Change the insert and erase code such that lockless searches are non-fatal. In and of itself an rbtree cannot be correctly searched while in-modification, we can however provide weaker guarantees that will allow the rbtree to be used in conjunction with other techniques, such as latches; see 9b0fd802e8c0 ("seqcount: Add raw_write_seqcount_latch()"). For this to work we need the following guarantees from the rbtree code: 1) a lockless reader must not see partial stores, this would allow it to observe nodes that are invalid memory. 2) there must not be (temporary) loops in the tree structure in the modifier's program order, this would cause a lookup which interrupts the modifier to get stuck indefinitely. For 1) we must use WRITE_ONCE() for all updates to the tree structure; in particular this patch only does rb_{left,right} as those are the only element required for simple searches. It generates slightly worse code, probably because volatile. But in pointer chasing heavy code a few instructions more should not matter. For 2) I have carefully audited the code and drawn every intermediate link state and not found a loop. Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: David Woodhouse Cc: Rik van Riel Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) --- include/linux/rbtree.h | 16 ++++++-- include/linux/rbtree_augmented.h | 21 +++++++--- lib/rbtree.c | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------ 3 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) --- a/include/linux/rbtree.h +++ b/include/linux/rbtree.h @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ #include #include +#include struct rb_node { unsigned long __rb_parent_color; @@ -73,11 +74,11 @@ extern struct rb_node *rb_first_postorde extern struct rb_node *rb_next_postorder(const struct rb_node *); /* Fast replacement of a single node without remove/rebalance/add/rebalance */ -extern void rb_replace_node(struct rb_node *victim, struct rb_node *new, +extern void rb_replace_node(struct rb_node *victim, struct rb_node *new, struct rb_root *root); -static inline void rb_link_node(struct rb_node * node, struct rb_node * parent, - struct rb_node ** rb_link) +static inline void rb_link_node(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_node *parent, + struct rb_node **rb_link) { node->__rb_parent_color = (unsigned long)parent; node->rb_left = node->rb_right = NULL; @@ -85,6 +86,15 @@ static inline void rb_link_node(struct r *rb_link = node; } +static inline void rb_link_node_rcu(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_node *parent, + struct rb_node **rb_link) +{ + node->__rb_parent_color = (unsigned long)parent; + node->rb_left = node->rb_right = NULL; + + rcu_assign_pointer(*rb_link, node); +} + #define rb_entry_safe(ptr, type, member) \ ({ typeof(ptr) ____ptr = (ptr); \ ____ptr ? rb_entry(____ptr, type, member) : NULL; \ --- a/include/linux/rbtree_augmented.h +++ b/include/linux/rbtree_augmented.h @@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ __rb_change_child(struct rb_node *old, s { if (parent) { if (parent->rb_left == old) - parent->rb_left = new; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_left, new); else - parent->rb_right = new; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_right, new); } else - root->rb_node = new; + WRITE_ONCE(root->rb_node, new); } extern void __rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *parent, struct rb_root *root, @@ -137,7 +137,8 @@ static __always_inline struct rb_node * __rb_erase_augmented(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root, const struct rb_augment_callbacks *augment) { - struct rb_node *child = node->rb_right, *tmp = node->rb_left; + struct rb_node *child = node->rb_right; + struct rb_node *tmp = node->rb_left; struct rb_node *parent, *rebalance; unsigned long pc; @@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ __rb_erase_augmented(struct rb_node *nod tmp = parent; } else { struct rb_node *successor = child, *child2; + tmp = child->rb_left; if (!tmp) { /* @@ -180,6 +182,7 @@ __rb_erase_augmented(struct rb_node *nod */ parent = successor; child2 = successor->rb_right; + augment->copy(node, successor); } else { /* @@ -201,19 +204,23 @@ __rb_erase_augmented(struct rb_node *nod successor = tmp; tmp = tmp->rb_left; } while (tmp); - parent->rb_left = child2 = successor->rb_right; - successor->rb_right = child; + child2 = successor->rb_right; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_left, child2); + WRITE_ONCE(successor->rb_right, child); rb_set_parent(child, successor); + augment->copy(node, successor); augment->propagate(parent, successor); } - successor->rb_left = tmp = node->rb_left; + tmp = node->rb_left; + WRITE_ONCE(successor->rb_left, tmp); rb_set_parent(tmp, successor); pc = node->__rb_parent_color; tmp = __rb_parent(pc); __rb_change_child(node, successor, tmp, root); + if (child2) { successor->__rb_parent_color = pc; rb_set_parent_color(child2, parent, RB_BLACK); --- a/lib/rbtree.c +++ b/lib/rbtree.c @@ -44,6 +44,30 @@ * parentheses and have some accompanying text comment. */ +/* + * Notes on lockless lookups: + * + * All stores to the tree structure (rb_left and rb_right) must be done