Date:	Tue, 03 Feb 2015 16:41:39 +0900
From:	Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@...achi.com>
To:	Petr Mladek <pmladek@...e.cz>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...e.hu>
Cc:	"David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
	Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@...el.com>,
	Ananth NMavinakayanahalli <ananth@...ibm.com>,
	Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>,
	Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
	Jiri Kosina <jkosina@...e.cz>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] kprobes/x86: Use 5-byte NOP when the code might
 be modified by ftrace

(2015/02/03 2:48), Petr Mladek wrote:
> can_probe() checks if the given address points to the beginning of
> an instruction. It analyzes all the instructions from the beginning
> of the function until the given address. The code might be modified
> by another Kprobe. In this case, the current code is read into a buffer,
> int3 breakpoint is replaced by the saved opcode in the buffer, and
> can_probe() analyzes the buffer instead.
> 
> There is a bug that __recover_probed_insn() tries to restore
> the original code even for Kprobes using the ftrace framework.
> But in this case, the opcode is not stored. See the difference
> between arch_prepare_kprobe() and arch_prepare_kprobe_ftrace().
> The opcode is stored by arch_copy_kprobe() only from
> arch_prepare_kprobe().
> 
> This patch makes Kprobe to use the ideal 5-byte NOP when the code
> can be modified by ftrace. It is the original instruction, see
> ftrace_make_nop() and ftrace_nop_replace().
> 
> Note that we always need to use the NOP for ftrace locations. Kprobes
> do not block ftrace and the instruction might get modified at anytime.
> It might even be in an inconsistent state because it is modified step
> by step using the int3 breakpoint.
> 
> The patch also fixes indentation of the touched comment.
> 
> Note that I found this problem when playing with Kprobes. I did it
> on x86_64 with gcc-4.8.3 that supported -mfentry. I modified
> samples/kprobes/kprobe_example.c and added offset 5 to put
> the probe right after the fentry area:
> 
> --- cut ---
>  static struct kprobe kp = {
>  	.symbol_name	= "do_fork",
> +	.offset = 5,
>  };
> --- cut ---
> 
> Then I was able to load kprobe_example before jprobe_example
> but not the other way around:
> 
> $> modprobe jprobe_example
> $> modprobe kprobe_example
> modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'kprobe_example': Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character
> 
> It did not make much sense and debugging pointed to the bug
> described above.
> 

This looks good to me :)

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@...achi.com>

Ingo, could you merge this as an urgent fix?

Thank you!

> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@...e.cz>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
>  1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
> 
> Changes against v1:
> 
>   + always use 5-byte NOP for ftrace location
>   + fix indentation of the touched comment
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c
> index 98f654d466e5..2f464b56766a 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/core.c
> @@ -223,27 +223,41 @@ static unsigned long
>  __recover_probed_insn(kprobe_opcode_t *buf, unsigned long addr)
>  {
>  	struct kprobe *kp;
> +	unsigned long faddr;
>  
>  	kp = get_kprobe((void *)addr);
> -	/* There is no probe, return original address */
> -	if (!kp)
> +	faddr = ftrace_location(addr);
> +	/*
> +	 * Use the current code if it is not modified by Kprobe
> +	 * and it cannot be modified by ftrace.
> +	 */
> +	if (!kp && !faddr)
>  		return addr;
>  
>  	/*
> -	 *  Basically, kp->ainsn.insn has an original instruction.
> -	 *  However, RIP-relative instruction can not do single-stepping
> -	 *  at different place, __copy_instruction() tweaks the displacement of
> -	 *  that instruction. In that case, we can't recover the instruction
> -	 *  from the kp->ainsn.insn.
> +	 * Basically, kp->ainsn.insn has an original instruction.
> +	 * However, RIP-relative instruction can not do single-stepping
> +	 * at different place, __copy_instruction() tweaks the displacement of
> +	 * that instruction. In that case, we can't recover the instruction
> +	 * from the kp->ainsn.insn.
>  	 *
> -	 *  On the other hand, kp->opcode has a copy of the first byte of
> -	 *  the probed instruction, which is overwritten by int3. And
> -	 *  the instruction at kp->addr is not modified by kprobes except
> -	 *  for the first byte, we can recover the original instruction
> -	 *  from it and kp->opcode.
> +	 * On the other hand, in case on normal Kprobe, kp->opcode has a copy
> +	 * of the first byte of the probed instruction, which is overwritten
> +	 * by int3. And the instruction at kp->addr is not modified by kprobes
> +	 * except for the first byte, we can recover the original instruction
> +	 * from it and kp->opcode.
> +	 *
> +	 * In case of Kprobes using ftrace, we do not have a copy of
> +	 * the original instruction. In fact, the ftrace location might
> +	 * be modified at anytime and even could be in an inconsistent state.
> +	 * Fortunately, we know that the original code is the ideal 5-byte
> +	 * long NOP.
>  	 */
> -	memcpy(buf, kp->addr, MAX_INSN_SIZE * sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
> -	buf[0] = kp->opcode;
> +	memcpy(buf, (void *)addr, MAX_INSN_SIZE * sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
> +	if (faddr)
> +		memcpy(buf, ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5], MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE);
> +	else
> +		buf[0] = kp->opcode;
>  	return (unsigned long)buf;
>  }
>  
> 


-- 
Masami HIRAMATSU
Software Platform Research Dept. Linux Technology Research Center
Hitachi, Ltd., Yokohama Research Laboratory
E-mail: masami.hiramatsu.pt@...achi.com


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