize_va_space=3. By default randomize_va_space
is set to 3 because this shouldn't break any existing userspace
configuration.
Patch implementation details:
- The ELF_ET_DYN_BASE address is used as the base to load randomly
the PIE executable.
- The executable image has the same entropy than
randomize_va_space=2.
If the randomize_va_space is set to 2 then this patch does not change
any behavior when loading new processes.
The patch has been tested on x86_64/32 and ARM/ARM64.
Signed-off-by: Hector Marco-Gisbert <hecmargi@....es>
Signed-off-by: Ismael Ripoll <iripoll@....es>
diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
index 57baff5..1068492 100644
--- a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
@@ -690,6 +690,19 @@ that support this feature.
with CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK enabled, which excludes the heap from process
address space randomization.
+3 - It is an extension of the previous option, which only affects
+ PIE-linked binaries. If enabled, the application executable is
+ located to a random area on its own. Note that with options 1
+ and 2, the executable is placed side by side with the rest of the
+ mmaped objects (libraries, maped files, etc.).
+
+ An address leak from an area does not compromise the others. So,
+ this option removes the offset2lib weakness.
+
+ As far as we know it shall not break backward compatibility and
+ does not introduce overhead on the execution. Therefore, it is
+ advisable to enable it.
+
==============================================================
reboot-cmd: (Sparc only)
diff --git a/arch/arm/mm/mmap.c b/arch/arm/mm/mmap.c
index 5e85ed3..0b1e18c 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/mmap.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/elf.h>
#include <asm/cachetype.h>
#define COLOUR_ALIGN(addr,pgoff) \
@@ -19,6 +20,17 @@
#define MIN_GAP (128*1024*1024UL)
#define MAX_GAP ((TASK_SIZE)/6*5)
+/* 8 bits of randomness in 20 address space bits */
+static unsigned long mmap_rnd(void)
+{
+ unsigned long rnd = 0;
+ if ((current->flags & PF_RANDOMIZE) &&
+ !(current->personality & ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE))
+ rnd = (get_random_int() % (1 << 8)) << PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+ return rnd;
+}
+
static int mmap_is_legacy(void)
{
if (current->personality & ADDR_COMPAT_LAYOUT)
@@ -30,7 +42,7 @@ static int mmap_is_legacy(void)
return sysctl_legacy_va_layout;
}
-static unsigned long mmap_base(unsigned long rnd)
+static unsigned long mmap_base(void)
{
unsigned long gap = rlimit(RLIMIT_STACK);
@@ -39,7 +51,7 @@ static unsigned long mmap_base(unsigned long rnd)
else if (gap > MAX_GAP)
gap = MAX_GAP;
- return PAGE_ALIGN(TASK_SIZE - gap - rnd);
+ return PAGE_ALIGN(TASK_SIZE - gap - mmap_rnd());
}
/*
@@ -171,19 +183,14 @@ arch_get_unmapped_area_topdown(struct file
*filp, const unsigned long addr0,
void arch_pick_mmap_layout(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
- unsigned long random_factor = 0UL;
-
- /* 8 bits of randomness in 20 address space bits */
- if ((current->flags & PF_RANDOMIZE) &&
- !(current->personality & ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE))
- random_factor = (get_random_int() % (1 << 8)) << PAGE_SHIFT;
-
if (mmap_is_legacy()) {
- mm->mmap_base = TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE + random_factor;
+ mm->mmap_base = TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE + mmap_rnd();
mm->get_unmapped_area = arch_get_unmapped_area;
} else {
- mm->mmap_base = mmap_base(random_factor);
+ mm->mmap_base = mmap_base();
mm->get_unmapped_area = arch_get_unmapped_area_topdown;
+ if (randomize_va_space > 2)
+ mm->exec_base = ELF_PAGESTART(ELF_ET_DYN_BASE - mmap_rnd());
}
}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmap.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmap.c
index 1d73662..793d4b6 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmap.c
@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ void arch_pick_mmap_layout(struct mm_struct *mm)
} else {
mm->mmap_base = mmap_base();
mm->get_unmapped_area = arch_get_unmapped_area_topdown;
+ if (randomize_va_space > 2)
