Date:	Wed, 06 Apr 2016 22:01:14 +0900
From:	Chulmin Kim <cmlaika.kim@...sung.com>
To:	Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc:	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 13/16] zsmalloc: migrate head page of zspage

On 2016년 03월 30일 16:12, Minchan Kim wrote:
> This patch introduces run-time migration feature for zspage.
> To begin with, it supports only head page migration for
> easy review(later patches will support tail page migration).
>
> For migration, it supports three functions
>
> * zs_page_isolate
>
> It isolates a zspage which includes a subpage VM want to migrate
> from class so anyone cannot allocate new object from the zspage.
> IOW, allocation freeze
>
> * zs_page_migrate
>
> First of all, it freezes zspage to prevent zspage destrunction
> so anyone cannot free object. Then, It copies content from oldpage
> to newpage and create new page-chain with new page.
> If it was successful, drop the refcount of old page to free
> and putback new zspage to right data structure of zsmalloc.
> Lastly, unfreeze zspages so we allows object allocation/free
> from now on.
>
> * zs_page_putback
>
> It returns isolated zspage to right fullness_group list
> if it fails to migrate a page.
>
> NOTE: A hurdle to support migration is that destroying zspage
> while migration is going on. Once a zspage is isolated,
> anyone cannot allocate object from the zspage but can deallocate
> object freely so a zspage could be destroyed until all of objects
> in zspage are freezed to prevent deallocation. The problem is
> large window betwwen zs_page_isolate and freeze_zspage
> in zs_page_migrate so the zspage could be destroyed.
>
> A easy approach to solve the problem is that object freezing
> in zs_page_isolate but it has a drawback that any object cannot
> be deallocated until migration fails after isolation. However,
> There is large time gab between isolation and migration so
> any object freeing in other CPU should spin by pin_tag which
> would cause big latency. So, this patch introduces lock_zspage
> which holds PG_lock of all pages in a zspage right before
> freeing the zspage. VM migration locks the page, too right
> before calling ->migratepage so such race doesn't exist any more.
>
> Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
> ---
>   include/uapi/linux/magic.h |   1 +
>   mm/zsmalloc.c              | 332 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>   2 files changed, 318 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/magic.h b/include/uapi/linux/magic.h
> index e1fbe72c39c0..93b1affe4801 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/magic.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/magic.h
> @@ -79,5 +79,6 @@
>   #define NSFS_MAGIC		0x6e736673
>   #define BPF_FS_MAGIC		0xcafe4a11
>   #define BALLOON_KVM_MAGIC	0x13661366
> +#define ZSMALLOC_MAGIC		0x58295829
>
>   #endif /* __LINUX_MAGIC_H__ */
> diff --git a/mm/zsmalloc.c b/mm/zsmalloc.c
> index ac8ca7b10720..f6c9138c3be0 100644
> --- a/mm/zsmalloc.c
> +++ b/mm/zsmalloc.c
> @@ -56,6 +56,8 @@
>   #include <linux/debugfs.h>
>   #include <linux/zsmalloc.h>
>   #include <linux/zpool.h>
> +#include <linux/mount.h>
> +#include <linux/migrate.h>
>
>   /*
>    * This must be power of 2 and greater than of equal to sizeof(link_free).
> @@ -182,6 +184,8 @@ struct zs_size_stat {
>   static struct dentry *zs_stat_root;
>   #endif
>
> +static struct vfsmount *zsmalloc_mnt;
> +
>   /*
>    * number of size_classes
>    */
> @@ -263,6 +267,7 @@ struct zs_pool {
>   #ifdef CONFIG_ZSMALLOC_STAT
>   	struct dentry *stat_dentry;
>   #endif
> +	struct inode *inode;
>   };
>
>   struct zs_meta {
> @@ -412,6 +417,29 @@ static int is_last_page(struct page *page)
>   	return PagePrivate2(page);
>   }
>
> +/*
> + * Indicate that whether zspage is isolated for page migration.
> + * Protected by size_class lock
> + */
> +static void SetZsPageIsolate(struct page *first_page)
> +{
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!is_first_page(first_page), first_page);
> +	SetPageUptodate(first_page);
> +}
> +
> +static int ZsPageIsolate(struct page *first_page)
> +{
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!is_first_page(first_page), first_page);
> +
> +	return PageUptodate(first_page);
> +}
> +
> +static void ClearZsPageIsolate(struct page *first_page)
> +{
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!is_first_page(first_page), first_page);
> +	ClearPageUptodate(first_page);
> +}
> +
>   static int get_zspage_inuse(struct page *first_page)
>   {
>   	struct zs_meta *m;
> @@ -783,8 +811,11 @@ static enum fullness_group fix_fullness_group(struct size_class *class,
>   	if (newfg == currfg)
>   		goto out;
>
> -	remove_zspage(class, currfg, first_page);
> -	insert_zspage(class, newfg, first_page);
> +	/* Later, putback will insert page to right list */
> +	if (!ZsPageIsolate(first_page)) {
> +		remove_zspage(class, currfg, first_page);
> +		insert_zspage(class, newfg, first_page);
> +	}

