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Message-Id: <1421435777-25306-2-git-send-email-gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2015 11:16:05 -0800
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
To: arnd@...db.de, ebiederm@...ssion.com, gnomes@...rguk.ukuu.org.uk,
teg@...m.no, jkosina@...e.cz, luto@...capital.net,
linux-api@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc: daniel@...que.or, dh.herrmann@...il.com, tixxdz@...ndz.org,
Daniel Mack <daniel@...que.org>,
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
Subject: [PATCH 01/13] kdbus: add documentation
From: Daniel Mack <daniel@...que.org>
kdbus is a system for low-latency, low-overhead, easy to use
interprocess communication (IPC).
The interface to all functions in this driver is implemented via ioctls
on files exposed through a filesystem called 'kdbusfs'. The default
mount point of kdbusfs is /sys/fs/kdbus. This patch adds detailed
documentation about the kernel level API design.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@...que.org>
Signed-off-by: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@...il.com>
Signed-off-by: Djalal Harouni <tixxdz@...ndz.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
---
Documentation/kdbus.txt | 2107 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 2107 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/kdbus.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/kdbus.txt b/Documentation/kdbus.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2592a7e37079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/kdbus.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2107 @@
+D-Bus is a system for powerful, easy to use interprocess communication (IPC).
+
+The focus of this document is an overview of the low-level, native kernel D-Bus
+transport called kdbus. Kdbus exposes its functionality via files in a
+filesystem called 'kdbusfs'. All communication between processes takes place
+via ioctls on files exposed through the mount point of a kdbusfs. The default
+mount point of kdbusfs is /sys/fs/kdbus.
+
+Please note that kdbus was designed as transport layer for D-Bus, but is in no
+way limited, nor controlled by the D-Bus protocol specification. The D-Bus
+protocol is one possible application layer on top of kdbus.
+
+For the general D-Bus protocol specification, the payload format, the
+marshaling, and the communication semantics, please refer to:
+ http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html
+
+For a kdbus specific userspace library implementation please refer to:
+ http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/tree/src/systemd/sd-bus.h
+
+Articles about D-Bus and kdbus:
+ http://lwn.net/Articles/580194/
+
+
+1. Terminology
+===============================================================================
+
+ Domain:
+ A domain is created each time a kdbusfs is mounted. Each process that is
+ capable to mount a new instance of a kdbusfs will have its own kdbus
+ hierarchy. Each domain (ie, each mount point) offers its own "control"
+ file to create new buses. Domains have no connection to each other and
+ cannot see nor talk to each other. See section 5 for more details.
+
+ Bus:
+ A bus is a named object inside a domain. Clients exchange messages
+ over a bus. Multiple buses themselves have no connection to each other;
+ messages can only be exchanged on the same bus. The default endpoint of
+ a bus, where clients establish the connection to, is the "bus" file
+ /sys/fs/kdbus/<bus name>/bus.
+ Common operating system setups create one "system bus" per system, and one
+ "user bus" for every logged-in user. Applications or services may create
+ their own private buses. See section 5 for more details.
+
+ Endpoint:
+ An endpoint provides a file to talk to a bus. Opening an endpoint
+ creates a new connection to the bus to which the endpoint belongs. All
+ endpoints have unique names and are accessible as files underneath the
+ directory of a bus, e.g., /sys/fs/kdbus/<bus>/<endpoint>
+ Every bus has a default endpoint called "bus". A bus can optionally offer
+ additional endpoints with custom names to provide restricted access to the
+ bus. Custom endpoints carry additional policy which can be used to create
+ sandboxes with locked-down, limited, filtered access to a bus. See
+ section 5 for more details.
+
+ Connection:
+ A connection to a bus is created by opening an endpoint file of a bus and
+ becoming an active client with the HELLO exchange. Every ordinary client
+ connection has a unique identifier on the bus and can address messages to
+ every other connection on the same bus by using the peer's connection id
+ as the destination. See section 6 for more details.
+
+ Pool:
+ Each connection allocates a piece of shmem-backed memory that is used
+ to receive messages and answers to ioctl commands from the kernel. It is
+ never used to send anything to the kernel. In order to access that memory,
+ userspace must mmap() it into its address space.
+ See section 12 for more details.
+
+ Well-known Name:
+ A connection can, in addition to its implicit unique connection id, request
+ the ownership of a textual well-known name. Well-known names are noted in
+ reverse-domain notation, such as com.example.service1. Connections offering
+ a service on a bus are usually reached by its well-known name. The analogy
+ of connection id and well-known name is an IP address and a DNS name
+ associated with that address.
+
+ Message:
+ Connections can exchange messages with other connections by addressing
+ the peers with their connection id or well-known name. A message consists
+ of a message header with kernel-specific information on how to route the
+ message, and the message payload, which is a logical byte stream of
+ arbitrary size. Messages can carry additional file descriptors to be passed
+ from one connection to another. Every connection can specify which set of
+ metadata the kernel should attach to the message when it is delivered
+ to the receiving connection. Metadata contains information like: system
+ timestamps, uid, gid, tid, proc-starttime, well-known-names, process comm,
+ process exe, process argv, cgroup, capabilities, seclabel, audit session,
+ loginuid and the connection's human-readable name.
+ See section 7 and 13 for more details.
+
+ Item:
+ The API of kdbus implements a notion of items, submitted through and
+ returned by most ioctls, and stored inside data structures in the
+ connection's pool. See section 4 for more details.
+
+ Broadcast and Match:
+ Broadcast messages are potentially sent to all connections of a bus. By
+ default, the connections will not actually receive any of the sent
+ broadcast messages; only after installing a match for specific message
+ properties, a broadcast message passes this filter.
+ See section 10 for more details.
+
+ Policy:
+ A policy is a set of rules that define which connections can see, talk to,
+ or register a well-know name on the bus. A policy is attached to buses and
+ custom endpoints, and modified by policy holder connections or owners of
+ custom endpoints. See section 11 for more details.
+ See section 11 for more details.
+
+ Privileged bus users:
+ A user connecting to the bus is considered privileged if it is either the
+ creator of the bus, or if it has the CAP_IPC_OWNER capability flag set.
+
+
+2. Control Files Layout
+===============================================================================
+
+The kdbus interface is exposed through files in its kdbusfs mount point
+(defaults to /sys/fs/kdbus):
+
+ /sys/fs/kdbus (mount point of kdbusfs)
+ |-- control (domain control-file)
+ |-- 0-system (bus of user uid=0)
+ | |-- bus (default endpoint of bus '0-system')
+ | `-- ep.apache (custom endpoint of bus '0-system')
+ |-- 1000-user (bus of user uid=1000)
+ | `-- bus (default endpoint of bus '1000-user')
+ `-- 2702-user (bus of user uid=2702)
+ |-- bus (default endpoint of bus '2702-user')
+ `-- ep.app (custom endpoint of bus '2702-user')
+
+
+3. Data Structures and flags
+===============================================================================
+
+3.1 Data structures and interconnections
+----------------------------------------
+
+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | Domain (Mount Point) |
+ | /sys/fs/kdbus/control |
+ | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | Bus (System Bus) | |
+ | | /sys/fs/kdbus/0-system/ | |
+ | | +-------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | Endpoint | | Endpoint | | |
+ | | | /sys/fs/kdbus/0-system/bus | | /sys/fs/kdbus/0-system/ep.app | | |
+ | | +-------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+ | |
+ | | +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | | Connection | | Connection | | Connection | | Connection | | |
+ | | | :1.22 | | :1.25 | | :1.55 | | :1.81 | | |
+ | | +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | |
+ | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | Bus (User Bus for UID 2702) | |
+ | | /sys/fs/kdbus/2702-user/ | |
+ | | +-------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | Endpoint | | Endpoint | | |
+ | | | /sys/fs/kdbus/2702-user/bus | | /sys/fs/kdbus/2702-user/ep.app | | |
+ | | +-------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+ | |
+ | | +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
+ | | | Connection | | Connection | | Connection | | Connection | | |
+ | | | :1.22 | | :1.25 | | :1.55 | | :1.81 | | |
+ | | +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------------------------+ | |
+ | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The above description uses the D-Bus notation of unique connection names that
+adds a ":1." prefix to the connection's unique ID. kdbus itself doesn't
+use that notation, neither internally nor externally. However, libraries and
+other userspace code that aims for compatibility to D-Bus might.
+
+3.2 Flags
+---------
+
+All ioctls used in the communication with the driver contain three 64-bit
+fields: 'flags', 'kernel_flags' and 'return_flags'. All of them are specific
+to the ioctl used.
+
+In 'flags', the behavior of the command can be tweaked. All bits that are not
+recognized by the kernel in this field are rejected, and the ioctl fails with
+-EINVAL.
+
+In 'kernel_flags', the kernel driver writes back the mask of supported bits
+upon each call, and sets the KDBUS_FLAGS_KERNEL bit. This is a way to probe
+possible kernel features and make userspace code forward and backward
+compatible.
+
+In 'return_flags', the kernel can return results of the command, in addition
+to the actual return value. This is mostly to inform userspace about non-fatal
+conditions that occurred during the execution of the command.
+
+
+4. Items
+===============================================================================
+
+To flexibly augment transport structures, data blobs of type struct kdbus_item
+can be attached to the structs passed into the ioctls. Some ioctls make items
+of certain types mandatory, others are optional. Unsupported items will cause
+the ioctl to fail -EINVAL.
+
+The total size of an item is variable and is in some cases defined by the item
+type. In other cases, they can be of arbitrary length (for instance, a string).
+
+Items are also used for information stored in a connection's pool, such as
+received messages, name lists or requested connection or bus owner information.
