Message-ID: <20150112154643.GD1938@gmail.com>
Date:	Mon, 12 Jan 2015 10:46:43 -0500
From:	Jerome Glisse <j.glisse@...il.com>
To:	Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@....com>
Cc:	akpm@...ux-foundation.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	linux-mm@...ck.org, Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	joro@...tes.org, Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>,
	"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
	Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
	Johannes Weiner <jweiner@...hat.com>,
	Larry Woodman <lwoodman@...hat.com>,
	Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>,
	Dave Airlie <airlied@...hat.com>,
	Brendan Conoboy <blc@...hat.com>,
	Joe Donohue <jdonohue@...hat.com>,
	Duncan Poole <dpoole@...dia.com>,
	Sherry Cheung <SCheung@...dia.com>,
	Subhash Gutti <sgutti@...dia.com>,
	John Hubbard <jhubbard@...dia.com>,
	Mark Hairgrove <mhairgrove@...dia.com>,
	Lucien Dunning <ldunning@...dia.com>,
	Cameron Buschardt <cabuschardt@...dia.com>,
	Arvind Gopalakrishnan <arvindg@...dia.com>,
	Shachar Raindel <raindel@...lanox.com>,
	Liran Liss <liranl@...lanox.com>,
	Roland Dreier <roland@...estorage.com>,
	Ben Sander <ben.sander@....com>,
	Greg Stoner <Greg.Stoner@....com>,
	John Bridgman <John.Bridgman@....com>,
	Michael Mantor <Michael.Mantor@....com>,
	Paul Blinzer <Paul.Blinzer@....com>,
	Laurent Morichetti <Laurent.Morichetti@....com>,
	Alexander Deucher <Alexander.Deucher@....com>,
	Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>,
	Jatin Kumar <jakumar@...dia.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 3/6] HMM: introduce heterogeneous memory management v2.

On Sun, Jan 11, 2015 at 03:24:42PM +0200, Oded Gabbay wrote:
> 
> 
> On 01/06/2015 12:44 AM, j.glisse@...il.com wrote:
> > From: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>
> > 
> > This patch only introduce core HMM functions for registering a new mirror and
> > stopping a mirror as well as registering and unregistering a device.
> > 
> > The lifecycle of HMM object is handled differently then one of mmu_notifier
> > because unlike mmu_notifier there can be concurrent call from both mm code to
> > HMM code and/or from device driver code to HMM code. Moreover lifetime of HMM
> > can be uncorrelated from the lifetime of the process that is being mirror.
> > 
> > Changed since v1:
> >   - Updated comment of hmm_device_register().
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Sherry Cheung <SCheung@...dia.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Subhash Gutti <sgutti@...dia.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Mark Hairgrove <mhairgrove@...dia.com>
> > Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@...dia.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Jatin Kumar <jakumar@...dia.com>
> > ---
> >  MAINTAINERS              |   7 +
> >  include/linux/hmm.h      | 129 ++++++++++++++++
> >  include/linux/mm.h       |  11 ++
> >  include/linux/mm_types.h |  14 ++
> >  kernel/fork.c            |   2 +
> >  mm/Kconfig               |  15 ++
> >  mm/Makefile              |   1 +
> >  mm/hmm.c                 | 373 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  8 files changed, 552 insertions(+)
> >  create mode 100644 include/linux/hmm.h
> >  create mode 100644 mm/hmm.c
> > 
> > diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
> > index c03bc6c..3ec87c4 100644
> > --- a/MAINTAINERS
> > +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> > @@ -4533,6 +4533,13 @@ F:	include/uapi/linux/if_hippi.h
> >  F:	net/802/hippi.c
> >  F:	drivers/net/hippi/
> >  
> > +HMM - Heterogeneous Memory Management
> > +M:	Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>
> > +L:	linux-mm@...ck.org
> > +S:	Maintained
> > +F:	mm/hmm.c
> > +F:	include/linux/hmm.h
> > +
> >  HOST AP DRIVER
> >  M:	Jouni Malinen <j@...fi>
> >  L:	hostap@...oo.com (subscribers-only)
> > diff --git a/include/linux/hmm.h b/include/linux/hmm.h
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..8eddc15
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/include/linux/hmm.h
> > @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
> > +/*
> > + * Copyright 2013 Red Hat Inc.
> > + *
> > + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> > + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
> > + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> > + * (at your option) any later version.