Hello, Minchan.

I am running a serious stress test using this patchset.
(By the way, there can be a false alarm as I am working on Kernel v3.18.)

I got a bug as depicted in the below.

<0>[47821.493416]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] page:ffffffbdc44aaac0 
count:0 mapcount:0 mapping:          (null) index:0x2
<0>[47821.493524]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] flags: 0x4000000000000000()
<1>[47821.493592]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] page dumped because: 
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!is_first_page(first_page))
<4>[47821.493684]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] ------------[ cut here 
]------------
...
<4>[47821.507309]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] [<ffffffc0002515f4>] 
get_zspage_inuse+0x1c/0x30
<4>[47821.507381]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] [<ffffffc0002517a8>] 
insert_zspage+0x94/0xb0
<4>[47821.507452]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] [<ffffffc000252290>] 
putback_zspage+0xac/0xd4
<4>[47821.507522]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] [<ffffffc0002539a0>] 
zs_page_migrate+0x3d8/0x464
<4>[47821.507595]  [3:      dumpstate:16261] [<ffffffc000250294>] 
migrate_pages+0x5dc/0x88


When calling get_zspage_inuse(*head) in insert_zspage(),
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE occurred as *head was not the first page of a zspage.


During the debugging,
I thought that *head page could be a free page in pcp list.
- count, mapcount were reset.
- page->freelist = MIGRATE_MOVABLE (0x2)
- *head page had the multiple pages in the same state.


Here is my theory.

Circumstances
(1) A certain page in a zs page is isolated and about to be migrated. 
(not being migrated)
(2) zs_free() simultaneously occurred for the zs object in the above zs 
page.

What may happen.
(1) Assume that the above zs_free() made the zspage's FG to ZS_EMPTY.
(2) However, as the zspage is isolated, the zspage is not removed from 
the fullness list (e.g. reside in fullness_list[ZS_ALMOST_EMPTY]).
(according to this patch's code line just before my greeting.)
(3) The zspage is reset by free_zspage() in zs_free().
(4) and freed (maybe after zs_putback_page()).
(5) Freed zspage becomes a free page and is inserted into pcp freelist.


If my theory is correct,
we need some change in this patch.
(e.g. allow remove_zspage in fix_fullness_group())


Please check it out.

Thanks.


