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Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2016 11:12:01 +0100
From: Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>, Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>
Subject: [PATCH 00/24] Optimise page alloc/free fast paths v2
Sorry for the quick resend. One patch had a warning still and while I
was there, I added a few patches in the bulk pcp free path.
Changelog since v1
o Fix an unused variable warning
o Throw in a few optimisations in the bulk pcp free path
o Rebase to 4.6-rc3
Another year, another round of page allocator optimisations focusing this
time on the alloc and free fast paths. This should be of help to workloads
that are allocator-intensive from kernel space where the cost of zeroing
is not nceessraily incurred.
The series is motivated by the observation that page alloc microbenchmarks
on multiple machines regressed between 3.12.44 and 4.4. Second, there is
discussions before LSF/MM considering the possibility of adding another
page allocator which is potentially hazardous but a patch series improving
performance is better than whining.
After the series is applied, there are still hazards. In the free paths,
the debugging checking and page zone/pageblock lookups dominate but
there was not an obvious solution to that. In the alloc path, the major
contributers are dealing with zonelists, new page preperation, the fair
zone allocation and numerous statistic updates. The fair zone allocator
is removed by the per-node LRU series if that gets merged so it's nor a
major concern at the moment.
On normal userspace benchmarks, there is little impact as the zeroing cost
is significant but it's visible
aim9
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
vanilla cpuset-v1r20
Min page_test 864733.33 ( 0.00%) 922986.67 ( 6.74%)
Min brk_test 6212191.87 ( 0.00%) 6271866.67 ( 0.96%)
Min exec_test 1294.67 ( 0.00%) 1306.00 ( 0.88%)
Min fork_test 12644.90 ( 0.00%) 12713.33 ( 0.54%)
The overall impact on a page allocator microbenchmark for a range of orders
and number of pages allocated in a batch is
4.6.0-rc3 4.6.0-rc2
vanilla micro-v2
Min alloc-odr0-1 428.00 ( 0.00%) 343.00 ( 19.86%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 314.00 ( 0.00%) 252.00 ( 19.75%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 256.00 ( 0.00%) 209.00 ( 18.36%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 223.00 ( 0.00%) 182.00 ( 18.39%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 207.00 ( 0.00%) 168.00 ( 18.84%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 197.00 ( 0.00%) 162.00 ( 17.77%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 193.00 ( 0.00%) 159.00 ( 17.62%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 191.00 ( 