+
+Whenever items are used as part of the kdbus kernel API, they are embedded in
+structs that have an overall size of their own, so there can be multiple items
+per ioctl.
+
+The kernel expects all items to be aligned to 8-byte boundaries. Unaligned
+items or such that are unsupported by the ioctl are rejected.
+
+A simple iterator in userspace would iterate over the items until the items
+have reached the embedding structure's overall size. An example implementation
+of such an iterator can be found in tools/testing/selftests/kdbus/kdbus-util.h.
+
+
+5. Creation of new domains, buses and endpoints
+===============================================================================
+
+
+5.1 Domains
+-----------
+
+A domain is a container of buses. Domains themselves do not provide any IPC
+functionality. Their sole purpose is to manage buses allocated in their
+domain. Each time kdbusfs is mounted, a new kdbus domain is created, with its
+own 'control' file. The lifetime of the domain ends once the user has unmounted
+the kdbusfs. If you mount kdbusfs multiple times, each will have its own kdbus
+domain internally. Operations performed on one domain do not affect any
+other domain.
+
+The full kdbusfs hierarchy, any sub-directory, or file can be bind-mounted to
+an external mount point and will remain fully functional. The kdbus domain and
+any linked resources stay available until the original mount and all subsequent
+bind-mounts have been unmounted.
+
+During creation, domains pin the user-namespace of the creator and use
+it as controlling user-namespace for this domain. Any user accounting is done
+relative to that user-namespace.
+
+Newly created kdbus domains do not have any bus pre-created. The only resource
+available is a 'control' file, which is used to manage kdbus domains.
+Currently, 'control' files are exclusively used to create buses via
+KDBUS_CMD_BUS_MAKE, but further ioctls might be added in the future.
+
+
+5.2 Buses
+---------
+
+A bus is a shared resource between connections to transmit messages. Each bus
+is independent and operations on the bus will not have any effect on other
+buses. A bus is a management entity, that controls the addresses of its
+connections, their policies and message transactions performed via this bus.
+
+Each bus is bound to the domain it was created on. It has a custom name that is
+unique across all buses of a domain. In kdbusfs, a bus is presented as a
+directory. No operations can be performed on the bus itself, instead you need
+to perform those on an endpoint associated with the bus. Endpoints are
+accessible as files underneath the bus directory. A default endpoint called
+"bus" is provided on each bus.
+
+Bus names may be chosen freely except for one restriction: the name
+must be prefixed with the numeric UID of the creator and a dash. This
+is required to avoid namespace clashes between different users. When
+creating a bus the name must be passed in properly formatted, or the
+kernel will refuse creation of the bus. Example: "1047-foobar" is an
+OK name for a bus registered by a user with UID 1047. However,
+"1024-foobar" is not, and neither is "foobar".
+The UID must be provided in the user-namespace of the parent domain.
+
+To create a new bus, you need to open the control file of a domain and run the
+KDBUS_CMD_BUS_MAKE ioctl. The control file descriptor that was used to issue
+KDBUS_CMD_BUS_MAKE must not have been used for any other control-ioctl before
+and needs to be kept open for the entire life-time of the created bus. Closing
+it will immediately cleanup the entire bus and all its associated resources and
+endpoints. Every control file descriptor can only be used to create a single
+new bus; from that point on, it is not used for any further communication until
+the final close().
+
+Each bus will generate a random, 128-bit UUID upon creation. It will be
+returned to creators of connections through kdbus_cmd_hello.id128 and can
+be used by userspace to uniquely identify buses, even across different machines
+or containers. The UUID will have its variant bits set to 'DCE', and denote
+version 4 (random).
+
+When creating buses, a variable list of items that must be passed in
+the items array is expected otherwise bus creation will fail.
+
+
+5.3 Endpoints
+-------------
+
+Endpoints are entry points to a bus. By default, each bus has a default
+endpoint called 'bus'. The bus owner has the ability to create custom
+endpoints with specific names, permissions, and policy databases (see below).
+An endpoint is presented as file underneath the directory of the parent bus.
+
+To create a custom endpoint, open the default endpoint ('bus') and use the
+KDBUS_CMD_ENDPOINT_MAKE ioctl with "struct kdbus_cmd_make". Custom endpoints
+always have a policy database that, by default, forbids any operation. You have
+to explicitly install policy entries to allow any operation on this endpoint.
+Once KDBUS_CMD_ENDPOINT_MAKE succeeded, this file descriptor will manage the
+newly created endpoint resource. It cannot be used to manage further resources.
+
+Endpoint names may be chosen freely except for one restriction: the name
+must be prefixed with the numeric UID of the creator and a dash. This
+is required to avoid namespace clashes between different users. When
+creating an endpoint the name must be passed in properly formatted, or the
+kernel will refuse creation of the endpoint. Example: "1047-foobar" is an
+OK name for an endpoint registered by a user with UID 1047. However,
+"1024-foobar" is not, and neither is "foobar".
+The UID must be provided in the user-namespace of the parent domain.
+
+To create connections to a bus, you use KDBUS_CMD_HELLO. See section 6 for
+details. Note that once KDBUS_CMD_HELLO succeeded, this file descriptor manages
+the newly created connection resource. It cannot be used to manage further
+resources.
+
+
+5.4 Creating buses and endpoints
+--------------------------------
+
+KDBUS_CMD_BUS_MAKE, and KDBUS_CMD_ENDPOINT_MAKE take a
+struct kdbus_cmd_make argument.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_make {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including its items.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ The flags for creation.
+
+ KDBUS_MAKE_ACCESS_GROUP
+ Make the bus or endpoint file group-accessible
+
+ KDBUS_MAKE_ACCESS_WORLD
+ Make the bus or endpoint file world-accessible
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ A list of items that has specific meanings for KDBUS_CMD_BUS_MAKE
+ and KDBUS_CMD_ENDPOINT_MAKE (see above).
+
+ Following items are expected for KDBUS_CMD_BUS_MAKE:
+ KDBUS_ITEM_MAKE_NAME
+ Contains a string to identify the bus name.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_PARAMETER
+ Bus-wide bloom parameters passed in a dbus_bloom_parameter struct
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_ATTACH_FLAGS_RECV
+ An optional item that contains a set of required attach flags
+ that connections must allow. This item is used as a negotiation
+ measure during connection creation. If connections do not satisfy
+ the bus requirements, they are not allowed on the bus.
+ If not set, the bus does not require any metadata to be attached,
+ in this case connections are free to set their own attach flags.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_ATTACH_FLAGS_SEND
+ An optional item that contains a set of attach flags that are
+ returned to connections when they query the bus creator metadata.
+ If not set, no metadata is returned.
+
+ Unrecognized items are rejected, and the ioctl will fail with -EINVAL.
+};
+
+
+6. Connections
+===============================================================================
+
+
+6.1 Connection IDs and well-known connection names
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+Connections are identified by their connection id, internally implemented as a
+uint64_t counter. The IDs of every newly created bus start at 1, and every new
+connection will increment the counter by 1. The ids are not reused.
+
+In higher level tools, the user visible representation of a connection is
+defined by the D-Bus protocol specification as ":1.<id>".
+
+Messages with a specific uint64_t destination id are directly delivered to
+the connection with the corresponding id. Messages with the special destination
+id KDBUS_DST_ID_BROADCAST are broadcast messages and are potentially delivered
+to all known connections on the bus; clients interested in broadcast messages
+need to subscribe to the specific messages they are interested, though before
+any broadcast message reaches them.
+
+Messages synthesized and sent directly by the kernel will carry the special
+source id KDBUS_SRC_ID_KERNEL (0).
+
+In addition to the unique uint64_t connection id, established connections can
+request the ownership of well-known names, under which they can be found and
+addressed by other bus clients. A well-known name is associated with one and
+only one connection at a time. See section 8 on name acquisition and the
+name registry, and the validity of names.
+
+Messages can specify the special destination id 0 and carry a well-known name
+in the message data. Such a message is delivered to the destination connection
+which owns that well-known name.
+
+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | +---------------+ +---------------------------+ |
+ | | Connection | | Message | -----------------+ |
+ | | :1.22 | --> | src: 22 | | |
+ | | | | dst: 25 | | |
+ | | | | | | |
+ | | | | | | |
+ | | | +---------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | | <--------------------------------------+ | |
+ | +---------------+ | | |
+ | | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------------------+ | | |
+ | | Connection | | Message | -----+ | |
+ | | :1.25 | --> | src: 25 | | |
+ | | | | dst: 0xffffffffffffffff | -------------+ | |
+ | | | | (KDBUS_DST_ID_BROADCAST) | | | |
+ | | | | | ---------+ | | |
+ | | | +---------------------------+ | | | |
+ | | | | | | |
+ | | | <--------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +---------------+ | | |
+ | | | |
+ | +---------------+ +---------------------------+ | | |
+ | | Connection | | Message | --+ | | |
+ | | :1.55 | --> | src: 55 | | | | |
+ | | | | dst: 0 / org.foo.bar | | | | |
+ | | | | | | | | |
+ | | | | | | | | |
+ | | | +---------------------------+ | | | |
+ | | | | | | |
+ | | | <------------------------------------------+ | |
+ | +---------------+ | | |
+ | | | |
+ | +---------------+ | | |
+ | | Connection | | | |
+ | | :1.81 | | | |
+ | | org.foo.bar | | | |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | <-----------------------------------+ | |
+ | | | | |
+ | | | <----------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +---------------+ |
+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+6.2 Creating connections
+------------------------
+
+A connection to a bus is created by opening an endpoint file of a bus and
+becoming an active client with the KDBUS_CMD_HELLO ioctl. Every connected client
+connection has a unique identifier on the bus and can address messages to every
+other connection on the same bus by using the peer's connection id as the
+destination.