> > + *
> > + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> > + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> > + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> > + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> > + *
> > + * Authors: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>
> > + */
> > +/* This is a heterogeneous memory management (hmm). In a nutshell this provide
> > + * an API to mirror a process address on a device which has its own mmu using
> > + * its own page table for the process. It supports everything except special
> > + * vma.
> > + *
> > + * Mandatory hardware features :
> > + *   - An mmu with pagetable.
> > + *   - Read only flag per cpu page.
> > + *   - Page fault ie hardware must stop and wait for kernel to service fault.
> > + *
> > + * Optional hardware features :
> > + *   - Dirty bit per cpu page.
> > + *   - Access bit per cpu page.
> > + *
> > + * The hmm code handle all the interfacing with the core kernel mm code and
> > + * provide a simple API. It does support migrating system memory to device
> > + * memory and handle migration back to system memory on cpu page fault.
> > + *
> > + * Migrated memory is considered as swaped from cpu and core mm code point of
> > + * view.
> > + */
> > +#ifndef _HMM_H
> > +#define _HMM_H
> > +
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_HMM
> > +
> > +#include <linux/list.h>
> > +#include <linux/spinlock.h>
> > +#include <linux/atomic.h>
> > +#include <linux/mm_types.h>
> > +#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
> > +#include <linux/workqueue.h>
> > +#include <linux/mman.h>
> > +
> > +
> > +struct hmm_device;
> > +struct hmm_mirror;
> > +struct hmm;
> > +
> > +
> > +/* hmm_device - Each device must register one and only one hmm_device.
> > + *
> > + * The hmm_device is the link btw HMM and each device driver.
> > + */
> > +
> > +/* struct hmm_device_operations - HMM device operation callback
> > + */
> > +struct hmm_device_ops {
> > +	/* release() - mirror must stop using the address space.
> > +	 *
> > +	 * @mirror: The mirror that link process address space with the device.
> > +	 *
> > +	 * This callback is call either on mm destruction or as result to a
> > +	 * call to hmm_mirror_release(). Device driver have to stop all hw
> > +	 * thread and all usage of the address space, it has to dirty all pages
> > +	 * that have been dirty by the device. But it must not clear any entry
> > +	 * from the mirror page table.
> > +	 */
> > +	void (*release)(struct hmm_mirror *mirror);
> > +};
> > +
> > +/* struct hmm_device - per device HMM structure
> > + *
> > + * @name: Device name (uniquely identify the device on the system).
> > + * @ops: The hmm operations callback.
> > + * @mirrors: List of all active mirrors for the device.
> > + * @mutex: Mutex protecting mirrors list.
> > + *
> > + * Each device that want to mirror an address space must register one of this
> > + * struct (only once per linux device).
> > + */
> > +struct hmm_device {
> > +	const char			*name;
> > +	const struct hmm_device_ops	*ops;
> > +	struct list_head		mirrors;
> > +	struct mutex			mutex;
> > +};
> > +
> > +int hmm_device_register(struct hmm_device *device);
> > +int hmm_device_unregister(struct hmm_device *device);
> > +
> > +
> > +/* hmm_mirror - device specific mirroring functions.
> > + *
> > + * Each device that mirror a process has a uniq hmm_mirror struct associating
> > + * the process address space with the device. Same process can be mirrored by
> > + * several different devices at the same time.
> > + */
> > +
> > +/* struct hmm_mirror - per device and per mm HMM structure
> > + *
> > + * @device: The hmm_device struct this hmm_mirror is associated to.
> > + * @hmm: The hmm struct this hmm_mirror is associated to.
> > + * @dlist: List of all hmm_mirror for same device.
> > + * @mlist: List of all hmm_mirror for same process.
> > + *
> > + * Each device that want to mirror an address space must register one of this
> > + * struct for each of the address space it wants to mirror. Same device can
> > + * mirror several different address space. As well same address space can be
> > + * mirror by different devices.