+ mm->exec_base = ELF_PAGESTART(ELF_ET_DYN_BASE - mmap_rnd());
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_pick_mmap_layout);
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/mmap.c b/arch/x86/mm/mmap.c
index 919b912..06202d3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/mmap.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/limits.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/elf.h>
#include <asm/elf.h>
struct va_alignment __read_mostly va_align = {
@@ -120,5 +121,7 @@ void arch_pick_mmap_layout(struct mm_struct *mm)
mm->get_unmapped_area = arch_get_unmapped_area;
} else {
mm->get_unmapped_area = arch_get_unmapped_area_topdown;
+ if (randomize_va_space > 2)
+ mm->exec_base = ELF_PAGESTART(ELF_ET_DYN_BASE - mmap_rnd());
}
}
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_elf.c b/fs/binfmt_elf.c
index d8fc060..8a89afe 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_elf.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_elf.c
@@ -65,17 +65,11 @@ static int elf_core_dump(struct coredump_params *cprm);
#define elf_core_dump NULL
#endif
-#if ELF_EXEC_PAGESIZE > PAGE_SIZE
-#define ELF_MIN_ALIGN ELF_EXEC_PAGESIZE
-#else
-#define ELF_MIN_ALIGN PAGE_SIZE
-#endif
#ifndef ELF_CORE_EFLAGS
#define ELF_CORE_EFLAGS 0
#endif
-#define ELF_PAGESTART(_v) ((_v) & ~(unsigned long)(ELF_MIN_ALIGN-1))
#define ELF_PAGEOFFSET(_v) ((_v) & (ELF_MIN_ALIGN-1))
#define ELF_PAGEALIGN(_v) (((_v) + ELF_MIN_ALIGN - 1) & ~(ELF_MIN_ALIGN - 1))
@@ -805,7 +799,7 @@ static int load_elf_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
* non-randomized mappings.
*/
if (current->flags & PF_RANDOMIZE)
- load_bias = 0;
+ load_bias = current->mm->exec_base;
else
load_bias = ELF_PAGESTART(ELF_ET_DYN_BASE - vaddr);
#else
diff --git a/include/linux/elf.h b/include/linux/elf.h
index 67a5fa7..46fb890 100644
--- a/include/linux/elf.h
+++ b/include/linux/elf.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
#include <asm/elf.h>
#include <uapi/linux/elf.h>
+#include <asm/page.h>
#ifndef elf_read_implies_exec
/* Executables for which elf_read_implies_exec() returns TRUE will
@@ -48,4 +49,13 @@ static inline int
elf_coredump_extra_notes_write(struct coredump_params *cprm) {
extern int elf_coredump_extra_notes_size(void);
extern int elf_coredump_extra_notes_write(struct coredump_params *cprm);
#endif
+
+#if ELF_EXEC_PAGESIZE > PAGE_SIZE
+#define ELF_MIN_ALIGN ELF_EXEC_PAGESIZE
+#else
+#define ELF_MIN_ALIGN PAGE_SIZE
+#endif
+
+#define ELF_PAGESTART(_v) ((_v) & ~(unsigned long)(ELF_MIN_ALIGN-1))
+
#endif /* _LINUX_ELF_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h
index 6e0b286..dd052ec 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ struct mm_struct {
#endif
unsigned long mmap_base; /* base of mmap area */
unsigned long mmap_legacy_base; /* base of mmap area in
bottom-up allocations */
+ unsigned long exec_base; /* base of exec area */
unsigned long task_size; /* size of task vm space */
unsigned long highest_vm_end; /* highest vma end address */
pgd_t * pgd;
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 9b7d746..1fd4553 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -551,6 +551,7 @@ static void mm_init_owner(struct mm_struct *mm,
struct task_struct *p)
static struct mm_struct *mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *p)
{
mm->mmap = NULL;
+ mm->exec_base = 0;
mm->mm_rb = RB_ROOT;
mm->vmacache_seqnum = 0;
atomic_set(&mm->mm_users, 1);
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index d5f2ae9..47a185f 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -100,12 +100,17 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(high_memory);
*
* ( When CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK=y we exclude brk from randomization,
* as ancient (libc5 based) binaries can segfault. )
+ *
+ * The default when is not COMPAT is moved from 2 to 3 to
+ * improve PIE-linked binaries randomization.
+ * (This prevent the offset2lib attack)
+ *
*/
int randomize_va_space __read_mostly =
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK
1;
#else
- 2;
+ 3;
#endif
static int __init disable_randmaps(char *s)
--
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