linux-kernel - Re: ia32_sysenter_target does not preserve EFLAGS

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Message-ID: <CALCETrUGTZSxDxZF0aY4Mc2BNzLoHkjD9o-YGBiSVF1QuUayPA@mail.gmail.com>
Date:	Fri, 27 Mar 2015 11:37:51 -0700
From:	Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>
To:	Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@...hat.com>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc:	Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
	"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	X86 ML <x86@...nel.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: ia32_sysenter_target does not preserve EFLAGS

On Mar 27, 2015 7:26 AM, "Denys Vlasenko" <dvlasenk@...hat.com> wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> While running some tests I noticed that EFLAGS
> is not saved across syscalls if I use 32-bit
> userspace, use SYSENTER, and paravirt is active.
>
> Looking at the code, it's actually clear why that happens.
>
> /*
>  * SYSENTER loads ss, rsp, cs, and rip from previously programmed MSRs.
>  * IF and VM in rflags are cleared (IOW: interrupts are off).
>  * SYSENTER does not save anything on the stack,
>  * and does not save old rip (!!!) and rflags.
>  */
> ENTRY(ia32_sysenter_target)
>         SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK  <============================
>         movq    PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_tss + TSS_sp0), %rsp
>         ENABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE)
>
>         movl    %ebp, %ebp
>         movl    %eax, %eax
>         movl    ASM_THREAD_INFO(TI_sysenter_return, %rsp, 0), %r10d
>
>         /* Construct struct pt_regs on stack */
>         pushq_cfi       $__USER32_DS            /* pt_regs->ss */
>         pushq_cfi       %rbp                    /* pt_regs->sp */
>         CFI_REL_OFFSET  rsp,0
>         pushfq_cfi                              /* pt_regs->flags */
>
> The SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK, it's it involves paravirt callbacks,
> will change EFLAGS, and it *can't* save/restore them -
> there is no place to save it, since neither stack nor
> PER_CPU() is usable at that point.
>
> Interestingly, *no one ever complained*!
>
> Apparently, users *don't* depend on arithmetic flags
> to survive over syscall. They also okay with DF flag
> being cleared.
>
> Let's go flag-by-flag.
>
> ID - probably no one depends on it
> VIP,VIF,VM - v86 stuff, not supported in 64bit
> AC - someone probably do use this
> RF - should be cleared to 0
> NT - iret via task gate, not supported in 64bit
> IOPL - usually 00, sys_iopl() can change it
> DF - according to C ABI, should be 0
> IF - should be preserved (but almost always 1)
> TF - should be preserved
> arith flags - probably no one cares
>
> IOW. Bits to be preseved are only AC, IOPL, TF, and _maybe_
> IF.
>
> AC and IOPL are preserved even with this paravirt quirk
> because paravirt hooks do not mangle them.
>
> TF preservation and proper restoration is handled by
>         do_debug + syscall_trace_enter_phase2 + iret
> combo.
>
> We unconditionally set IF. This is only a problem for applications
> which use sys_iopl(3) and, disable IRQs in userspace and perform
> syscalls. The set of such apps is probably empty.
> (This "bug" exists even for non-paravirt case).
>
> So, formally, we have a bug: we do not preserve IF,
> DF and arith flags.
>
> I'm proposing to use this opportunity to amend syscall ABI
> to say that arith flags are not preserved across syscalls,
> and DF can be cleared to 0 by syscalls (but can't be set to 1).
> Evidently, it's broken for some time for some virtualized
> setups and users are okay.

I think I'd rather fix it.  I want to give x86_64 a sysenter stack
like x86_32's, since AFAICT the only reason that #DF needs to use IST
is because sysenter with TF set is the only way I can see that #DF
could happen with an invalid stack.

Also, Houston, we have a bug, probably rootable, and probably damn
near impossible to exploit without crashing your system:

User does sysenter.  We end up in native_irq_enable_sysexit.  We do:

swapgs
sti

<-- NMI here can happen on some (all?) cpus, returns successfully
*with interrupts unmasked*

<-- IRQ.  Boom

My preferred fix would be to use sysretl instead of sysexit.  As far
as I know, there are no 64-bit CPUs at all that don't support sysretl.

--Andy

>
> I'm not sure what to do with the "bug" of forcing IF=1.
> Fix it? Or also declare that syscalls can set IF=1?
> Do you think this is a legitimate userspace code?
>
>         sys_iopl(3);
>         cli;
>         syscall();
>         /* expects irqs still disabled */
>
> --
> vda
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