+
+The KDBUS_CMD_HELLO ioctl takes the following struct as argument.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_hello {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including all attached items.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Flags to apply to this connection:
+
+ KDBUS_HELLO_ACCEPT_FD
+ When this flag is set, the connection can be sent file descriptors
+ as message payload. If it's not set, any attempt of doing so will
+ result in -ECOMM on the sender's side.
+
+ KDBUS_HELLO_ACTIVATOR
+ Make this connection an activator (see below). With this bit set,
+ an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_NAME has to be attached which describes
+ the well-known name this connection should be an activator for.
+
+ KDBUS_HELLO_POLICY_HOLDER
+ Make this connection a policy holder (see below). With this bit set,
+ an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_NAME has to be attached which describes
+ the well-known name this connection should hold a policy for.
+
+ KDBUS_HELLO_MONITOR
+ Make this connection an eaves-dropping connection. See section 6.8 for
+ more information.
+
+To also receive broadcast messages,
+ the connection has to upload appropriate matches as well.
+ This flag is only valid for privileged bus connections.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ __u64 attach_flags_send;
+ Set the bits for metadata this connection permits to be sent to the
+ receiving peer. Only metadata items that are both allowed to be sent by
+ the sender and that are requested by the receiver will effectively be
+ attached to the message eventually. Note, however, that the bus may
+ optionally enforce some of those bits to be set. If the match fails,
+ -ECONNREFUSED will be returned. In either case, this field will be set
+ to the mask of metadata items that are enforced by the bus. The
+ KDBUS_FLAGS_KERNEL bit will as well be set.
+
+ __u64 attach_flags_recv;
+ Request the attachment of metadata for each message received by this
+ connection. The metadata actually attached may actually augment the list
+ of requested items. See section 13 for more details.
+
+ __u64 bus_flags;
+ Upon successful completion of the ioctl, this member will contain the
+ flags of the bus it connected to.
+
+ __u64 id;
+ Upon successful completion of the ioctl, this member will contain the
+ id of the new connection.
+
+ __u64 pool_size;
+ The size of the communication pool, in bytes. The pool can be accessed
+ by calling mmap() on the file descriptor that was used to issue the
+ KDBUS_CMD_HELLO ioctl.
+
+ __u64 offset;
+ The kernel will return the offset in the pool where returned details
+ will be stored.
+
+ __u8 id128[16];
+ Upon successful completion of the ioctl, this member will contain the
+ 128 bit wide UUID of the connected bus.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Variable list of items to add optional additional information. The
+ following items are currently expected/valid:
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_CONN_DESCRIPTION
+ Contains a string to describes this connection's name, so it can be
+ identified later.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS
+ For activators and policy holders only, combinations of these two
+ items describe policy access entries (see section about policy).
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_CREDS
+ KDBUS_ITEM_PIDS
+ KDBUS_ITEM_SECLABEL
+ Privileged bus users may submit these types in order to create
+ connections with faked credentials. This information will be returned
+ when peer information is queried by KDBUS_CMD_CONN_INFO. See section
+ 13 for more information.
+
+ Items of other types are rejected, and the ioctl will fail with -EINVAL.
+};
+
+At the offset returned in the 'offset' field of struct kdbus_cmd_hello, the
+kernel will store items of the following types:
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_PARAMETER
+ Bloom filter parameter as defined by the bus creator (see below).
+
+The offset in the pool has to be freed with the KDBUS_CMD_FREE ioctl.
+
+6.3 Activator and policy holder connection
+------------------------------------------
+
+An activator connection is a placeholder for a well-known name. Messages sent
+to such a connection can be used by userspace to start an implementer
+connection, which will then get all the messages from the activator copied
+over. An activator connection cannot be used to send any message.
+
+A policy holder connection only installs a policy for one or more names.
+These policy entries are kept active as long as the connection is alive, and
+are removed once it terminates. Such a policy connection type can be used to
+deploy restrictions for names that are not yet active on the bus. A policy
+holder connection cannot be used to send any message.
+
+The creation of activator, policy holder or monitor connections is an operation
+restricted to privileged users on the bus (see section "Terminology").
+
+
+6.4 Retrieving information on a connection
+------------------------------------------
+
+The KDBUS_CMD_CONN_INFO ioctl can be used to retrieve credentials and
+properties of the initial creator of a connection. This ioctl uses the
+following struct:
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_info {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including the name with its 0-byte string
+ terminator.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Specify which metadata items should be attached to the answer.
+ See section 13 for more details.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ __u64 id;
+ The connection's numerical ID to retrieve information for. If set to
+ non-zero value, the 'name' field is ignored.
+
+ __u64 offset;
+ When the ioctl returns, this value will yield the offset of the connection
+ information inside the caller's pool.
+
+ __u64 info_size;
+ The kernel will return the size of the returned information, so applications
+ can optionally mmap specific parts of the pool.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ The optional item list, containing the well-known name to look up as
+ a KDBUS_ITEM_OWNED_NAME. Only required if the 'id' field is set to 0.
+ Items of other types are rejected, and the ioctl will fail with -EINVAL.
+};
+
+After the ioctl returns, the following struct will be stored in the caller's
+pool at 'offset'.
+
+struct kdbus_info {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including all its items.
+
+ __u64 id;
+ The connection's unique ID.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ The connection's flags as specified when it was created.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Depending on the 'flags' field in struct kdbus_cmd_info, items of
+ types KDBUS_ITEM_OWNED_NAME and KDBUS_ITEM_CONN_DESCRIPTION are followed
+ here.
+};
+
+Once the caller is finished with parsing the return buffer, it needs to call
+KDBUS_CMD_FREE for the offset.
+
+
+6.5 Getting information about a connection's bus creator
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+The KDBUS_CMD_BUS_CREATOR_INFO ioctl takes the same struct as
+KDBUS_CMD_CONN_INFO but is used to retrieve information about the creator of
+the bus the connection is attached to. The metadata returned by this call is
+collected during the creation of the bus and is never altered afterwards, so
+it provides pristine information on the task that created the bus, at the
+moment when it did so.
+
+In response to this call, a slice in the connection's pool is allocated and
+filled with an object of type struct kdbus_info, pointed to by the ioctl's
+'offset' field.
+
+struct kdbus_info {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including all its items.
+
+ __u64 id;
+ The bus ID
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ The bus flags as specified when it was created.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Metadata information is stored in items here. The item list contains
+ a KDBUS_ITEM_MAKE_NAME item that indicates the bus name of the
+ calling connection.
+};
+
+Once the caller is finished with parsing the return buffer, it needs to call
+KDBUS_CMD_FREE for the offset.
+
+
+6.6 Updating connection details
+-------------------------------
+
+Some of a connection's details can be updated with the KDBUS_CMD_CONN_UPDATE
+ioctl, using the file descriptor that was used to create the connection.
+The update command uses the following struct.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_update {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including all its items.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Currently no flags are supported. Reserved for future use.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Items to describe the connection details to be updated. The following item
+ types are supported:
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_ATTACH_FLAGS_SEND
+ Supply a new set of items that this connection permits to be sent along
+ with messages.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_ATTACH_FLAGS_RECV
+ Supply a new set of items to be attached to each message.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS
+ Policy holder connections may supply a new set of policy information
+ with these items. For other connection types, -EOPNOTSUPP is returned.
+
+ Items of other types are rejected, and the ioctl will fail with -EINVAL.
+};
+
+
+6.7 Termination
+---------------
+
+A connection can be terminated by simply closing its file descriptor. All
+pending incoming messages will be discarded, and the memory in the pool will
+be freed.
+
+An alternative way of closing down a connection is calling the KDBUS_CMD_BYEBYE
+ioctl on it, which will only succeed if the message queue of the connection is
+empty at the time of closing, otherwise, -EBUSY is returned.
+
+When this ioctl returns successfully, the connection has been terminated and
+won't accept any new messages from remote peers. This way, a connection can
+be terminated race-free, without losing any messages.
+
+
+6.8 Monitor connections ('eavesdropper')
+----------------------------------------
+
+Eavesdropping connections are created by setting the KDBUS_HELLO_MONITOR flag
+in struct kdbus_hello.flags. Such connections have all properties of any other,
+regular connection, except for the following details:
+
+ * They will get every message sent over the bus, both unicasts and broadcasts
+
+ * Installing matches for broadcast messages is neither necessary nor allowed
+
+ * They cannot send messages or be directly addressed as receiver
+
+ * Their creation and destruction will not cause KDBUS_ITEM_ID_{ADD,REMOVE}
+ notifications to be generated, so other connections cannot detect the
+ presence of an eavesdropper.
+
+
+7. Messages
+===============================================================================
+
+Messages consist of a fixed-size header followed directly by a list of
+variable-sized data 'items'. The overall message size is specified in the
+header of the message. The chain of data items can contain well-defined
+message metadata fields, raw data, references to data, or file descriptors.
+
+
+7.1 Sending messages
+--------------------
+
+Messages are passed to the kernel with the KDBUS_CMD_SEND ioctl. Depending
+on the destination address of the message, the kernel delivers the message to
+the specific destination connection or to all connections on the same bus.
+Sending messages across buses is not possible. Messages are always queued in
+the memory pool of the destination connection (see below).
