Date:	Wed, 27 Jan 2016 19:02:09 -0800 (PST)
From:	Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>
To:	Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@...e.de>
cc:	Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
	Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>,
	Chris Mason <clm@...com>, Darren Hart <dvhart@...ux.intel.com>,
	dave@...olabs.net, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v4] futex: Remove requirement for lock_page in
 get_futex_key

On Sat, 23 Jan 2016, Davidlohr Bueso wrote:

> From: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>
> 
> When dealing with key handling for shared futexes, we can drastically reduce
> the usage/need of the page lock. 1) For anonymous pages, the associated futex
> object is the mm_struct which does not require the page lock. 2) For inode
> based, keys, we can check under RCU read lock if the page mapping is still
> valid and take reference to the inode. This just leaves one rare race that
> requires the page lock in the slow path when examining the swapcache.
> 
> Additionally realtime users currently have a problem with the page lock being
> contended for unbounded periods of time during futex operations.
> 
> Task A
>      get_futex_key()
>      lock_page()
>     ---> preempted
> 
> Now any other task trying to lock that page will have to wait until
> task A gets scheduled back in, which is an unbound time.
> 
> With this patch, we pretty much have a lockless futex_get_key().
> 
> Experiments show that this patch can boost/speedup the hashing of shared
> futexes with the perf futex benchmarks (which is good for measuring such
> change) by up to 45% when there are high (> 100) thread counts on a 60 core
> Westmere. Lower counts are pretty much in the noise range or less than 10%,
> but mid range can be seen at over 30% overall throughput (hash ops/sec).
> This makes anon-mem shared futexes much closer to its private counterpart.
> 
> Not-yet-signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
> Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>
> [ported on top of thp refcount rework, changelog, comments, fixes]
> Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@...e.de>
> ---
> 
> Changes from v3:
> - Redo mapping sanity check, now do not halt the kernel.
> 
> Changes from v2:
> 
> - Minor adjustments by peterz.
> - Applies on top of -next-20160118
> 
> Changes from v1:
> - Remove unnecesary mb, as atomic_inc returning does what we need.
> - Fix bogus mapping load.
> - Minor code cleanups/comments.
> 
>  kernel/futex.c | 93 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
>  1 file changed, 85 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/kernel/futex.c b/kernel/futex.c
> index 0773f2b..6b02b5b 100644
> --- a/kernel/futex.c
> +++ b/kernel/futex.c
> @@ -520,7 +520,20 @@ again:
>  	else
>  		err = 0;
>  
> -	lock_page(page);
> +	/*
> +	 * The treatment of mapping from this point on is critical. The page
> +	 * lock protects many things but in this context the page lock
> +	 * stabilizes mapping, prevents inode freeing in the shared
> +	 * file-backed region case and guards against movement to swap cache.
> +	 *
> +	 * Strictly speaking the page lock is not needed in all cases being
> +	 * considered here and page lock forces unnecessarily serialization
> +	 * From this point on, mapping will be re-verified if necessary and
> +	 * page lock will be acquired only if it is unavoidable
> +	 */
> +	page = compound_head(page);
> +	mapping = READ_ONCE(page->mapping);
> +
>  	/*
>  	 * If page->mapping is NULL, then it cannot be a PageAnon
>  	 * page; but it might be the ZERO_PAGE or in the gate area or
> @@ -536,19 +549,32 @@ again:
>  	 * shmem_writepage move it from filecache to swapcache beneath us:
>  	 * an unlikely race, but we do need to retry for page->mapping.
>  	 */
> -	mapping = compound_head(page)->mapping;
> -	if (!mapping) {
> -		int shmem_swizzled = PageSwapCache(page);
> +	if (unlikely(!mapping)) {
> +		int shmem_swizzled;
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * Page lock is required to identify which special case above
> +		 * applies. If this is really a shmem page then the page lock
> +		 * will prevent unexpected transitions.
> +		 */
> +		lock_page(page);
> +		shmem_swizzled = PageSwapCache(page);
>  		unlock_page(page);
>  		put_page(page);
> +		WARN_ON_ONCE(READ_ONCE(page->mapping));

Good point from Thomas, but it's worse than that: the patch as it stands
makes no sense here.  There is no point in doing a lock_page() just to
look at the PageSwapCache bit; which like page->mapping may change again
immediately after the unlock_page().  (Certainly very unlikely, but...)