using + * WRITE_ONCE(). And we must not inadvertently cause (temporary) loops in the + * tree structure as seen in program order. + * + * These two requirements will allow lockless iteration of the tree -- not + * correct iteration mind you, tree rotations are not atomic so a lookup might + * miss entire subtrees. + * + * But they do guarantee that any such traversal will only see valid elements + * and that it will indeed complete -- does not get stuck in a loop. + * + * It also guarantees that if the lookup returns an element it is the 'correct' + * one. But not returning an element does _NOT_ mean it's not present. + * + * NOTE: + * + * Stores to __rb_parent_color are not important for simple lookups so those + * are left undone as of now. Nor did I check for loops involving parent + * pointers. + */ + static inline void rb_set_black(struct rb_node *rb) { rb->__rb_parent_color |= RB_BLACK; @@ -129,8 +153,9 @@ __rb_insert(struct rb_node *node, struct * This still leaves us in violation of 4), the * continuation into Case 3 will fix that. */ - parent->rb_right = tmp = node->rb_left; - node->rb_left = parent; + tmp = node->rb_left; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_right, tmp); + WRITE_ONCE(node->rb_left, parent); if (tmp) rb_set_parent_color(tmp, parent, RB_BLACK); @@ -149,8 +174,8 @@ __rb_insert(struct rb_node *node, struct * / \ * n U */ - gparent->rb_left = tmp; /* == parent->rb_right */ - parent->rb_right = gparent; + WRITE_ONCE(gparent->rb_left, tmp); /* == parent->rb_right */ + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_right, gparent); if (tmp) rb_set_parent_color(tmp, gparent, RB_BLACK); __rb_rotate_set_parents(gparent, parent, root, RB_RED); @@ -171,8 +196,9 @@ __rb_insert(struct rb_node *node, struct tmp = parent->rb_left; if (node == tmp) { /* Case 2 - right rotate at parent */ - parent->rb_left = tmp = node->rb_right; - node->rb_right = parent; + tmp = node->rb_right; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_left, tmp); + WRITE_ONCE(node->rb_right, parent); if (tmp) rb_set_parent_color(tmp, parent, RB_BLACK); @@ -183,8 +209,8 @@ __rb_insert(struct rb_node *node, struct } /* Case 3 - left rotate at gparent */ - gparent->rb_right = tmp; /* == parent->rb_left */ - parent->rb_left = gparent; + WRITE_ONCE(gparent->rb_right, tmp); /* == parent->rb_left */ + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_left, gparent); if (tmp) rb_set_parent_color(tmp, gparent, RB_BLACK); __rb_rotate_set_parents(gparent, parent, root, RB_RED); @@ -224,8 +250,9 @@ ____rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *paren * / \ / \ * Sl Sr N Sl */ - parent->rb_right = tmp1 = sibling->rb_left; - sibling->rb_left = parent; + tmp1 = sibling->rb_left; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_right, tmp1); + WRITE_ONCE(sibling->rb_left, parent); rb_set_parent_color(tmp1, parent, RB_BLACK); __rb_rotate_set_parents(parent, sibling, root, RB_RED); @@ -275,9 +302,10 @@ ____rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *paren * \ * Sr */ - sibling->rb_left = tmp1 = tmp2->rb_right; - tmp2->rb_right = sibling; - parent->rb_right = tmp2; + tmp1 = tmp2->rb_right; + WRITE_ONCE(sibling->rb_left, tmp1); + WRITE_ONCE(tmp2->rb_right, sibling); + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_right, tmp2); if (tmp1) rb_set_parent_color(tmp1, sibling, RB_BLACK); @@ -297,8 +325,9 @@ ____rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *paren * / \ / \ * (sl) sr N (sl) */ - parent->rb_right = tmp2 = sibling->rb_left; - sibling->rb_left = parent; + tmp2 = sibling->rb_left; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_right, tmp2); + WRITE_ONCE(sibling->rb_left, parent); rb_set_parent_color(tmp1, sibling, RB_BLACK); if (tmp2) rb_set_parent(tmp2, parent); @@ -310,8 +339,9 @@ ____rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *paren sibling = parent->rb_left; if (rb_is_red(sibling)) { /* Case 1 - right rotate at parent */ - parent->rb_left = tmp1 = sibling->rb_right; - sibling->rb_right = parent; + tmp1 = sibling->rb_right; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_left, tmp1); + WRITE_ONCE(sibling->rb_right, parent); rb_set_parent_color(tmp1, parent, RB_BLACK); __rb_rotate_set_parents(parent, sibling, root, RB_RED); @@ -336,9 +366,10 @@ ____rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *paren break; } /* Case 3 - right rotate at sibling */ - sibling->rb_right = tmp1 = tmp2->rb_left; - tmp2->rb_left = sibling; - parent->rb_left = tmp2; + tmp1 = tmp2->rb_left; + WRITE_ONCE(sibling->rb_right, tmp1); + WRITE_ONCE(tmp2->rb_left, sibling); + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_left, tmp2); if (tmp1) rb_set_parent_color(tmp1, sibling, RB_BLACK); @@ -347,8 +378,9 @@ ____rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *paren sibling = tmp2; } /* Case 4 - left rotate at parent + color flips */ - parent->rb_left = tmp2 = sibling->rb_right; - sibling->rb_right = parent; + tmp2 = sibling->rb_right; + WRITE_ONCE(parent->rb_left, tmp2); + WRITE_ONCE(sibling->rb_right, parent); rb_set_parent_color(tmp1, sibling, RB_BLACK); if (tmp2) rb_set_parent(tmp2, parent); -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/