0.00%) 157.00 ( 17.80%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 200.00 ( 0.00%) 167.00 ( 16.50%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 212.00 ( 0.00%) 179.00 ( 15.57%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 220.00 ( 0.00%) 184.00 ( 16.36%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 226.00 ( 0.00%) 190.00 ( 15.93%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 233.00 ( 0.00%) 197.00 ( 15.45%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 235.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 15.32%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 235.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 15.32%)
Min alloc-odr1-1 519.00 ( 0.00%) 461.00 ( 11.18%)
Min alloc-odr1-2 391.00 ( 0.00%) 344.00 ( 12.02%)
Min alloc-odr1-4 312.00 ( 0.00%) 276.00 ( 11.54%)
Min alloc-odr1-8 276.00 ( 0.00%) 238.00 ( 13.77%)
Min alloc-odr1-16 256.00 ( 0.00%) 220.00 ( 14.06%)
Min alloc-odr1-32 247.00 ( 0.00%) 211.00 ( 14.57%)
Min alloc-odr1-64 242.00 ( 0.00%) 208.00 ( 14.05%)
Min alloc-odr1-128 245.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 15.92%)
Min alloc-odr1-256 244.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 15.57%)
Min alloc-odr1-512 245.00 ( 0.00%) 209.00 ( 14.69%)
Min alloc-odr1-1024 246.00 ( 0.00%) 211.00 ( 14.23%)
Min alloc-odr1-2048 253.00 ( 0.00%) 220.00 ( 13.04%)
Min alloc-odr1-4096 258.00 ( 0.00%) 224.00 ( 13.18%)
Min alloc-odr1-8192 261.00 ( 0.00%) 226.00 ( 13.41%)
Min alloc-odr2-1 560.00 ( 0.00%) 480.00 ( 14.29%)
Min alloc-odr2-2 422.00 ( 0.00%) 366.00 ( 13.27%)
Min alloc-odr2-4 339.00 ( 0.00%) 289.00 ( 14.75%)
Min alloc-odr2-8 297.00 ( 0.00%) 250.00 ( 15.82%)
Min alloc-odr2-16 277.00 ( 0.00%) 233.00 ( 15.88%)
Min alloc-odr2-32 268.00 ( 0.00%) 223.00 ( 16.79%)
Min alloc-odr2-64 266.00 ( 0.00%) 219.00 ( 17.67%)
Min alloc-odr2-128 264.00 ( 0.00%) 218.00 ( 17.42%)
Min alloc-odr2-256 265.00 ( 0.00%) 219.00 ( 17.36%)
Min alloc-odr2-512 270.00 ( 0.00%) 224.00 ( 17.04%)
Min alloc-odr2-1024 279.00 ( 0.00%) 234.00 ( 16.13%)
Min alloc-odr2-2048 284.00 ( 0.00%) 239.00 ( 15.85%)
Min alloc-odr2-4096 285.00 ( 0.00%) 239.00 ( 16.14%)
Min alloc-odr3-1 629.00 ( 0.00%) 526.00 ( 16.38%)
Min alloc-odr3-2 471.00 ( 0.00%) 395.00 ( 16.14%)
Min alloc-odr3-4 382.00 ( 0.00%) 315.00 ( 17.54%)
Min alloc-odr3-8 466.00 ( 0.00%) 279.00 ( 40.13%)
Min alloc-odr3-16 316.00 ( 0.00%) 259.00 ( 18.04%)
Min alloc-odr3-32 307.00 ( 0.00%) 251.00 ( 18.24%)
Min alloc-odr3-64 305.00 ( 0.00%) 248.00 ( 18.69%)
Min alloc-odr3-128 308.00 ( 0.00%) 248.00 ( 19.48%)
Min alloc-odr3-256 317.00 ( 0.00%) 256.00 ( 19.24%)
Min alloc-odr3-512 327.00 ( 0.00%) 262.00 ( 19.88%)
Min alloc-odr3-1024 332.00 ( 0.00%) 268.00 ( 19.28%)
Min alloc-odr3-2048 333.00 ( 0.00%) 269.00 ( 19.22%)