+
+The KDBUS_CMD_SEND ioctl uses struct kdbus_cmd_send to describe the message
+transfer.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_send {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including the attached items.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Flags for message delivery:
+
+ KDBUS_SEND_SYNC_REPLY
+ By default, all calls to kdbus are considered asynchronous,
+ non-blocking. However, as there are many use cases that need to wait
+ for a remote peer to answer a method call, there's a way to send a
+ message and wait for a reply in a synchronous fashion. This is what
+ the KDBUS_MSG_SYNC_REPLY controls. The KDBUS_CMD_SEND ioctl will block
+ until the reply has arrived, the timeout limit is reached, in case the
+ remote connection was shut down, or if interrupted by a signal before
+ any reply; see signal(7).
+
+ The offset of the reply message in the sender's pool is stored in in
+ 'offset_reply' when the ioctl has returned without error. Hence, there
+ is no need for another KDBUS_CMD_RECV ioctl or anything else to receive
+ the reply.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call of
+ KDBUS_CMD_SEND.
+
+ __u64 kernel_msg_flags;
+ Valid bits for message flags, returned by the kernel upon each call of
+ KDBUS_CMD_SEND.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Kernel-provided flags, returning non-fatal errors that occurred during
+ send. Currently unused.
+
+ __u64 msg_address;
+ Userspace has to provide a pointer to a message (struct kdbus_msg) to send.
+
+ struct kdbus_msg_info reply;
+ Only used for synchronous replies. See description of struct kdbus_cmd_recv
+ for more details.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ The following items are currently recognized:
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_CANCEL_FD
+ When this optional item is passed in, and the call is executed as SYNC
+ call, the passed in file descriptor can be used as alternative
+ cancellation point. The kernel will call poll() on this file descriptor,
+ and if it reports any incoming bytes, the blocking send operation will
+ be canceled, and the call will return -ECANCELED. Any type of file
+ descriptor that implements poll() can be used as payload to this item.
+ For asynchronous message sending, this item is accepted but ignored.
+
+ All other items are rejected, and the ioctl will fail with -EINVAL.
+};
+
+The message referenced by 'msg_address' above has the following layout.
+
+struct kdbus_msg {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including the attached items.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ KDBUS_MSG_EXPECT_REPLY
+ Expect a reply from the remote peer to this message. With this bit set,
+ the timeout_ns field must be set to a non-zero number of nanoseconds in
+ which the receiving peer is expected to reply. If such a reply is not
+ received in time, the sender will be notified with a timeout message
+ (see below). The value must be an absolute value, in nanoseconds and
+ based on CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
+
+ For a message to be accepted as reply, it must be a direct message to
+ the original sender (not a broadcast), and its kdbus_msg.reply_cookie
+ must match the previous message's kdbus_msg.cookie.
+
+ Expected replies also temporarily open the policy of the sending
+ connection, so the other peer is allowed to respond within the given
+ time window.
+
+ KDBUS_MSG_NO_AUTO_START
+ By default, when a message is sent to an activator connection, the
+ activator notified and will start an implementer. This flag inhibits
+ that behavior. With this bit set, and the remote being an activator,
+ -EADDRNOTAVAIL is returned from the ioctl.
+
+ __s64 priority;
+ The priority of this message. Receiving messages (see below) may
+ optionally be constrained to messages of a minimal priority. This
+ allows for use cases where timing critical data is interleaved with
+ control data on the same connection. If unused, the priority should be
+ set to zero.
+
+ __u64 dst_id;
+ The numeric ID of the destination connection, or KDBUS_DST_ID_BROADCAST
+ (~0ULL) to address every peer on the bus, or KDBUS_DST_ID_NAME (0) to look
+ it up dynamically from the bus' name registry. In the latter case, an item
+ of type KDBUS_ITEM_DST_NAME is mandatory.
+
+ __u64 src_id;
+ Upon return of the ioctl, this member will contain the sending
+ connection's numerical ID. Should be 0 at send time.
+
+ __u64 payload_type;
+ Type of the payload in the actual data records. Currently, only
+ KDBUS_PAYLOAD_DBUS is accepted as input value of this field. When
+ receiving messages that are generated by the kernel (notifications),
+ this field will yield KDBUS_PAYLOAD_KERNEL.
+
+ __u64 cookie;
+ Cookie of this message, for later recognition. Also, when replying
+ to a message (see above), the cookie_reply field must match this value.
+
+ __u64 timeout_ns;
+ If the message sent requires a reply from the remote peer (see above),
+ this field contains the timeout in absolute nanoseconds based on
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
+
+ __u64 cookie_reply;
+ If the message sent is a reply to another message, this field must
+ match the cookie of the formerly received message.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ A dynamically sized list of items to contain additional information.
+ The following items are expected/valid:
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_PAYLOAD_VEC
+ KDBUS_ITEM_PAYLOAD_MEMFD
+ KDBUS_ITEM_FDS
+ Actual data records containing the payload. See section "Passing of
+ Payload Data".
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_FILTER
+ Bloom filter for matches (see below).
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_DST_NAME
+ Well-known name to send this message to. Required if dst_id is set
+ to KDBUS_DST_ID_NAME. If a connection holding the given name can't
+ be found, -ESRCH is returned.
+ For messages to a unique name (ID), this item is optional. If present,
+ the kernel will make sure the name owner matches the given unique name.
+ This allows userspace tie the message sending to the condition that a
+ name is currently owned by a certain unique name.
+};
+
+The message will be augmented by the requested metadata items when queued into
+the receiver's pool. See also section 13.2 ("Metadata and namespaces").
+
+
+7.2 Message layout
+------------------
+
+The layout of a message is shown below.
+
+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | Message |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | Header | |
+ | | size: overall message size, including the data records | |
+ | | destination: connection id of the receiver | |
+ | | source: connection id of the sender (set by kernel) | |
+ | | payload_type: "DBusDBus" textual identifier stored as uint64_t | |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | Data Record | |
+ | | size: overall record size (without padding) | |
+ | | type: type of data | |
+ | | data: reference to data (address or file descriptor) | |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | padding bytes to the next 8 byte alignment | |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | Data Record | |
+ | | size: overall record size (without padding) | |
+ | | ... | |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | padding bytes to the next 8 byte alignment | |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | | Data Record | |
+ | | size: overall record size | |
+ | | ... | |
+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | ... further data records ... |
+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+7.3 Passing of Payload Data
+---------------------------
+
+When connecting to the bus, receivers request a memory pool of a given size,
+large enough to carry all backlog of data enqueued for the connection. The
+pool is internally backed by a shared memory file which can be mmap()ed by
+the receiver.
+
+KDBUS_MSG_PAYLOAD_VEC:
+ Messages are directly copied by the sending process into the receiver's pool,
+ that way two peers can exchange data by effectively doing a single-copy from
+ one process to another, the kernel will not buffer the data anywhere else.
+
+KDBUS_MSG_PAYLOAD_MEMFD:
+ Messages can reference memfd files which contain the data.
+ memfd files are tmpfs-backed files that allow sealing of the content of the
+ file, which prevents all writable access to the file content.
+ Only memfds that have (F_SEAL_SHRINK|F_SEAL_GROW|F_SEAL_WRITE|F_SEAL_SEAL) set
+ are accepted as payload data, which enforces reliable passing of data.
+ The receiver can assume that neither the sender nor anyone else can alter the
+ content after the message is sent.
+ Apart from the sender filling-in the content into memfd files, the data will
+ be passed as zero-copy from one process to another, read-only, shared between
+ the peers.
+
+The sender must not make any assumptions on the type how data is received by the
+remote peer. The kernel is free to re-pack multiple VEC and MEMFD payloads. For
+instance, the kernel may decide to merge multiple VECs into a single VEC, inline
+MEMFD payloads into memory or merge all passed VECs into a single MEMFD.
+However, the kernel preserves the order of passed data. This means, the order of
+all VEC and MEMFD items is not changed in respect to each other.
+
+In other words: All passed VEC and MEMFD data payloads are treated as a single
+stream of data that may be received by the remote peer in a different set of
+hunks than it was sent as.
+
+
+7.4 Receiving messages
+----------------------
+
+Messages are received by the client with the KDBUS_CMD_RECV ioctl. The endpoint
+file of the bus supports poll() to wake up the receiving process when new
+messages are queued up to be received.
+
+With the KDBUS_CMD_RECV ioctl, a struct kdbus_cmd_recv is used.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_recv {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including the attached items.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Flags to control the receive command.
+
+ KDBUS_RECV_PEEK
+ Just return the location of the next message. Do not install file
+ descriptors or anything else. This is usually used to determine the
+ sender of the next queued message.
+
+ KDBUS_RECV_DROP
+ Drop the next message without doing anything else with it, and free the
+ pool slice. This a short-cut for KDBUS_RECV_PEEK and KDBUS_CMD_FREE.
+
+ KDBUS_RECV_USE_PRIORITY
+ Use the priority field (see below).
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Kernel-provided flags, returning non-fatal errors that occurred during
+ send. Currently unused.
+
+ __s64 priority;
+ With KDBUS_RECV_USE_PRIORITY set in flags, receive the next message in
+ the queue with at least the given priority. If no such message is waiting
+ in the queue, -ENOMSG is returned.
+
+ __u64 dropped_msgs;
+ If the CMD_RECV ioctl fails with EOVERFLOW, this field is filled by
+ the kernel with the number of messages that couldn't be transmitted to
+ this connection. In that case, the @offset member must not be accessed.
+
+ struct kdbus_msg_info msg;
+ Embedded struct to be filled when the command succeeded (see below).
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Items to specify further details for the receive command. Currently unused.
+};
+
+Both 'struct kdbus_cmd_recv' and 'struct kdbus_cmd_send' embed 'struct
+kdbus_msg_info'. For the SEND ioctl, it is used to catch synchronous replies,
+if one was requested, and is unused otherwise.