> > + */
> > +struct hmm_mirror {
> > +	struct hmm_device	*device;
> > +	struct hmm		*hmm;
> > +	struct list_head	dlist;
> > +	struct hlist_node	mlist;
> > +};
> > +
> > +int hmm_mirror_register(struct hmm_mirror *mirror, struct hmm_device *device);
> > +void hmm_mirror_unregister(struct hmm_mirror *mirror);
> > +
> > +
> > +#endif /* CONFIG_HMM */
> > +#endif
> > diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
> > index f80d019..0e054f9 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/mm.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/mm.h
> > @@ -2208,5 +2208,16 @@ void __init setup_nr_node_ids(void);
> >  static inline void setup_nr_node_ids(void) {}
> >  #endif
> >  
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_HMM
> > +static inline void hmm_mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm)
> > +{
> > +	mm->hmm = NULL;
> > +}
> > +#else /* !CONFIG_HMM */
> > +static inline void hmm_mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm)
> > +{
> > +}
> > +#endif /* !CONFIG_HMM */
> > +
> >  #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> >  #endif /* _LINUX_MM_H */
> > diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h
> > index 6d34aa2..57a3e1c 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/mm_types.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h
> > @@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
> >  #include <asm/page.h>
> >  #include <asm/mmu.h>
> >  
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_HMM
> > +struct hmm;
> > +#endif
> > +
> >  #ifndef AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH
> >  #define AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH 0
> >  #endif
> > @@ -426,6 +430,16 @@ struct mm_struct {
> >  #ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
> >  	struct mmu_notifier_mm *mmu_notifier_mm;
> >  #endif
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_HMM
> > +	/*
> > +	 * hmm always register an mmu_notifier we rely on mmu notifier to keep
> > +	 * refcount on mm struct as well as forbiding registering hmm on a
> > +	 * dying mm
> > +	 *
> > +	 * This field is set with mmap_sem old in write mode.
> > +	 */
> > +	struct hmm *hmm;
> > +#endif
> >  #if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && !USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS
> >  	pgtable_t pmd_huge_pte; /* protected by page_table_lock */
> >  #endif
> > diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
> > index 4dc2dda..0bb9dc4 100644
> > --- a/kernel/fork.c
> > +++ b/kernel/fork.c
> > @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
> >  #include <linux/binfmts.h>
> >  #include <linux/mman.h>
> >  #include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
> > +#include <linux/hmm.h>
> >  #include <linux/fs.h>
> >  #include <linux/mm.h>
> >  #include <linux/vmacache.h>
> > @@ -568,6 +569,7 @@ static struct mm_struct *mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *p)
> >  	mm_init_aio(mm);
> >  	mm_init_owner(mm, p);
> >  	mmu_notifier_mm_init(mm);
> > +	hmm_mm_init(mm);
> >  	clear_tlb_flush_pending(mm);
> >  #if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && !USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS
> >  	mm->pmd_huge_pte = NULL;
> > diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
> > index 1d1ae6b..b249db0 100644
> > --- a/mm/Kconfig
> > +++ b/mm/Kconfig
> > @@ -618,3 +618,18 @@ config MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB
> >  	  changed to a smaller value in which case that is used.
> >  
> >  	  A sane initial value is 80 MB.
> > +
> > +if STAGING
> > +config HMM
> > +	bool "Enable heterogeneous memory management (HMM)"
> > +	depends on MMU
> > +	select MMU_NOTIFIER
> > +	select GENERIC_PAGE_TABLE
> > +	default n
> > +	help
> > +	  Heterogeneous memory management provide infrastructure for a device
> > +	  to mirror a process address space into an hardware mmu or into any
> > +	  things supporting pagefault like event.
> > +
> > +	  If unsure, say N to disable hmm.
> > +endif # STAGING
> > diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
> > index 3548460..cb2f9ed 100644
> > --- a/mm/Makefile
> > +++ b/mm/Makefile
> > @@ -73,3 +73,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_EARLY_IOREMAP) += early_ioremap.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_CMA)	+= cma.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_MEMORY_BALLOON) += balloon_compaction.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_PAGE_EXTENSION) += page_ext.o
> > +obj-$(CONFIG_HMM) += hmm.o
> > diff --git a/mm/hmm.c b/mm/hmm.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..0b4e220
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/mm/hmm.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
> > +/*
> > + * Copyright 2013 Red Hat Inc.
> > + *
> > + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> > + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
> > + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> > + * (at your option) any later version.
> > + *
> > + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> > + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> > + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> > + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> > + *
> > + * Authors: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>
> > + */
> > +/* This is the core code for heterogeneous memory management (HMM). HMM intend
> > + * to provide helper for mirroring a process address space on a device as well
> > + * as allowing migration of data between system memory and device memory refer
> > + * as remote memory from here on out.
> > + *
> > + * Refer to include/linux/hmm.h for further information on general design.