>   	set_zspage_mapping(first_page, class_idx, newfg);
>
>   out:
> @@ -950,12 +981,31 @@ static void unpin_tag(unsigned long handle)
>
>   static void reset_page(struct page *page)
>   {
> +	if (!PageIsolated(page))
> +		__ClearPageMovable(page);
> +	ClearPageIsolated(page);
>   	clear_bit(PG_private, &page->flags);
>   	clear_bit(PG_private_2, &page->flags);
>   	set_page_private(page, 0);
>   	page->freelist = NULL;
>   }
>
> +/**
> + * lock_zspage - lock all pages in the zspage
> + * @first_page: head page of the zspage
> + *
> + * To prevent destroy during migration, zspage freeing should
> + * hold locks of all pages in a zspage
> + */
> +void lock_zspage(struct page *first_page)
> +{
> +	struct page *cursor = first_page;
> +
> +	do {
> +		while (!trylock_page(cursor));
> +	} while ((cursor = get_next_page(cursor)) != NULL);
> +}
> +
>   static void free_zspage(struct zs_pool *pool, struct page *first_page)
>   {
>   	struct page *nextp, *tmp, *head_extra;
> @@ -963,26 +1013,31 @@ static void free_zspage(struct zs_pool *pool, struct page *first_page)
>   	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!is_first_page(first_page), first_page);
>   	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(get_zspage_inuse(first_page), first_page);
>
> +	lock_zspage(first_page);
>   	head_extra = (struct page *)page_private(first_page);
>
> -	reset_page(first_page);
> -	__free_page(first_page);
> -
>   	/* zspage with only 1 system page */
>   	if (!head_extra)
> -		return;
> +		goto out;
>
>   	list_for_each_entry_safe(nextp, tmp, &head_extra->lru, lru) {
>   		list_del(&nextp->lru);
>   		reset_page(nextp);
> -		__free_page(nextp);
> +		unlock_page(nextp);
> +		put_page(nextp);
>   	}
>   	reset_page(head_extra);
> -	__free_page(head_extra);
> +	unlock_page(head_extra);
> +	put_page(head_extra);
> +out:
> +	reset_page(first_page);
> +	unlock_page(first_page);
> +	put_page(first_page);
>   }
>
>   /* Initialize a newly allocated zspage */
> -static void init_zspage(struct size_class *class, struct page *first_page)
> +static void init_zspage(struct size_class *class, struct page *first_page,
> +			struct address_space *mapping)
>   {
>   	int freeobj = 1;
>   	unsigned long off = 0;
> @@ -991,6 +1046,9 @@ static void init_zspage(struct size_class *class, struct page *first_page)
>   	first_page->freelist = NULL;
>   	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&first_page->lru);
>   	set_zspage_inuse(first_page, 0);
> +	BUG_ON(!trylock_page(first_page));
> +	__SetPageMovable(first_page, mapping);
> +	unlock_page(first_page);
>
>   	while (page) {
>   		struct page *next_page;
> @@ -1065,10 +1123,45 @@ static void create_page_chain(struct page *pages[], int nr_pages)
>   	}
>   }
>
> +static void replace_sub_page(struct size_class *class, struct page *first_page,
> +		struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage)
> +{
> +	struct page *page;
> +	struct page *pages[ZS_MAX_PAGES_PER_ZSPAGE] = {NULL,};
> +	int idx = 0;
> +
> +	page = first_page;
> +	do {
> +		if (page == oldpage)
> +			pages[idx] = newpage;
> +		else
> +			pages[idx] = page;
> +		idx++;
> +	} while ((page = get_next_page(page)) != NULL);
> +
> +	create_page_chain(pages, class->pages_per_zspage);
> +
> +	if (is_first_page(oldpage)) {
> +		enum fullness_group fg;
> +		int class_idx;
> +
> +		SetZsPageIsolate(newpage);
> +		get_zspage_mapping(oldpage, &class_idx, &fg);
> +		set_zspage_mapping(newpage, class_idx, fg);
> +		set_freeobj(newpage, get_freeobj(oldpage));
> +		set_zspage_inuse(newpage, get_zspage_inuse(oldpage));
> +		if (class->huge)
> +			set_page_private(newpage,  page_private(oldpage));
> +	}
> +
> +	__SetPageMovable(newpage, oldpage->mapping);
> +}
> +
>   /*
>    * Allocate a zspage for the given size class
>    */
> -static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct size_class *class, gfp_t flags)
> +static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct zs_pool *pool,
> +				struct size_class *class)
>   {
>   	int i;
>   	struct page *first_page = NULL;
> @@ -1088,7 +1181,7 @@ static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct size_class *class, gfp_t flags)
>   	for (i = 0; i < class->pages_per_zspage; i++) {
>   		struct page *page;
>
> -		page = alloc_page(flags);
> +		page = alloc_page(pool->flags);
>   		if (!page) {
>   			while (--i >= 0)
>   				__free_page(pages[i]);
> @@ -1100,7 +1193,7 @@ static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct size_class *class, gfp_t flags)
>
>   	create_page_chain(pages, class->pages_per_zspage);