+
+struct kdbus_msg_info {
+ __u64 offset;
+ Upon return of the ioctl, this field contains the offset in the receiver's
+ memory pool. The memory must be freed with KDBUS_CMD_FREE.
+
+ __u64 msg_size;
+ Upon successful return of the ioctl, this field contains the size of the
+ allocated slice at offset @offset. It is the combination of the size of
+ the stored kdbus_msg object plus all appended VECs. You can use it in
+ combination with @offset to map a single message, instead of mapping the
+ whole pool.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Kernel-provided return flags. Currently, the following flags are defined.
+
+ KDBUS_RECV_RETURN_INCOMPLETE_FDS
+ The message contained file descriptors which couldn't be installed
+ into the receiver's task. Most probably that happened because the
+ maximum number of file descriptors for that task were exceeded.
+ The message is still delivered, so this is not a fatal condition.
+ File descriptors inside the KDBUS_ITEM_FDS item that could not be
+ installed will be set to -1.
+};
+
+Unless KDBUS_RECV_DROP was passed, and given that the ioctl succeeded, the
+offset field contains the location of the new message inside the receiver's
+pool. The message is stored as struct kdbus_msg at this offset, and can be
+interpreted with the semantics described above.
+
+Also, if the connection allowed for file descriptor to be passed
+(KDBUS_HELLO_ACCEPT_FD), and if the message contained any, they will be
+installed into the receiving process after the KDBUS_CMD_RECV ioctl returns.
+The receiving task is obliged to close all of them appropriately. If
+KDBUS_RECV_PEEK is set, no file descriptors are installed. This allows for
+peeking at a message and dropping it via KDBUS_RECV_DROP, without installing
+the passed file descriptors into the receiving process.
+
+The caller is obliged to call KDBUS_CMD_FREE with the returned offset when
+the memory is no longer needed.
+
+
+8. Name registry
+===============================================================================
+
+Each bus instantiates a name registry to resolve well-known names into unique
+connection IDs for message delivery. The registry will be queried when a
+message is sent with kdbus_msg.dst_id set to KDBUS_DST_ID_NAME, or when a
+registry dump is requested.
+
+All of the below is subject to policy rules for SEE and OWN permissions.
+
+
+8.1 Name validity
+-----------------
+
+A name has to comply to the following rules to be considered valid:
+
+ - The name has two or more elements separated by a period ('.') character
+ - All elements must contain at least one character
+ - Each element must only contain the ASCII characters "[A-Z][a-z][0-9]_"
+ and must not begin with a digit
+ - The name must contain at least one '.' (period) character
+ (and thus at least two elements)
+ - The name must not begin with a '.' (period) character
+ - The name must not exceed KDBUS_NAME_MAX_LEN (255)
+
+
+8.2 Acquiring a name
+--------------------
+
+To acquire a name, a client uses the KDBUS_CMD_NAME_ACQUIRE ioctl with the
+following data structure.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_name {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of this struct, including the name with its 0-byte string
+ terminator.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Flags to control details in the name acquisition.
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_REPLACE_EXISTING
+ Acquiring a name that is already present usually fails, unless this flag
+ is set in the call, and KDBUS_NAME_ALLOW_REPLACEMENT or (see below) was
+ set when the current owner of the name acquired it, or if the current
+ owner is an activator connection (see below).
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_ALLOW_REPLACEMENT
+ Allow other connections to take over this name. When this happens, the
+ former owner of the connection will be notified of the name loss.
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_QUEUE (acquire)
+ A name that is already acquired by a connection, and which wasn't
+ requested with the KDBUS_NAME_ALLOW_REPLACEMENT flag set can not be
+ acquired again. However, a connection can put itself in a queue of
+ connections waiting for the name to be released. Once that happens, the
+ first connection in that queue becomes the new owner and is notified
+ accordingly.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Items to submit the name. Currently, one item of type KDBUS_ITEM_NAME is
+ expected and allowed, and the contained string must be a valid bus name.
+ Items of other types are rejected, and the ioctl will fail with -EINVAL.
+};
+
+
+8.3 Releasing a name
+--------------------
+
+A connection may release a name explicitly with the KDBUS_CMD_NAME_RELEASE
+ioctl. If the connection was an implementer of an activatable name, its
+pending messages are moved back to the activator. If there are any connections
+queued up as waiters for the name, the oldest one of them will become the new
+owner. The same happens implicitly for all names once a connection terminates.
+
+The KDBUS_CMD_NAME_RELEASE ioctl uses the same data structure as the
+acquisition call, but with slightly different field usage.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_name {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of this struct, including the name with its 0-byte string
+ terminator.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Flags to the command. Currently unused.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Items to submit the name. Currently, one item of type KDBUS_ITEM_NAME is
+ expected and allowed, and the contained string must be a valid bus name.
+};
+
+
+8.4 Dumping the name registry
+-----------------------------
+
+A connection may request a complete or filtered dump of currently active bus
+names with the KDBUS_CMD_NAME_LIST ioctl, which takes a struct
+kdbus_cmd_name_list as argument.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_name_list {
+ __u64 flags;
+ Any combination of flags to specify which names should be dumped.
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_LIST_UNIQUE
+ List the unique (numeric) IDs of the connection, whether it owns a name
+ or not.
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_LIST_NAMES
+ List well-known names stored in the database which are actively owned by
+ a real connection (not an activator).
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_LIST_ACTIVATORS
+ List names that are owned by an activator.
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_LIST_QUEUED
+ List connections that are not yet owning a name but are waiting for it
+ to become available.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ __u64 offset;
+ When the ioctl returns successfully, the offset to the name registry dump
+ inside the connection's pool will be stored in this field.
+};
+
+The returned list of names is stored in a struct kdbus_name_list that in turn
+contains a dynamic number of struct kdbus_cmd_name that carry the actual
+information. The fields inside that struct kdbus_cmd_name is described next.
+
+struct kdbus_name_info {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of this struct, including the name with its 0-byte string
+ terminator.
+
+ __u64 owner_id;
+ The owning connection's unique ID.
+
+ __u64 conn_flags;
+ The flags of the owning connection.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Items containing the actual name. Currently, one item of type
+ KDBUS_ITEM_OWNED_NAME will be attached, including the name's flags. In that
+ item, the flags field of the name may carry the following bits:
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_ALLOW_REPLACEMENT
+ Other connections are allowed to take over this name from the
+ connection that owns it.
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_IN_QUEUE (list)
+ When retrieving a list of currently acquired name in the registry, this
+ flag indicates whether the connection actually owns the name or is
+ currently waiting for it to become available.
+
+ KDBUS_NAME_ACTIVATOR (list)
+ An activator connection owns a name as a placeholder for an implementer,
+ which is started on demand as soon as the first message arrives. There's
+ some more information on this topic below. In contrast to
+ KDBUS_NAME_REPLACE_EXISTING, when a name is taken over from an activator
+ connection, all the messages that have been queued in the activator
+ connection will be moved over to the new owner. The activator connection
+ will still be tracked for the name and will take control again if the
+ implementer connection terminates.
+ This flag can not be used when acquiring a name, but is implicitly set
+ through KDBUS_CMD_HELLO with KDBUS_HELLO_ACTIVATOR set in
+ kdbus_cmd_hello.conn_flags.
+};
+
+The returned buffer must be freed with the KDBUS_CMD_FREE ioctl when the user
+is finished with it.
+
+
+9. Notifications
+===============================================================================
+
+The kernel will notify its users of the following events.
+
+ * When connection A is terminated while connection B is waiting for a reply
+ from it, connection B is notified with a message with an item of type
+ KDBUS_ITEM_REPLY_DEAD.
+
+ * When connection A does not receive a reply from connection B within the
+ specified timeout window, connection A will receive a message with an item
+ of type KDBUS_ITEM_REPLY_TIMEOUT.
+
+ * When an ordinary connection (not a monitor) is created on or removed from
+ a bus, messages with an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_ID_ADD or
+ KDBUS_ITEM_ID_REMOVE, respectively, are sent to all bus members that match
+ these messages through their match database. Eavesdroppers (monitor
+ connections) do not cause such notifications to be sent. They are invisible
+ on the bus.
+
+ * When a connection gains or loses ownership of a name, messages with an item
+ of type KDBUS_ITEM_NAME_ADD, KDBUS_ITEM_NAME_REMOVE or
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME_CHANGE are sent to all bus members that match these
+ messages through their match database.
+
+A kernel notification is a regular kdbus message with the following details.
+
+ * kdbus_msg.src_id == KDBUS_SRC_ID_KERNEL
+ * kdbus_msg.dst_id == KDBUS_DST_ID_BROADCAST
+ * kdbus_msg.payload_type == KDBUS_PAYLOAD_KERNEL
+ * Has exactly one of the aforementioned items attached
+
+Kernel notifications have an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_TIMESTAMP attached.
+
+
+10. Message Matching, Bloom filters
+===============================================================================
+
+10.1 Matches for broadcast messages from other connections
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+A message addressed at the connection ID KDBUS_DST_ID_BROADCAST (~0ULL) is a
+broadcast message, delivered to all connected peers which installed a rule to
+match certain properties of the message. Without any rules installed in the
+connection, no broadcast message or kernel-side notifications will be delivered
+to the connection. Broadcast messages are subject to policy rules and TALK
+access checks.
+
+See section 11 for details on policies, and section 11.5 for more
+details on implicit policies.
+
+Matches for messages from other connections (not kernel notifications) are
+implemented as bloom filters. The sender adds certain properties of the message
+as elements to a bloom filter bit field, and sends that along with the
+broadcast message.
