linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 3/4] x86: open-code register save/restore in trace

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Date:	Sat, 10 Jan 2015 21:43:37 +0100
From:	Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@...glemail.com>
To:	Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>
Cc:	Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
	Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@...hat.com>,
	Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>,
	"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
	Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>,
	X86 ML <x86@...nel.org>, Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...mgrid.com>,
	Will Drewry <wad@...omium.org>,
	Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 3/4] x86: open-code register save/restore in
 trace_hardirqs thunks

On Sat, Jan 10, 2015 at 9:17 PM, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net> wrote:
>> After I've seen the disassembly I myself posted, I can't help but wonder
>> why we use 5-byte instructions to store and load regs on stack when
>> pushes and pops are 1 or 2-byte long.
>
> I asked this once, and someone told me that push/pop has lower
> throughput.  I find this surprising.

Theoretically yes.
In practice, AMD K7 and K8 seem to be able to execute two movq's
in one cycle, but only one push.

For all other processors I looked at, they have the same throughput:
K10 can do two movq's in one cycle, but also two push'es.
Bulldozer...Steamroller: can do one insn per cycle.
Bobcat..Jaguar: can do one insn per cycle.
Core 2: can do one insn per cycle.
Nehalem: can do one insn per cycle.

The above was microbenchmarked with long sequences
of similar instructions, in which case store unit gets saturated
and becomes a bottleneck.

Here's the document.

http://www.agner.org/optimize/instruction_tables.pdf
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