Date:	Wed, 4 Mar 2015 14:09:06 +0900
From:	Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
To:	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc:	linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	Juneho Choi <juno.choi@....com>, Gunho Lee <gunho.lee@....com>,
	Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@...gle.com>,
	Dan Streetman <ddstreet@...e.org>,
	Seth Jennings <sjennings@...iantweb.net>,
	Nitin Gupta <ngupta@...are.org>,
	Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@...hat.com>,
	Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@...il.com>,
	Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>,
	opensource.ganesh@...il.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 0/7] zsmalloc: compaction support

On Wed, Mar 04, 2015 at 02:01:25PM +0900, Minchan Kim wrote:
> Recently, we started to use zram heavily and some of issues
> popped.
> 
> 1) external fragmentation
> I got a report from Juneho Choi that fork failed although there
> are plenty of free pages in the system. His investigation revealed
> zram is one of the culprit to make heavy fragmentation so there was
> no more contiguous 16K page for pgd to fork in the ARM.
> 
> 2) non-movable pages
> Other problem of zram now is that inherently, user want to use
> zram as swap in small memory system so they use zRAM with CMA to
> use memory efficiently. However, unfortunately, it doesn't work well
> because zRAM cannot use CMA's movable pages unless it doesn't support
> compaction. I got several reports about that OOM happened with
> zram although there are lots of swap space and free space
> in CMA area.
> 
> 3) internal fragmentation
> zRAM has started support memory limitation feature to limit
> memory usage and I sent a patchset(https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/9/21/148)
> for VM to be harmonized with zram-swap to stop anonymous page reclaim
> if zram consumed memory up to the limit although there are free space
> on the swap. One problem for that direction is zram has no way to know
> any hole in memory space zsmalloc allocated by internal fragmentation
> so zram would regard swap is full although there are free space in
> zsmalloc. For solving the issue, zram want to trigger compaction
> of zsmalloc before it decides full or not.
> 
> This patchset is first step to support above issues. For that,
> it adds indirect layer between handle and object location and
> supports manual compaction to solve 3th problem first of all.
> 
> After this patchset got merged, next step is to make VM aware
> of zsmalloc compaction so that generic compaction will move
> zsmalloced-pages automatically in runtime.
> 
> In my imaginary experiment(ie, high compress ratio data with
> heavy swap in/out on 8G zram-swap), data is as follows,
> 
> Before =
> zram allocated object :      60212066 bytes
> zram total used:     140103680 bytes
> ratio:         42.98 percent
> MemFree:          840192 kB
> 
> Compaction
> 
> After =
> frag ratio after compaction
> zram allocated object :      60212066 bytes
> zram total used:      76185600 bytes
> ratio:         79.03 percent
> MemFree:          901932 kB
> 
> Juneho reported below in his real platform with small aging.
> So, I think the benefit would be bigger in real aging system
> for a long time.
> 
> - frag_ratio increased 3% (ie, higher is better)
> - memfree increased about 6MB
> - In buddy info, Normal 2^3: 4, 2^2: 1: 2^1 increased, Highmem: 2^1 21 increased
> 
> frag ratio after swap fragment
> used :        156677 kbytes
> total:        166092 kbytes
> frag_ratio :  94
> meminfo before compaction
> MemFree:           83724 kB
> Node 0, zone   Normal  13642   1364     57     10     61     17      9      5      4      0      0 
> Node 0, zone  HighMem    425     29      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0 
> 
> num_migrated :  23630
> compaction done
> 
> frag ratio after compaction
> used :        156673 kbytes
> total:        160564 kbytes
> frag_ratio :  97
> meminfo after compaction
> MemFree:           89060 kB
> Node 0, zone   Normal  14076   1544     67     14     61     17      9      5      4      0      0 
> Node 0, zone  HighMem    863     50      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0 
> 
> This patchset adds more logics(about 480 lines) in zsmalloc but
> when I tested heavy swapin/out program, the regression for
> swapin/out speed is marginal because most of overheads were caused
> by compress/decompress and other MM reclaim stuff.
> 
> * from v1
>   * remove rcu - suggested by Joonsoo
>   * iterating biggest size class - Seth
>   * add experiment data in description - Juneho
    * fix null refrence bug in zs_destory_pool - Ganesh

-- 
Kind regards,
Minchan Kim
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