Date:	Sat, 14 Mar 2015 15:17:05 -0700
From:	"Andrew G. Morgan" <morgan@...nel.org>
To:	Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>
Cc:	Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@...ux.intel.com>,
	"Ted Ts'o" <tytso@....edu>, Andrew Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...uxfoundation.org>,
	Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@...il.com>,
	Mimi Zohar <zohar@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Linux API <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>,
	Austin S Hemmelgarn <ahferroin7@...il.com>,
	linux-security-module <linux-security-module@...r.kernel.org>,
	Aaron Jones <aaronmdjones@...il.com>,
	Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>,
	LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@...onical.com>,
	Markku Savela <msa@...h.iki.fi>,
	Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
	Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>
Subject: Re: [RFC] capabilities: Ambient capabilities

On Sat, Mar 14, 2015 at 2:45 PM, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net> wrote:
> On Sat, Mar 14, 2015 at 2:09 PM, Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@...nel.org> wrote:
>> On Fri, Mar 13, 2015 at 10:57 AM, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net> wrote:
>>> On Mar 13, 2015 6:24 AM, "Andrew G. Morgan" <morgan@...nel.org> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> > It's to preserve the invariant that pA is always a subset of pI.
>>>>
>>>> But since a user can always raise a bit in pI if it is present in pP,
>>>> what does this invariant add to your model other than inconvenience?
>>>
>>> The useful part is that dropping a bit from pI also drops it from pA.
>>> To keep the model consistent, I also require that you add the bit to
>>> pI before adding it to pA.
>>
>> So you are saying that pA is always a strict subset of pI (and pP)?
>> Then why not explicitly implement it as:
>>
>>   pA' = (file caps or setuid or setgid ? 0 : pA)
>>   pP' = (fP & X) | (pI & [fI | (pA' & pP)] )
>>
>> As it is you have so distributed these constraints that it is hard to
>> be sure it will remain that way.
>
> That would be insecure.  If an attacker had pA = CAP_SYS_ADMIN, pI =
> 0, pP = 0 (i.e. no privs but pA is set somehow) then, unless that's
> there's some other protection implemented, they could run some setuid
> program, and that program could switch back to non-root, set pI = 0,
> and call execve.  Unexpectedly, CAP_SYS_ADMIN would be inherited.

Forgive me, but which bit of

   pI & [fI | (pA' & pP)]

with pI = 0 makes that so?

> So I made the invariant explicit and added an assertion.
>
>>>
>>> If you have a program that deliberately uses PR_CAP_AMBIENT, then
>>> setting such a securebit will break the program, so it still doesn't
>>> buy you anything.
>>
>> Not if you make the bit lockable (like the other bits). If you want to
>> run with your model in effect, you lock the enable bit on.
>
> I don't see the point.  Again, this should be the default.
>
>
>>>
>>>>
>>>> > In the mean time, I don't even believe that there's a legitimate use
>>>> > for any of the other secure bits (except keepcaps, and I don't know
>>>> > why that's a securebit in the first place).
>>>>
>>>> Those bits currently make it possible to run a subsystem with no
>>>> [set]uid-0 support in its process tree.
>>>
>>> Not usefully, because even with all the securebits set to their
>>> non-legacy modes, caps don't inherit, so it doesn't work.  I've tried.
>>
>> Not sure I follow. They work for a definition if inheritable that you
>> seem to refuse to accept.
>
> I, and everyone I know who's tried to use inheritable capabilities,
> has run into the near-complete uselessness of the current model.  I
> understand that a defunct POSIX draft specified it, but it's still
> nearly useless.
>
> You've objected to changing it, but you've never directly addressed

I've repeatedly said I am not a fan of naive inheritance. I've not
objected to changing it, I've objected to mandating it be changed. I
have repeatedly suggested ways to conditionalize this feature
addition.

> any of the reasons why Christoph, Google, and I all believe that we
> can't usefully use it.

Working for Google, myself, I sort of find that a curious generalization.

>>>> I think it is safe to say that naive privilege inheritance has a fair
>>>> track record of being exploited orders of magnitude more frequently
>>>> than this. After all, these are the reasons LD_PRELOAD and shell
>>>> script setuid bits are suppressed.
>>>
>>> I don't know what you mean here by naive privilege inheritance.  The
>>> examples you're taking about aren't inheritance at all; they're
>>> exploring privilege *grants* during execve.  My patch deliberately
>>> leaves grants like that alone.
>>
>> The pI set is inherited through this exec unmolested.
>
> This is flat-out useless.  Having pI = CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE doesn't
> let me bind low-numbered ports, full stop.

Even in your proposed model, neither pI nor pA does this. It is what
is in pE that counts.

>> My Nack remains that you are eliminating the explicit enforcement of
>> selective inheritance. A lockable secure bit protecting access to your
>> prctl() function would address this concern.
>
> Would a sysctl or securebit that *optionally* allows pA to be disabled
> satisfy you?
>
> I don't understand why lockable is at all useful.  You'd need
> CAP_SETPCAP to flip it regardless.

Because it means one can create process trees in which this behavior
is guaranteed to be allowed and/or disallowed.

Cheers

Andrew
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