What the page lock is here for, is to take a snapshot of page->mapping
and PageSwapCache(page) together, to prevent either one of them changing
while we decide.  So you need something like

		lock_page(page);
		shmem_swizzled = PageSwapCache(page) || page->mapping;
		unlock_page(page);
		put_page(page);

Just drop the WARN_ON_ONCE.  And the whole case will be so very rare,
after the preceding get_user_pages_fast(), that you're absolutely right
not to bother to try to avoid the lock_page/unlock_page in just this block.

> +
>  		if (shmem_swizzled)
>  			goto again;
> +
>  		return -EFAULT;
>  	}
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * Private mappings are handled in a simple way.
>  	 *
> +	 * If the futex key is stored on an anonymous page, then the associated
> +	 * object is the mm which is implicitly pinned by the calling process.
> +	 *
>  	 * NOTE: When userspace waits on a MAP_SHARED mapping, even if
>  	 * it's a read-only handle, it's expected that futexes attach to
>  	 * the object not the particular process.
> @@ -566,16 +592,67 @@ again:
>  		key->both.offset |= FUT_OFF_MMSHARED; /* ref taken on mm */
>  		key->private.mm = mm;
>  		key->private.address = address;
> +
> +		get_futex_key_refs(key); /* implies MB (B) */
> +
>  	} else {
> +		struct inode *inode;
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * The associtated futex object in this case is the inode and
> +		 * the page->mapping must be traversed. Ordinarily this should
> +		 * be stabilised under page lock but it's not strictly
> +		 * necessary in this case as we just want to pin the inode, not
> +		 * update radix tree or anything like that.
> +		 *
> +		 * The RCU read lock is taken as the inode is finally freed
> +		 * under RCU. If the mapping still matches expectations then the
> +		 * mapping->host can be safely accessed as being a valid inode.
> +		 */
> +		rcu_read_lock();
> +		if (READ_ONCE(page->mapping) != mapping ||
> +		    !mapping->host) {

If you're being as paranoid as all the WARN_ON_ONCEs hereabouts imply,
then it would be better to do the inode = READ_ONCE(mapping->host)
before checking !inode rather than !mapping->host.

> +			rcu_read_unlock();
> +			put_page(page);
> +
> +			goto again;
> +		}
> +		inode = READ_ONCE(mapping->host);
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * Take a reference unless it is about to be freed. Previously
> +		 * this reference was taken by ihold under the page lock
> +		 * pinning the inode in place so i_lock was unnecessary. The
> +		 * only way for this check to fail is if the inode was
> +		 * truncated in parallel so warn for now if this happens.
> +		 *
> +		 * We are not calling into get_futex_key_refs() in file-backed
> +		 * cases, therefore a successful atomic_inc return below will
> +		 * guarantee that get_futex_key() will continue to imply MB (B).
> +		 */
> +		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&inode->i_count))) {
> +			rcu_read_unlock();
> +			put_page(page);
> +
> +			goto again;
> +		}
> +
> +		/* Should be impossible but lets be paranoid for now */
> +		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(inode->i_mapping != mapping)) {
> +			err = -EFAULT;
> +			iput(inode);
> +			rcu_read_unlock();

I think this is probably a WARN_ON_ONCE too many (but I'm error-prone on
inode -> i_mapping -> host relationships, so ignore me); but if it's kept
then I think you ought to do the iput(inode) after the rcu_read_unlock() -
iput() can get into lots more work than you expect.

Otherwise it appeared to be good to me (but years since I've been near here).

Hugh

> +
> +			goto out;
> +		}
> +
>  		key->both.offset |= FUT_OFF_INODE; /* inode-based key */
> -		key->shared.inode = mapping->host;
> +		key->shared.inode = inode;
>  		key->shared.pgoff = basepage_index(page);
> +		rcu_read_unlock();
>  	}
>  
> -	get_futex_key_refs(key); /* implies MB (B) */
> -
>  out:
> -	unlock_page(page);
>  	put_page(page);
>  	return err;
>  }
> -- 
> 2.1.4

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