> > + */
> > +#include <linux/export.h>
> > +#include <linux/bitmap.h>
> > +#include <linux/list.h>
> > +#include <linux/rculist.h>
> > +#include <linux/slab.h>
> > +#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
> > +#include <linux/mm.h>
> > +#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
> > +#include <linux/fs.h>
> > +#include <linux/file.h>
> > +#include <linux/ksm.h>
> > +#include <linux/rmap.h>
> > +#include <linux/swap.h>
> > +#include <linux/swapops.h>
> > +#include <linux/mmu_context.h>
> > +#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
> > +#include <linux/hmm.h>
> > +#include <linux/wait.h>
> > +#include <linux/mman.h>
> > +#include <linux/delay.h>
> > +#include <linux/workqueue.h>
> > +
> > +#include "internal.h"
> > +
> > +static struct srcu_struct srcu;
> > +
> > +
> > +/* struct hmm - per mm_struct HMM states.
> > + *
> > + * @mirrors: List of all mirror for this mm (one per device).
> > + * @mm: The mm struct this hmm is associated with.
> > + * @vm_end: Last valid address for this mm (exclusive).
> > + * @lock: Serialize the mirror list modifications.
> > + * @kref: Reference counter
> > + * @mmu_notifier: The mmu_notifier of this mm.
> > + *
> > + * For each process address space (mm_struct) there is one and only one hmm
> > + * struct. hmm functions will redispatch to each devices the change made to
> > + * the process address space.
> > + */
> > +struct hmm {
> > +	struct hlist_head	mirrors;
> > +	struct mm_struct	*mm;
> > +	unsigned long		vm_end;
> > +	spinlock_t		lock;
> > +	struct kref		kref;
> > +	struct mmu_notifier	mmu_notifier;
> > +};
> > +
> > +static struct mmu_notifier_ops hmm_notifier_ops;
> > +
> > +
> > +/* hmm - core HMM functions.
> > + *
> > + * Core HMM functions that deal with all the process mm activities.
> > + */
> > +
> > +static int hmm_init(struct hmm *hmm)
> > +{
> > +	hmm->mm = current->mm;
> > +	hmm->vm_end = TASK_SIZE;
> > +	kref_init(&hmm->kref);
> > +	INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&hmm->mirrors);
> > +	spin_lock_init(&hmm->lock);
> > +
> > +	/* register notifier */
> > +	hmm->mmu_notifier.ops = &hmm_notifier_ops;
> > +	return __mmu_notifier_register(&hmm->mmu_notifier, current->mm);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int hmm_add_mirror(struct hmm *hmm, struct hmm_mirror *mirror)
> > +{
> > +	struct hmm_mirror *tmp;
> > +
> > +	spin_lock(&hmm->lock);
> > +	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(tmp, &hmm->mirrors, mlist)
> > +		if (tmp->device == mirror->device) {
> > +			/* Same device can mirror only once. */
> > +			spin_unlock(&hmm->lock);
> > +			return -EINVAL;
> > +		}
> > +	hlist_add_head(&mirror->mlist, &hmm->mirrors);
> > +	spin_unlock(&hmm->lock);
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline struct hmm *hmm_ref(struct hmm *hmm)
> > +{
> > +	if (!hmm || !kref_get_unless_zero(&hmm->kref))
> > +		return NULL;
> > +	return hmm;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void hmm_destroy(struct kref *kref)
> > +{
> > +	struct hmm *hmm;
> > +
> > +	hmm = container_of(kref, struct hmm, kref);
> > +	BUG_ON(!hlist_empty(&hmm->mirrors));
> > +
> > +	down_write(&hmm->mm->mmap_sem);
> > +	/* A new hmm might have been register before reaching that point. */
> > +	if (hmm->mm->hmm == hmm)
> > +		hmm->mm->hmm = NULL;
> > +	up_write(&hmm->mm->mmap_sem);
> > +
> > +	mmu_notifier_unregister(&hmm->mmu_notifier, hmm->mm);
> > +
> > +	kfree(hmm);
> Jerome,
> Don't you need to handle a case where the process is terminated before it
> calls hmm_mirror_unregister() ? or if it "forgets" to call that function in
> the first place ?
> 
> This is the only place I saw "kfree(hmm)" and this function is only called
> if there are no more references to hmm. I saw you unref only in
> hmm_mirror_unregister() but as I said, that function may never be called.