+
+The connection adds the message properties it is interested as elements to a
+bloom mask bit field, and uploads the mask to the match rules of the
+connection.
+
+The kernel will match the broadcast message's bloom filter against the
+connections bloom mask (simply by &-ing it), and decide whether the message
+should be delivered to the connection.
+
+The kernel has no notion of any specific properties of the message, all it
+sees are the bit fields of the bloom filter and mask to match against. The
+use of bloom filters allows simple and efficient matching, without exposing
+any message properties or internals to the kernel side. Clients need to deal
+with the fact that they might receive broadcasts which they did not subscribe
+to, as the bloom filter might allow false-positives to pass the filter.
+
+To allow the future extension of the set of elements in the bloom filter, the
+filter specifies a "generation" number. A later generation must always contain
+all elements of the set of the previous generation, but can add new elements
+to the set. The match rules mask can carry an array with all previous
+generations of masks individually stored. When the filter and mask are matched
+by the kernel, the mask with the closest matching "generation" is selected
+as the index into the mask array.
+
+
+10.2 Matches for kernel notifications
+------------------------------------
+
+To receive kernel generated notifications (see section 9), a connection must
+install special match rules that are different from the bloom filter matches
+described in the section above. They can be filtered by a sender connection's
+ID, by one of the name the sender connection owns at the time of sending the
+message, or by type of the notification (id/name add/remove/change).
+
+10.3 Adding a match
+-------------------
+
+To add a match, the KDBUS_CMD_MATCH_ADD ioctl is used, which takes a struct
+of the struct described below.
+
+Note that each of the items attached to this command will internally create
+one match 'rule', and the collection of them, which is submitted as one block
+via the ioctl is called a 'match'. To allow a message to pass, all rules of a
+match have to be satisfied. Hence, adding more items to the command will only
+narrow the possibility of a match to effectively let the message pass, and will
+cause the connection's user space process to wake up less likely.
+
+Multiple matches can be installed per connection. As long as one of it has a
+set of rules which allows the message to pass, this one will be decisive.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_match {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct, including its items.
+
+ __u64 cookie;
+ A cookie which identifies the match, so it can be referred to at removal
+ time.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Flags to control the behavior of the ioctl.
+
+ KDBUS_MATCH_REPLACE:
+ Remove all entries with the given cookie before installing the new one.
+ This allows for race-free replacement of matches.
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Items to define the actual rules of the matches. The following item types
+ are expected. Each item will cause one new match rule to be created.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_MASK
+ An item that carries the bloom filter mask to match against in its
+ data field. The payload size must match the bloom filter size that
+ was specified when the bus was created.
+ See section 10.4 for more information.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME
+ Specify a name that a sending connection must own at a time of sending
+ a broadcast message in order to match this rule.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_ID
+ Specify a sender connection's ID that will match this rule.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME_ADD
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME_REMOVE
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME_CHANGE
+ These items request delivery of broadcast messages that describe a name
+ acquisition, loss, or change. The details are stored in the item's
+ kdbus_notify_name_change member. All information specified must be
+ matched in order to make the message pass. Use KDBUS_MATCH_ID_ANY to
+ match against any unique connection ID.
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_ID_ADD
+ KDBUS_ITEM_ID_REMOVE
+ These items request delivery of broadcast messages that are generated
+ when a connection is created or terminated. struct kdbus_notify_id_change
+ is used to store the actual match information. This item can be used to
+ monitor one particular connection ID, or, when the id field is set to
+ KDBUS_MATCH_ID_ANY, all of them.
+
+ Items of other types are rejected, and the ioctl will fail with -EINVAL.
+};
+
+
+10.4 Bloom filters
+------------------
+
+Bloom filters allow checking whether a given word is present in a dictionary.
+This allows connections to set up a mask for information it is interested in,
+and will be delivered signal messages that have a matching filter.
+
+For general information on bloom filters, see
+
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter
+
+The size of the bloom filter is defined per bus when it is created, in
+kdbus_bloom_parameter.size. All bloom filters attached to signals on the bus
+must match this size, and all bloom filter matches uploaded by connections must
+also match the size, or a multiple thereof (see below).
+
+The calculation of the mask has to be done on the userspace side. The kernel
+just checks the bitmasks to decide whether or not to let the message pass. All
+bits in the mask must match the filter in and bit-wise AND logic, but the
+mask may have more bits set than the filter. Consequently, false positive
+matches are expected to happen, and userspace must deal with that fact.
+
+Masks are entities that are always passed to the kernel as part of a match
+(with an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_MASK), and filters can be attached to
+signals, with an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_FILTER.
+
+For a filter to match, all its bits have to be set in the match mask as well.
+For example, consider a bus has a bloom size of 8 bytes, and the following
+mask/filter combinations:
+
+ filter 0x0101010101010101
+ mask 0x0101010101010101
+ -> matches
+
+ filter 0x0303030303030303
+ mask 0x0101010101010101
+ -> doesn't match
+
+ filter 0x0101010101010101
+ mask 0x0303030303030303
+ -> matches
+
+Hence, in order to catch all messages, a mask filled with 0xff bytes can be
+installed as a wildcard match rule.
+
+Uploaded matches may contain multiple masks, each of which in the size of the
+bloom size defined by the bus. Each block of a mask is called a 'generation',
+starting at index 0.
+
+At match time, when a signal is about to be delivered, a bloom mask generation
+is passed, which denotes which of the bloom masks the filter should be matched
+against. This allows userspace to provide backward compatible masks at upload
+time, while older clients can still match against older versions of filters.
+
+
+10.5 Removing a match
+--------------------
+
+Matches can be removed through the KDBUS_CMD_MATCH_REMOVE ioctl, which again
+takes struct kdbus_cmd_match as argument, but its fields are used slightly
+differently.
+
+struct kdbus_cmd_match {
+ __u64 size;
+ The overall size of the struct. As it has no items in this use case, the
+ value should yield 16.
+
+ __u64 cookie;
+ The cookie of the match, as it was passed when the match was added.
+ All matches that have this cookie will be removed.
+
+ __u64 flags;
+ Unused for this use case,
+
+ __u64 kernel_flags;
+ Valid flags for this command, returned by the kernel upon each call.
+
+ __u64 return_flags;
+ Flags returned by the kernel. Currently unused.
+
+ struct kdbus_item items[0];
+ Unused und not allowed for this use case.
+};
+
+
+11. Policy
+===============================================================================
+
+A policy databases restrict the possibilities of connections to own, see and
+talk to well-known names. It can be associated with a bus (through a policy
+holder connection) or a custom endpoint.
+
+See section 8.1 for more details on the validity of well-known names.
+
+Default endpoints of buses always have a policy database. The default
+policy is to deny all operations except for operations that are covered by
+implicit policies. Custom endpoints always have a policy, and by default,
+a policy database is empty. Therefore, unless policy rules are added, all
+operations will also be denied by default.
+
+See section 11.5 for more details on implicit policies.
+
+A set of policy rules is described by a name and multiple access rules, defined
+by the following struct.
+
+struct kdbus_policy_access {
+ __u64 type; /* USER, GROUP, WORLD */
+ One of the following.
+
+ KDBUS_POLICY_ACCESS_USER
+ Grant access to a user with the uid stored in the 'id' field.
+
+ KDBUS_POLICY_ACCESS_GROUP
+ Grant access to a user with the gid stored in the 'id' field.
+
+ KDBUS_POLICY_ACCESS_WORLD
+ Grant access to everyone. The 'id' field is ignored.
+
+ __u64 access; /* OWN, TALK, SEE */
+ The access to grant.
+
+ KDBUS_POLICY_SEE
+ Allow the name to be seen.
+
+ KDBUS_POLICY_TALK
+ Allow the name to be talked to.
+
+ KDBUS_POLICY_OWN
+ Allow the name to be owned.
+
+ __u64 id;
+ For KDBUS_POLICY_ACCESS_USER, stores the uid.
+ For KDBUS_POLICY_ACCESS_GROUP, stores the gid.
+};
+
+Policies are set through KDBUS_CMD_HELLO (when creating a policy holder
+connection), KDBUS_CMD_CONN_UPDATE (when updating a policy holder connection),
+KDBUS_CMD_ENDPOINT_MAKE (creating a custom endpoint) or
+KDBUS_CMD_ENDPOINT_UPDATE (updating a custom endpoint). In all cases, the name
+and policy access information is stored in items of type KDBUS_ITEM_NAME and
+KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS. For this transport, the following rules apply.
+
+ * An item of type KDBUS_ITEM_NAME must be followed by at least one
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS item
+ * An item of type KDBUS_ITEM_NAME can be followed by an arbitrary number of
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS items
+ * An arbitrary number of groups of names and access levels can be passed
+
+uids and gids are internally always stored in the kernel's view of global ids,
+and are translated back and forth on the ioctl level accordingly.
+
+
+11.2 Wildcard names
+-------------------
+
+Policy holder connections may upload names that contain the wild card suffix
+(".*"). That way, a policy can be uploaded that is effective for every
+well-known name that extends the provided name by exactly one more level.
+
+For example, if an item of a set up uploaded policy rules contains the name
+"foo.bar.*", both "foo.bar.baz" and "foo.bar.bazbaz" are valid, but
+"foo.bar.baz.baz" is not.
+
+This allows connections to take control over multiple names that the policy
+holder doesn't need to know about when uploading the policy.
+
+Such wildcard entries are not allowed for custom endpoints.