>   	first_page = pages[0];
> -	init_zspage(class, first_page);
> +	init_zspage(class, first_page, pool->inode->i_mapping);
>
>   	return first_page;
>   }
> @@ -1499,7 +1592,7 @@ unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size)
>
>   	if (!first_page) {
>   		spin_unlock(&class->lock);
> -		first_page = alloc_zspage(class, pool->flags);
> +		first_page = alloc_zspage(pool, class);
>   		if (unlikely(!first_page)) {
>   			free_handle(pool, handle);
>   			return 0;
> @@ -1559,6 +1652,7 @@ void zs_free(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
>   	if (unlikely(!handle))
>   		return;
>
> +	/* Once handle is pinned, page|object migration cannot work */
>   	pin_tag(handle);
>   	obj = handle_to_obj(handle);
>   	obj_to_location(obj, &f_page, &f_objidx);
> @@ -1714,6 +1808,9 @@ static enum fullness_group putback_zspage(struct size_class *class,
>   {
>   	enum fullness_group fullness;
>
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!list_empty(&first_page->lru), first_page);
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(ZsPageIsolate(first_page), first_page);
> +
>   	fullness = get_fullness_group(class, first_page);
>   	insert_zspage(class, fullness, first_page);
>   	set_zspage_mapping(first_page, class->index, fullness);
> @@ -2059,6 +2156,173 @@ static int zs_register_shrinker(struct zs_pool *pool)
>   	return register_shrinker(&pool->shrinker);
>   }
>
> +bool zs_page_isolate(struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode)
> +{
> +	struct zs_pool *pool;
> +	struct size_class *class;
> +	int class_idx;
> +	enum fullness_group fullness;
> +	struct page *first_page;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The page is locked so it couldn't be destroyed.
> +	 * For detail, look at lock_zspage in free_zspage.
> +	 */
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageIsolated(page), page);
> +	/*
> +	 * In this implementation, it allows only first page migration.
> +	 */
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!is_first_page(page), page);
> +	first_page = page;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Without class lock, fullness is meaningless while constant
> +	 * class_idx is okay. We will get it under class lock at below,
> +	 * again.
> +	 */
> +	get_zspage_mapping(first_page, &class_idx, &fullness);
> +	pool = page->mapping->private_data;
> +	class = pool->size_class[class_idx];
> +
> +	if (!spin_trylock(&class->lock))
> +		return false;
> +
> +	get_zspage_mapping(first_page, &class_idx, &fullness);
> +	remove_zspage(class, fullness, first_page);
> +	SetZsPageIsolate(first_page);
> +	SetPageIsolated(page);
> +	spin_unlock(&class->lock);
> +
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +int zs_page_migrate(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *newpage,
> +		struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode)
> +{
> +	struct zs_pool *pool;
> +	struct size_class *class;
> +	int class_idx;
> +	enum fullness_group fullness;
> +	struct page *first_page;
> +	void *s_addr, *d_addr, *addr;
> +	int ret = -EBUSY;
> +	int offset = 0;
> +	int freezed = 0;
> +
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageMovable(page), page);
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageIsolated(page), page);
> +
> +	first_page = page;
> +	get_zspage_mapping(first_page, &class_idx, &fullness);
> +	pool = page->mapping->private_data;
> +	class = pool->size_class[class_idx];
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Get stable fullness under class->lock
> +	 */
> +	if (!spin_trylock(&class->lock))
> +		return ret;
> +
> +	get_zspage_mapping(first_page, &class_idx, &fullness);
> +	if (get_zspage_inuse(first_page) == 0)
> +		goto out_class_unlock;
> +
> +	freezed = freeze_zspage(class, first_page);
> +	if (freezed != get_zspage_inuse(first_page))
> +		goto out_unfreeze;
> +
> +	/* copy contents from page to newpage */
> +	s_addr = kmap_atomic(page);
> +	d_addr = kmap_atomic(newpage);
> +	memcpy(d_addr, s_addr, PAGE_SIZE);
> +	kunmap_atomic(d_addr);
> +	kunmap_atomic(s_addr);
> +
> +	if (!is_first_page(page))
> +		offset = page->index;
> +
> +	addr = kmap_atomic(page);
> +	do {
> +		unsigned long handle;
> +		unsigned long head;
> +		unsigned long new_obj, old_obj;
> +		unsigned long obj_idx;
> +		struct page *dummy;
> +
> +		head = obj_to_head(class, page, addr + offset);
> +		if (head & OBJ_ALLOCATED_TAG) {
> +			handle = head & ~OBJ_ALLOCATED_TAG;
> +			if (!testpin_tag(handle))
> +				BUG();
> +
> +			old_obj = handle_to_obj(handle);
> +			obj_to_location(old_obj, &dummy, &obj_idx);