> 
> 	Oded

It's a design decision, ie the driver will get a callback if the process is kill
and it then become driver responsability to call hmm_mirror_unregister(). As in
most case the driver will already be cleaning up, this sounded like cleaniest
way.


> 
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline struct hmm *hmm_unref(struct hmm *hmm)
> > +{
> > +	if (hmm)
> > +		kref_put(&hmm->kref, hmm_destroy);
> > +	return NULL;
> > +}
> > +
> > +
> > +/* hmm_notifier - HMM callback for mmu_notifier tracking change to process mm.
> > + *
> > + * HMM use use mmu notifier to track change made to process address space.
> > + */
> > +static void hmm_notifier_release(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm)
> > +{
> > +	struct hmm *hmm;
> > +	int id;
> > +
> > +	/*
> > +	 * The hmm structure can not be free because the mmu_notifier srcu is
> > +	 * read locked thus any concurrent hmm_mirror_unregister that would
> > +	 * free hmm would have to wait on the mmu_notifier srcu.
> > +	 */
> > +	hmm = container_of(mn, struct hmm, mmu_notifier);
> > +
> > +	id = srcu_read_lock(&srcu);
> > +	spin_lock(&hmm->lock);
> > +	while (hmm->mirrors.first) {
> > +		struct hmm_mirror *mirror;
> > +
> > +		mirror = hlist_entry(hmm->mirrors.first,
> > +				     struct hmm_mirror,
> > +				     mlist);
> > +		hlist_del_init_rcu(&mirror->mlist);
> > +		spin_unlock(&hmm->lock);
> > +
> > +		mirror->device->ops->release(mirror);
> > +
> > +		mutex_lock(&mirror->device->mutex);
> > +		list_del_init(&mirror->dlist);
> > +		mutex_unlock(&mirror->device->mutex);
> > +
> > +		spin_lock(&hmm->lock);
> > +	}
> > +	spin_unlock(&hmm->lock);
> > +
> > +	srcu_read_unlock(&srcu, id);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static struct mmu_notifier_ops hmm_notifier_ops = {
> > +	.release		= hmm_notifier_release,
> > +};
> > +
> > +
> > +/* hmm_mirror - per device mirroring functions.
> > + *
> > + * Each device that mirror a process has a uniq hmm_mirror struct. A process
> > + * can be mirror by several devices at the same time.
> > + *
> > + * Below are all the functions and their helpers use by device driver to mirror
> > + * the process address space. Those functions either deals with updating the
> > + * device page table (through hmm callback). Or provide helper functions use by
> > + * the device driver to fault in range of memory in the device page table.
> > + */
> > +
> > +/* hmm_mirror_register() - register mirror against current process for a device.
> > + *
> > + * @mirror: The mirror struct being registered.
> > + * @device: The device struct to against which the mirror is registered.
> > + * Returns: 0 on success or -ENOMEM, -EINVAL on error.
> > + *
> > + * Call when device driver want to start mirroring a process address space. The
> > + * HMM shim will register mmu_notifier and start monitoring process address
> > + * space changes. Hence callback to device driver might happen even before this
> > + * function return.
> > + *
> > + * The task device driver want to mirror must be current !
> > + *
> > + * Only one mirror per mm and hmm_device can be created, it will return NULL if
> > + * the hmm_device already has an hmm_mirror for the the mm.
> > + */
> > +int hmm_mirror_register(struct hmm_mirror *mirror, struct hmm_device *device)
> > +{
> > +	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
> > +	struct hmm *hmm = NULL;
> > +	int ret = 0;
> > +
> > +	/* Sanity checks. */
> > +	BUG_ON(!device);
> > +	BUG_ON(!mm);
> > +
> > +	/*
> > +	 * Initialize the mirror struct fields, the mlist init and del dance is
> > +	 * necessary to make the error path easier for driver and for hmm.