+
+
+11.3 Policy example
+-------------------
+
+For example, a set of policy rules may look like this:
+
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME: str='org.foo.bar'
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS: type=USER, access=OWN, id=1000
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS: type=USER, access=TALK, id=1001
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS: type=WORLD, access=SEE
+ KDBUS_ITEM_NAME: str='org.blah.baz'
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS: type=USER, access=OWN, id=0
+ KDBUS_ITEM_POLICY_ACCESS: type=WORLD, access=TALK
+
+That means that 'org.foo.bar' may only be owned by uid 1000, but every user on
+the bus is allowed to see the name. However, only uid 1001 may actually send
+a message to the connection and receive a reply from it.
+
+The second rule allows 'org.blah.baz' to be owned by uid 0 only, but every user
+may talk to it.
+
+
+11.4 TALK access and multiple well-known names per connection
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that TALK access is checked against all names of a connection.
+For example, if a connection owns both 'org.foo.bar' and 'org.blah.baz', and
+the policy database allows 'org.blah.baz' to be talked to by WORLD, then this
+permission is also granted to 'org.foo.bar'. That might sound illogical, but
+after all, we allow messages to be directed to either the ID or a well-known
+name, and policy is applied to the connection, not the name. In other words,
+the effective TALK policy for a connection is the most permissive of all names
+the connection owns.
+
+For broadcast messages, the receiver needs TALK permissions to the sender to
+receive the broadcast.
+
+If a policy database exists for a bus (because a policy holder created one on
+demand) or for a custom endpoint (which always has one), each one is consulted
+during name registry listing, name owning or message delivery. If either one
+fails, the operation is failed with -EPERM.
+
+For best practices, connections that own names with a restricted TALK
+access should not install matches. This avoids cases where the sent
+message may pass the bloom filter due to false-positives and may also
+satisfy the policy rules.
+
+
+11.5 Implicit policies
+----------------------
+
+Depending on the type of the endpoint, a set of implicit rules that
+override installed policies might be enforced.
+
+On default endpoints, the following set is enforced and checked before
+any user-supplied policy is checked.
+
+ * Privileged connections always override any installed policy. Those
+ connections could easily install their own policies, so there is no
+ reason to enforce installed policies.
+ * Connections can always talk to connections of the same user. This
+ includes broadcast messages.
+
+Custom endpoints have stricter policies. The following rules apply:
+
+ * Policy rules are always enforced, even if the connection is a privileged
+ connection.
+ * Policy rules are always enforced for TALK access, even if both ends are
+ running under the same user. This includes broadcast messages.
+ * To restrict the set of names that can be seen, endpoint policies can
+ install "SEE" policies.
+
+
+12. Pool
+===============================================================================
+
+A pool for data received from the kernel is installed for every connection of
+the bus, and is sized according to the information stored in the
+KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_PARAMETER item that is returned by KDBUS_CMD_HELLO.
+
+The pool is written to by the kernel when one of the following ioctls is issued:
+
+ * KDBUS_CMD_HELLO, to receive details about the bus the connection was made to
+ * KDBUS_CMD_RECV, to receive a message
+ * KDBUS_CMD_NAME_LIST, to dump the name registry
+ * KDBUS_CMD_CONN_INFO, to retrieve information on a connection
+
+The offsets returned by either one of the aforementioned ioctls describe offsets
+inside the pool. In order to make the slice available for subsequent calls,
+KDBUS_CMD_FREE has to be called on the offset.
+
+To access the memory, the caller is expected to mmap() it to its task, like
+this:
+
+ /*
+ * POOL_SIZE has to be a multiple of PAGE_SIZE, and it must match the
+ * value that was previously returned through the KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_PARAMETER
+ * item field when the KDBUS_CMD_HELLO ioctl returned.
+ */
+
+ buf = mmap(NULL, POOL_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, conn_fd, 0);
+
+Alternatively, instead of mapping the entire pool buffer, only parts of it can
+be mapped. The length of the response is returned by the kernel along with the
+offset for each of the ioctls listed above.
+
+
+13. Metadata
+===============================================================================
+
+kdbus records data about the system in certain situations. Such metadata can
+refer to the currently active process (creds, PIDs, current user groups, process
+names and its executable path, cgroup membership, capabilities, security label
+and audit information), connection information (description string, currently
+owned names) and the timestamp.
+
+Metadata is collected in the following circumstances:
+
+ * When a bus is created (KDBUS_CMD_MAKE), information about the calling task
+ is collected. This data is returned by the kernel via the
+ KDBUS_CMD_BUS_CREATOR_INFO call-
+
+ * When a connection is created (KDBUS_CMD_HELLO), information about the
+ calling task is collected. Alternatively, a privileged connection may
+ provide 'faked' information about credentials, PIDs and a security labels
+ which will be taken instead. This data is returned by the kernel as
+ information on a connection (KDBUS_CMD_CONN_INFO).
+
+ * When a message is sent (KDBUS_CMD_SEND), information about the sending task
+ and the sending connection are collected. This metadata will be attached
+ to the message when it arrives in the receiver's pool. If the connection
+ sending the message installed faked credentials (see above), the message
+ will not be augmented by any information about the currently sending task.
+
+Which metadata items are actually delivered depends on the following sets and
+masks:
+
+ (a) the system-wide kmod creds mask (module parameter 'attach_flags_mask')
+ (b) the per-connection send creds mask, set by the connecting client
+ (c) the per-connection receive creds mask, set by the connecting client
+ (d) the per-bus minimal creds mask, set by the bus creator
+ (e) the per-bus owner creds mask, set by the bus creator
+ (f) the mask specified when querying creds of a bus peer
+ (g) the mask specified when querying creds of a bus owner
+
+With the following rules:
+
+ [1] The creds attached to messages are determined as (a & b & c).
+ [2] When connecting to a bus (KDBUS_CMD_HELLO), and (~b & d) != 0, the call
+ will fail, the connection is refused.
+ [3] When querying creds of a bus peer, the creds returned are (a & b & f)
+ [4] When querying creds of a bus owner, the creds returned are (a & e & g)
+ [5] When creating a new bus, and (d & ~a) != 0, then bus creation will fail
+
+Hence, userspace might not always get all requested metadata items that it
+requested. Code must be written so that it can cope with this fact.
+
+
+13.1 Known item types
+---------------------
+
+The following attach flags are currently supported.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_TIMESTAMP
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_TIMESTAMP which contains both the
+ monotonic and the realtime timestamp, taken when the message was
+ processed on the kernel side.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_CREDS
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_CREDS, containing credentials as
+ described in struct kdbus_creds: the user and group IDs in the usual four
+ flavors: real, effective, saved and file-system related.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_PIDS
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_PIDS, containing information on the
+ process. In particular, the PID (process ID), TID (thread ID), and PPID
+ (PID of the parent process).
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_AUXGROUPS
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_AUXGROUPS, containing a dynamic
+ number of auxiliary groups the sending task was a member of.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_NAMES
+ Attaches items of type KDBUS_ITEM_OWNED_NAME, one for each name the sending
+ connection currently owns. The name and flags are stored in kdbus_item.name
+ for each of them.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_TID_COMM [*]
+ Attaches an items of type KDBUS_ITEM_TID_COMM, transporting the sending
+ task's 'comm', for the tid. The string is stored in kdbus_item.str.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_PID_COMM [*]
+ Attaches an items of type KDBUS_ITEM_PID_COMM, transporting the sending
+ task's 'comm', for the pid. The string is stored in kdbus_item.str.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_EXE [*]
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_EXE, containing the path to the
+ executable of the sending task, stored in kdbus_item.str.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_CMDLINE [*]
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_CMDLINE, containing the command line
+ arguments of the sending task, as an array of strings, stored in
+ kdbus_item.str.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_CGROUP
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_CGROUP with the task's cgroup path.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_CAPS
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_CAPS, carrying sets of capabilities
+ that should be accessed via kdbus_item.caps.caps. Also, userspace should
+ be written in a way that it takes kdbus_item.caps.last_cap into account,
+ and derive the number of sets and rows from the item size and the reported
+ number of valid capability bits.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_SECLABEL
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_SECLABEL, which contains the SELinux
+ security label of the sending task. SELinux and other MACs might want to
+ do additional per-service security checks. For example, a service manager
+ might want to check the security label of a service file against the
+ security label of the client process checking the SELinux database before
+ allowing access. The label can be accessed via kdbus_item->str.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_AUDIT
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_AUDIT, which contains the audit
+ sessionid and loginuid of the sending task. Access via kdbus_item->audit.
+
+ KDBUS_ATTACH_CONN_DESCRIPTION
+ Attaches an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_CONN_DESCRIPTION that contains a
+ descriptive string of the sending peer. That string can be supplied
+ during HELLO by attaching an item of type KDBUS_ITEM_CONN_DESCRIPTION.
+
+
+[*] Note that the content stored in these items can easily be tampered by
+ the sending tasks. Therefore, they should NOT be used for any sort of
+ security relevant assumptions. The only reason why they are transmitted is
+ to let receivers know about details that were set when metadata was
+ collected, even though the task they were collected from is not active any
+ longer when the items are received.
+
+
+13.2 Metadata and namespaces
+----------------------------
+
+Metadata such as PIDs, UIDs or GIDs are automatically translated to the
+namespaces of the task that receives them.
+
+
+14. Error codes
+===============================================================================
+
+Below is a list of error codes that might be returned by the individual
+ioctl commands. The list focuses on the return values from kdbus code itself,
+and might not cover those of all kernel internal functions.
+
+For all ioctls:
+
+ -ENOMEM The kernel memory is exhausted
+ -ENOTTY Illegal ioctl command issued for the file descriptor
+ -ENOSYS The requested functionality is not available
+ -EINVAL Unsupported item attached to command
+
+For all ioctls that carry a struct as payload:
+
+ -EFAULT The supplied data pointer was not 64-bit aligned, or was
+ inaccessible from the kernel side.