Min alloc-odr4-1 764.00 ( 0.00%) 607.00 ( 20.55%)
Min alloc-odr4-2 577.00 ( 0.00%) 459.00 ( 20.45%)
Min alloc-odr4-4 473.00 ( 0.00%) 370.00 ( 21.78%)
Min alloc-odr4-8 420.00 ( 0.00%) 327.00 ( 22.14%)
Min alloc-odr4-16 397.00 ( 0.00%) 309.00 ( 22.17%)
Min alloc-odr4-32 391.00 ( 0.00%) 303.00 ( 22.51%)
Min alloc-odr4-64 395.00 ( 0.00%) 302.00 ( 23.54%)
Min alloc-odr4-128 408.00 ( 0.00%) 311.00 ( 23.77%)
Min alloc-odr4-256 421.00 ( 0.00%) 326.00 ( 22.57%)
Min alloc-odr4-512 428.00 ( 0.00%) 333.00 ( 22.20%)
Min alloc-odr4-1024 429.00 ( 0.00%) 330.00 ( 23.08%)
Min free-odr0-1 216.00 ( 0.00%) 193.00 ( 10.65%)
Min free-odr0-2 152.00 ( 0.00%) 137.00 ( 9.87%)
Min free-odr0-4 119.00 ( 0.00%) 107.00 ( 10.08%)
Min free-odr0-8 106.00 ( 0.00%) 95.00 ( 10.38%)
Min free-odr0-16 97.00 ( 0.00%) 87.00 ( 10.31%)
Min free-odr0-32 92.00 ( 0.00%) 82.00 ( 10.87%)
Min free-odr0-64 89.00 ( 0.00%) 80.00 ( 10.11%)
Min free-odr0-128 89.00 ( 0.00%) 79.00 ( 11.24%)
Min free-odr0-256 102.00 ( 0.00%) 94.00 ( 7.84%)
Min free-odr0-512 117.00 ( 0.00%) 110.00 ( 5.98%)
Min free-odr0-1024 125.00 ( 0.00%) 118.00 ( 5.60%)
Min free-odr0-2048 131.00 ( 0.00%) 123.00 ( 6.11%)
Min free-odr0-4096 136.00 ( 0.00%) 126.00 ( 7.35%)
Min free-odr0-8192 136.00 ( 0.00%) 127.00 ( 6.62%)
Min free-odr0-16384 137.00 ( 0.00%) 127.00 ( 7.30%)
Min free-odr1-1 317.00 ( 0.00%) 292.00 ( 7.89%)
Min free-odr1-2 228.00 ( 0.00%) 210.00 ( 7.89%)
Min free-odr1-4 182.00 ( 0.00%) 169.00 ( 7.14%)
Min free-odr1-8 162.00 ( 0.00%) 148.00 ( 8.64%)
Min free-odr1-16 152.00 ( 0.00%) 138.00 ( 9.21%)
Min free-odr1-32 144.00 ( 0.00%) 132.00 ( 8.33%)
Min free-odr1-64 143.00 ( 0.00%) 131.00 ( 8.39%)
Min free-odr1-128 148.00 ( 0.00%) 136.00 ( 8.11%)
Min free-odr1-256 150.00 ( 0.00%) 141.00 ( 6.00%)
Min free-odr1-512 151.00 ( 0.00%) 144.00 ( 4.64%)
Min free-odr1-1024 155.00 ( 0.00%) 147.00 ( 5.16%)
Min free-odr1-2048 157.00 ( 0.00%) 150.00 ( 4.46%)
Min free-odr1-4096 156.00 ( 0.00%) 147.00 ( 5.77%)
Min free-odr1-8192 156.00 ( 0.00%) 146.00 ( 6.41%)
Min free-odr2-1 363.00 ( 0.00%) 315.00 ( 13.22%)
Min free-odr2-2 256.00 ( 0.00%) 229.00 ( 10.55%)
Min free-odr2-4 209.00 ( 0.00%) 189.00 ( 9.57%)
Min free-odr2-8 182.00 ( 0.00%) 162.00 ( 10.99%)
Min free-odr2-16 171.00 ( 0.00%) 154.00 ( 9.94%)
Min free-odr2-32 165.00 ( 0.00%) 152.00 ( 7.88%)
Min free-odr2-64 166.00 ( 0.00%) 153.00 ( 7.83%)
Min free-odr2-128 167.00 ( 0.00%) 156.00 ( 6.59%)
Min free-odr2-256 170.00 ( 0.00%) 159.00 ( 6.47%)
Min free-odr2-512 177.00 ( 0.00%) 165.00 ( 6.78%)
Min free-odr2-1024 184.00 ( 0.00%) 168.00 ( 8.70%)
Min free-odr2-2048 182.00 ( 0.00%) 165.00 ( 9.34%)
Min free-odr2-4096 181.00 ( 0.00%) 163.00 ( 9.94%)
Min free-odr3-1 442.00 ( 0.00%) 376.00 ( 14.93%)
Min free-odr3-2 310.00 ( 0.00%) 272.00 ( 12.26%)
Min free-odr3-4 253.00 ( 0.00%) 215.00 ( 15.02%)