> > +	 */
> > +	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&mirror->mlist);
> > +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mirror->dlist);
> > +	mutex_lock(&device->mutex);
> > +	mirror->device = device;
> > +	list_add(&mirror->dlist, &device->mirrors);
> > +	mutex_unlock(&device->mutex);
> > +
> > +	down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
> > +
> > +	hmm = mm->hmm ? hmm_ref(hmm) : NULL;
> > +	if (hmm == NULL) {
> > +		/* no hmm registered yet so register one */
> > +		hmm = kzalloc(sizeof(*mm->hmm), GFP_KERNEL);
> > +		if (hmm == NULL) {
> > +			up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
> > +			ret = -ENOMEM;
> > +			goto error;
> > +		}
> > +
> > +		ret = hmm_init(hmm);
> > +		if (ret) {
> > +			up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
> > +			kfree(hmm);
> > +			goto error;
> > +		}
> > +
> > +		mm->hmm = hmm;
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	mirror->hmm = hmm;
> > +	ret = hmm_add_mirror(hmm, mirror);
> > +	up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
> > +	if (ret) {
> > +		mirror->hmm = NULL;
> > +		hmm_unref(hmm);
> > +		goto error;
> > +	}
> > +	return 0;
> > +
> > +error:
> > +	mutex_lock(&device->mutex);
> > +	list_del_init(&mirror->dlist);
> > +	mutex_unlock(&device->mutex);
> > +	return ret;
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL(hmm_mirror_register);
> > +
> > +static void hmm_mirror_release(struct hmm_mirror *mirror)
> > +{
> > +	spin_lock(&mirror->hmm->lock);
> > +	if (!hlist_unhashed(&mirror->mlist)) {
> > +		hlist_del_init_rcu(&mirror->mlist);
> > +		spin_unlock(&mirror->hmm->lock);
> > +		mirror->device->ops->release(mirror);
> > +
> > +		mutex_lock(&mirror->device->mutex);
> > +		list_del_init(&mirror->dlist);
> > +		mutex_unlock(&mirror->device->mutex);
> > +	} else
> > +		spin_unlock(&mirror->hmm->lock);
> > +}
> > +
> > +/* hmm_mirror_unregister() - unregister a mirror.
> > + *
> > + * @mirror: The mirror that link process address space with the device.
> > + *
> > + * Driver can call this function when it wants to stop mirroring a process.
> > + * This will trigger a call to the ->stop() callback if it did not aleady
> > + * happen.
> > + */
> > +void hmm_mirror_unregister(struct hmm_mirror *mirror)
> > +{
> > +	int id;
> > +
> > +	id = srcu_read_lock(&srcu);
> > +	hmm_mirror_release(mirror);
> > +	srcu_read_unlock(&srcu, id);
> > +
> > +	/*
> > +	 * Wait for any running method to finish, of course including
> > +	 * ->release() if it was run by hmm_notifier_release instead of us.
> > +	 */
> > +	synchronize_srcu(&srcu);
> > +
> > +	mirror->hmm = hmm_unref(mirror->hmm);
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL(hmm_mirror_unregister);
> > +
> > +
> > +/* hmm_device - Each device driver must register one and only one hmm_device
> > + *
> > + * The hmm_device is the link btw HMM and each device driver.
> > + */
> > +
> > +/* hmm_device_register() - register a device with HMM.
> > + *
> > + * @device: The hmm_device struct.
> > + * Returns: 0 on success or -EINVAL otherwise.
> > + *
> > + *
> > + * Call when device driver want to register itself with HMM. Device driver must
> > + * only register once.
> > + */
> > +int hmm_device_register(struct hmm_device *device)
> > +{
> > +	/* sanity check */
> > +	BUG_ON(!device);
> > +	BUG_ON(!device->name);
> > +	BUG_ON(!device->ops);
> > +	BUG_ON(!device->ops->release);
> > +
> > +	mutex_init(&device->mutex);
> > +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&device->mirrors);
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL(hmm_device_register);
> > +
> > +/* hmm_device_unregister() - unregister a device with HMM.
> > + *
> > + * @device: The hmm_device struct.
> > + * Returns: 0 on success or -EBUSY otherwise.
> > + *
> > + * Call when device driver want to unregister itself with HMM. This will check
> > + * that there is no any active mirror and returns -EBUSY if so.
> > + */
> > +int hmm_device_unregister(struct hmm_device *device)
> > +{
> > +	mutex_lock(&device->mutex);
> > +	if (!list_empty(&device->mirrors)) {
> > +		mutex_unlock(&device->mutex);
> > +		return -EBUSY;
> > +	}
> > +	mutex_unlock(&device->mutex);
> > +	synchronize_srcu(&srcu);
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL(hmm_device_unregister);
> > +
> > +
> > +static int __init hmm_subsys_init(void)
> > +{
> > +	return init_srcu_struct(&srcu);
> > +}
> > +subsys_initcall(hmm_subsys_init);
> > 
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