linux-kernel - Re: Make RCU tree CPU topology aware?

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Date:	Tue, 18 Aug 2015 06:21:21 -0700
From:	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@...hat.com>
Cc:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: Make RCU tree CPU topology aware?

On Tue, Aug 18, 2015 at 09:55:40AM +0100, Alexander Gordeev wrote:
> On Mon, Aug 17, 2015 at 08:28:16AM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > On Mon, Aug 17, 2015 at 11:39:34AM +0100, Alexander Gordeev wrote:
> > > Hi Paul,
> > > 
> > > Currently RCU tree distributes CPUs to leafs based on consequent CPU
> > > IDs. That means CPUs from remote caches and even nodes might end up
> > > in the same leaf.
> > > 
> > > I did not research the impact, but at the glance that seems at least
> > > sub-optimal; especially in case of remote nodes, when CPUs access
> > > each others' memory?
> > > 
> > > I am thinking of topology-aware RCU geometry where the RCU tree reflects
> > > the actual system topology. I.e by borrowing it from schedulling domains
> > > or soemthing like that.
> > > 
> > > Do you think it worth the effort to research this question or I am
> > > missing something and the current access patterns are just optimal?
> > 
> > The first thing to try would be to specify the rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf
> > kernel boot parameter to align with the system's hardware boundaries and
> > to misalign, and see if you can measure any difference whatsoever at the
> > system level.  For example, if you are using a multi-socket eight-core
> > x86 CPU with hyperthreading enabled, specify rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf=8
> > to account for the "interesting" x86 CPU numbering.  The default of
> > rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf=16 would have the first two sockets sharing the
> > first leaf rcu_node structure.  Perhaps also try rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf=7
> > and rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf=9 to tease out contention effects.  I suggest
> > also running tests with hyperthreading disabled.
> > 
> > I bet that you won't see any system-level effect.  The reason for that
> > bet is that people have been asking me this for years, but have always
> > declined to provide any data.  In addition, RCU's fast paths are designed
> > to avoid hitting the rcu_node structures -- even call_rcu() normally is
> > confined to the per-CPU rcu_data structure.
> > 
> > Please note that I am particularly unhappy with the thought of having
> > RCU having non-contiguous CPU numbering within the rcu_node structures.
> > For example, having the first rcu_node structure have CPUs 0-7 and
> > 32-39, the second have 8-15 and 40-47, and so on is really really ugly.
> > That isn't to say that I am inalterably opposed, but rather that there
> > had better be extremely good measurable system-level reasons for such
> > a change.
> > 
> > On the other hand, having some sort of option to allow architectures to
> > specify the RCU_FANOUT and RCU_FANOUT_LEAF values at boot time is not
> > that big a deal.
> > 
> > Does that help?
> 
> A lot!
> 
> I suspected there could be no benefit in such a change and it is good
> to know at first hand.
> 
> I could only think of large NUMA systems where that might matter, but
> if the problem exists I guess it should be mitigated by NUMA balancer

Well, please let me know how the measurement goes for you!  As you say,
there is no substitute for first-hand data.

							Thanx, Paul

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