> +			new_obj = location_to_obj(newpage, obj_idx);
> +			new_obj |= BIT(HANDLE_PIN_BIT);
> +			record_obj(handle, new_obj);
> +		}
> +		offset += class->size;
> +	} while (offset < PAGE_SIZE);
> +	kunmap_atomic(addr);
> +
> +	replace_sub_page(class, first_page, newpage, page);
> +	first_page = newpage;
> +	get_page(newpage);
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(get_fullness_group(class, first_page) ==
> +			ZS_EMPTY, first_page);
> +	ClearZsPageIsolate(first_page);
> +	putback_zspage(class, first_page);
> +
> +	/* Migration complete. Free old page */
> +	ClearPageIsolated(page);
> +	reset_page(page);
> +	put_page(page);
> +	ret = MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS;
> +
> +out_unfreeze:
> +	unfreeze_zspage(class, first_page, freezed);
> +out_class_unlock:
> +	spin_unlock(&class->lock);
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
> +void zs_page_putback(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	struct zs_pool *pool;
> +	struct size_class *class;
> +	int class_idx;
> +	enum fullness_group fullness;
> +	struct page *first_page;
> +
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageMovable(page), page);
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageIsolated(page), page);
> +
> +	first_page = page;
> +	get_zspage_mapping(first_page, &class_idx, &fullness);
> +	pool = page->mapping->private_data;
> +	class = pool->size_class[class_idx];
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * If there is race betwwen zs_free and here, free_zspage
> +	 * in zs_free will wait the page lock of @page without
> +	 * destroying of zspage.
> +	 */
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&first_page->lru);
> +	spin_lock(&class->lock);
> +	ClearPageIsolated(page);
> +	ClearZsPageIsolate(first_page);
> +	putback_zspage(class, first_page);
> +	spin_unlock(&class->lock);
> +}
> +
> +const struct address_space_operations zsmalloc_aops = {
> +	.isolate_page = zs_page_isolate,
> +	.migratepage = zs_page_migrate,
> +	.putback_page = zs_page_putback,
> +};
> +
>   /**
>    * zs_create_pool - Creates an allocation pool to work from.
>    * @flags: allocation flags used to allocate pool metadata
> @@ -2145,6 +2409,15 @@ struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(const char *name, gfp_t flags)
>   	if (zs_pool_stat_create(pool, name))
>   		goto err;
>
> +	pool->inode = alloc_anon_inode(zsmalloc_mnt->mnt_sb);
> +	if (IS_ERR(pool->inode)) {
> +		pool->inode = NULL;
> +		goto err;
> +	}
> +
> +	pool->inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &zsmalloc_aops;
> +	pool->inode->i_mapping->private_data = pool;
> +
>   	/*
>   	 * Not critical, we still can use the pool
>   	 * and user can trigger compaction manually.
> @@ -2164,6 +2437,8 @@ void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool)
>   	int i;
>
>   	zs_unregister_shrinker(pool);
> +	if (pool->inode)
> +		iput(pool->inode);
>   	zs_pool_stat_destroy(pool);
>
>   	for (i = 0; i < zs_size_classes; i++) {
> @@ -2192,10 +2467,33 @@ void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool)
>   }
>   EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_destroy_pool);
>
> +static struct dentry *zs_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
> +				int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data)
> +{
> +	static const struct dentry_operations ops = {
> +		.d_dname = simple_dname,
> +	};
> +
> +	return mount_pseudo(fs_type, "zsmalloc:", NULL, &ops, ZSMALLOC_MAGIC);
> +}
> +
> +static struct file_system_type zsmalloc_fs = {
> +	.name		= "zsmalloc",
> +	.mount		= zs_mount,
> +	.kill_sb	= kill_anon_super,
> +};
> +
>   static int __init zs_init(void)
>   {
> -	int ret = zs_register_cpu_notifier();
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	zsmalloc_mnt = kern_mount(&zsmalloc_fs);
> +	if (IS_ERR(zsmalloc_mnt)) {
> +		ret = PTR_ERR(zsmalloc_mnt);
> +		goto out;
> +	}
>
> +	ret = zs_register_cpu_notifier();
>   	if (ret)
>   		goto notifier_fail;
>
> @@ -2218,6 +2516,7 @@ static int __init zs_init(void)
>   		pr_err("zs stat initialization failed\n");
>   		goto stat_fail;
>   	}
> +
>   	return 0;
>
>   stat_fail:
> @@ -2226,7 +2525,8 @@ static int __init zs_init(void)
>   #endif
>   notifier_fail:
>   	zs_unregister_cpu_notifier();
> -
> +	kern_unmount(zsmalloc_mnt);
> +out:
>   	return ret;
>   }
>
> @@ -2237,6 +2537,8 @@ static void __exit zs_exit(void)
>   #endif
>   	zs_unregister_cpu_notifier();
>
> +	kern_unmount(zsmalloc_mnt);
> +
>   	zs_stat_exit();
>   }
>
>

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