+ -EINVAL The size inside the supplied struct was smaller than expected
+ -EMSGSIZE The size inside the supplied struct was bigger than expected
+ -ENAMETOOLONG A supplied name is larger than the allowed maximum size
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_BUS_MAKE:
+
+ -EINVAL The flags supplied in the kdbus_cmd_make struct are invalid or
+ the supplied name does not start with the current uid and a '-'
+ -EEXIST A bus of that name already exists
+ -ESHUTDOWN The domain for the bus is already shut down
+ -EMFILE The maximum number of buses for the current user is exhausted
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_ENDPOINT_MAKE:
+
+ -EPERM The calling user is not privileged (see Terminology)
+ -EINVAL The flags supplied in the kdbus_cmd_make struct are invalid
+ -EEXIST An endpoint of that name already exists
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_HELLO:
+
+ -EFAULT The supplied pool size was 0 or not a multiple of the page size
+ -EINVAL The flags supplied in the kdbus_cmd_make struct are invalid, or
+ an illegal combination of KDBUS_HELLO_MONITOR,
+ KDBUS_HELLO_ACTIVATOR and KDBUS_HELLO_POLICY_HOLDER was passed
+ in the flags, or an invalid set of items was supplied
+ -ECONNREFUSED The attach_flags_send field did not satisfy the requirements of
+ the bus
+ -EPERM An KDBUS_ITEM_CREDS items was supplied, but the current user is
+ not privileged
+ -ESHUTDOWN The bus has already been shut down
+ -EMFILE The maximum number of connection on the bus has been reached
+ -EOPNOTSUPP The endpoint does not support the connection flags
+ supplied in the kdbus_cmd_hello struct
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_BYEBYE:
+
+ -EALREADY The connection has already been shut down
+ -EBUSY There are still messages queued up in the connection's pool
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_SEND:
+
+ -EOPNOTSUPP The connection is not an ordinary connection, or the passed
+ file descriptors are either kdbus handles or unix domain
+ sockets. Both are currently unsupported
+ -EINVAL The submitted payload type is KDBUS_PAYLOAD_KERNEL,
+ KDBUS_MSG_EXPECT_REPLY was set without timeout or cookie
+ values, KDBUS_MSG_SYNC_REPLY was set without
+ KDBUS_MSG_EXPECT_REPLY, an invalid item was supplied,
+ src_id was != 0 and different from the current connection's ID,
+ a supplied memfd had a size of 0, a string was not properly
+ null-terminated
+ -ENOTUNIQ The supplied destination is KDBUS_DST_ID_BROADCAST, a file
+ descriptor was passed, KDBUS_MSG_EXPECT_REPLY was set,
+ or a timeout was given for a broadcast message
+ -E2BIG Too many items
+ -EMSGSIZE The size of the message header and items or the payload vector
+ is too big.
+ -EEXIST Multiple KDBUS_ITEM_FDS, KDBUS_ITEM_BLOOM_FILTER or
+ KDBUS_ITEM_DST_NAME items were supplied
+ -EBADF The supplied KDBUS_ITEM_FDS or KDBUS_MSG_PAYLOAD_MEMFD items
+ contained an illegal file descriptor
+ -EMEDIUMTYPE The supplied memfd is not a sealed kdbus memfd
+ -EMFILE Too many file descriptors inside a KDBUS_ITEM_FDS
+ -EBADMSG An item had illegal size, both a dst_id and a
+ KDBUS_ITEM_DST_NAME was given, or both a name and a bloom
+ filter was given
+ -ETXTBSY The supplied kdbus memfd file cannot be sealed or the seal
+ was removed, because it is shared with other processes or
+ still mmap()ed
+ -ECOMM A peer does not accept the file descriptors addressed to it
+ -EFAULT The supplied bloom filter size was not 64-bit aligned
+ -EDOM The supplied bloom filter size did not match the bloom filter
+ size of the bus
+ -EDESTADDRREQ dst_id was set to KDBUS_DST_ID_NAME, but no KDBUS_ITEM_DST_NAME
+ was attached
+ -ESRCH The name to look up was not found in the name registry
+ -EADDRNOTAVAIL KDBUS_MSG_NO_AUTO_START was given but the destination
+ connection is an activator.
+ -ENXIO The passed numeric destination connection ID couldn't be found,
+ or is not connected
+ -ECONNRESET The destination connection is no longer active
+ -ETIMEDOUT Timeout while synchronously waiting for a reply
+ -EINTR System call interrupted while synchronously waiting for a reply
+ -EPIPE When sending a message, a synchronous reply from the receiving
+ connection was expected but the connection died before
+ answering
+ -ENOBUFS Too many pending messages on the receiver side
+ -EREMCHG Both a well-known name and a unique name (ID) was given, but
+ the name is not currently owned by that connection.
+ -EXFULL The memory pool of the receiver is full
+ -EREMOTEIO While synchronously waiting for a reply, the remote peer
+ failed with an I/O error.
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_RECV:
+
+ -EINVAL Invalid flags or offset
+ -EAGAIN No message found in the queue
+ -ENOMSG No message of the requested priority found
+ -EOVERFLOW Broadcast messages have been lost
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_FREE:
+
+ -ENXIO No pool slice found at given offset
+ -EINVAL Invalid flags provided, the offset is valid, but the user is
+ not allowed to free the slice. This happens, for example, if
+ the offset was retrieved with KDBUS_RECV_PEEK.
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_NAME_ACQUIRE:
+
+ -EINVAL Illegal command flags, illegal name provided, or an activator
+ tried to acquire a second name
+ -EPERM Policy prohibited name ownership
+ -EALREADY Connection already owns that name
+ -EEXIST The name already exists and can not be taken over
+ -E2BIG The maximum number of well-known names per connection
+ is exhausted
+ -ECONNRESET The connection was reset during the call
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_NAME_RELEASE:
+
+ -EINVAL Invalid command flags, or invalid name provided
+ -ESRCH Name is not found found in the registry
+ -EADDRINUSE Name is owned by a different connection and can't be released
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_NAME_LIST:
+
+ -EINVAL Invalid flags
+ -ENOBUFS No available memory in the connection's pool.
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_CONN_INFO:
+
+ -EINVAL Invalid flags, or neither an ID nor a name was provided,
+ or the name is invalid.
+ -ESRCH Connection lookup by name failed
+ -ENXIO No connection with the provided connection ID found
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_CONN_UPDATE:
+
+ -EINVAL Illegal flags or items
+ -EOPNOTSUPP Operation not supported by connection.
+ -E2BIG Too many policy items attached
+ -EINVAL Wildcards submitted in policy entries, or illegal sequence
+ of policy items
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_ENDPOINT_UPDATE:
+
+ -E2BIG Too many policy items attached
+ -EINVAL Invalid flags, or wildcards submitted in policy entries,
+ or illegal sequence of policy items
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_MATCH_ADD:
+
+ -EINVAL Illegal flags or items
+ -EDOM Illegal bloom filter size
+ -EMFILE Too many matches for this connection
+
+For KDBUS_CMD_MATCH_REMOVE:
+
+ -EINVAL Illegal flags
+ -ENOENT A match entry with the given cookie could not be found.
+
+
+15. Internal object relations
+===============================================================================
+
+This is a simplified outline of the internal kdbus object relations, for
+those interested in the inner life of the driver implementation.
+
+From the a mount point's (domain's) perspective:
+
+struct kdbus_domain
+ |» struct kdbus_domain_user *user (many, owned)
+ '» struct kdbus_node node (embedded)
+ |» struct kdbus_node children (many, referenced)
+ |» struct kdbus_node *parent (pinned)
+ '» struct kdbus_bus (many, pinned)
+ |» struct kdbus_node node (embedded)
+ '» struct kdbus_ep (many, pinned)
+ |» struct kdbus_node node (embedded)
+ |» struct kdbus_bus *bus (pinned)
+ |» struct kdbus_conn conn_list (many, pinned)
+ | |» struct kdbus_ep *ep (pinned)
+ | |» struct kdbus_name_entry *activator_of (owned)
+ | |» struct kdbus_match_db *match_db (owned)
+ | |» struct kdbus_meta *meta (owned)
+ | |» struct kdbus_match_db *match_db (owned)
+ | | '» struct kdbus_match_entry (many, owned)
+ | |
+ | |» struct kdbus_pool *pool (owned)
+ | | '» struct kdbus_pool_slice *slices (many, owned)
+ | | '» struct kdbus_pool *pool (pinned)
+ | |
+ | |» struct kdbus_domain_user *user (pinned)
+ | `» struct kdbus_queue_entry entries (many, embedded)
+ | |» struct kdbus_pool_slice *slice (pinned)
+ | |» struct kdbus_conn_reply *reply (owned)
+ | '» struct kdbus_domain_user *user (pinned)
+ |
+ '» struct kdbus_domain_user *user (pinned)
+ '» struct kdbus_policy_db policy_db (embedded)
+ |» struct kdbus_policy_db_entry (many, owned)
+ | |» struct kdbus_conn (pinned)
+ | '» struct kdbus_ep (pinned)
+ |
+ '» struct kdbus_policy_db_cache_entry (many, owned)
+ '» struct kdbus_conn (pinned)
+
+
+For the life-time of a file descriptor derived from calling open() on a file
+inside the mount point:
+
+struct kdbus_handle
+ |» struct kdbus_meta *meta (owned)
+ |» struct kdbus_ep *ep (pinned)
+ |» struct kdbus_conn *conn (owned)
+ '» struct kdbus_ep *ep (owned)
--
2.2.1
--
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