Min free-odr3-8 285.00 ( 0.00%) 193.00 ( 32.28%)
Min free-odr3-16 207.00 ( 0.00%) 179.00 ( 13.53%)
Min free-odr3-32 207.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 13.04%)
Min free-odr3-64 212.00 ( 0.00%) 184.00 ( 13.21%)
Min free-odr3-128 216.00 ( 0.00%) 189.00 ( 12.50%)
Min free-odr3-256 224.00 ( 0.00%) 197.00 ( 12.05%)
Min free-odr3-512 231.00 ( 0.00%) 201.00 ( 12.99%)
Min free-odr3-1024 230.00 ( 0.00%) 202.00 ( 12.17%)
Min free-odr3-2048 229.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 13.10%)
Min free-odr4-1 559.00 ( 0.00%) 460.00 ( 17.71%)
Min free-odr4-2 406.00 ( 0.00%) 333.00 ( 17.98%)
Min free-odr4-4 336.00 ( 0.00%) 272.00 ( 19.05%)
Min free-odr4-8 298.00 ( 0.00%) 240.00 ( 19.46%)
Min free-odr4-16 283.00 ( 0.00%) 235.00 ( 16.96%)
Min free-odr4-32 291.00 ( 0.00%) 239.00 ( 17.87%)
Min free-odr4-64 297.00 ( 0.00%) 242.00 ( 18.52%)
Min free-odr4-128 309.00 ( 0.00%) 257.00 ( 16.83%)
Min free-odr4-256 322.00 ( 0.00%) 275.00 ( 14.60%)
Min free-odr4-512 326.00 ( 0.00%) 279.00 ( 14.42%)
Min free-odr4-1024 325.00 ( 0.00%) 275.00 ( 15.38%)
Min total-odr0-1 644.00 ( 0.00%) 536.00 ( 16.77%)
Min total-odr0-2 466.00 ( 0.00%) 389.00 ( 16.52%)
Min total-odr0-4 375.00 ( 0.00%) 316.00 ( 15.73%)
Min total-odr0-8 329.00 ( 0.00%) 277.00 ( 15.81%)
Min total-odr0-16 304.00 ( 0.00%) 255.00 ( 16.12%)
Min total-odr0-32 289.00 ( 0.00%) 244.00 ( 15.57%)
Min total-odr0-64 282.00 ( 0.00%) 239.00 ( 15.25%)
Min total-odr0-128 280.00 ( 0.00%) 236.00 ( 15.71%)
Min total-odr0-256 302.00 ( 0.00%) 261.00 ( 13.58%)
Min total-odr0-512 329.00 ( 0.00%) 289.00 ( 12.16%)
Min total-odr0-1024 345.00 ( 0.00%) 302.00 ( 12.46%)
Min total-odr0-2048 357.00 ( 0.00%) 313.00 ( 12.32%)
Min total-odr0-4096 369.00 ( 0.00%) 323.00 ( 12.47%)
Min total-odr0-8192 371.00 ( 0.00%) 326.00 ( 12.13%)
Min total-odr0-16384 372.00 ( 0.00%) 326.00 ( 12.37%)
Min total-odr1-1 836.00 ( 0.00%) 754.00 ( 9.81%)
Min total-odr1-2 619.00 ( 0.00%) 554.00 ( 10.50%)
Min total-odr1-4 495.00 ( 0.00%) 445.00 ( 10.10%)
Min total-odr1-8 438.00 ( 0.00%) 386.00 ( 11.87%)
Min total-odr1-16 408.00 ( 0.00%) 358.00 ( 12.25%)
Min total-odr1-32 391.00 ( 0.00%) 343.00 ( 12.28%)
Min total-odr1-64 385.00 ( 0.00%) 339.00 ( 11.95%)
Min total-odr1-128 393.00 ( 0.00%) 342.00 ( 12.98%)
Min total-odr1-256 394.00 ( 0.00%) 347.00 ( 11.93%)
Min total-odr1-512 396.00 ( 0.00%) 353.00 ( 10.86%)
Min total-odr1-1024 401.00 ( 0.00%) 358.00 ( 10.72%)
Min total-odr1-2048 410.00 ( 0.00%) 370.00 ( 9.76%)
Min total-odr1-4096 414.00 ( 0.00%) 371.00 ( 10.39%)
Min total-odr1-8192 417.00 ( 0.00%) 372.00 ( 10.79%)
Min total-odr2-1 923.00 ( 0.00%) 795.00 ( 13.87%)
Min total-odr2-2 678.00 ( 0.00%) 595.00 ( 12.24%)
Min total-odr2-4 548.00 ( 0.00%) 478.00 ( 12.77%)
Min total-odr2-8 480.00 ( 0.00%) 412.00 ( 14.17%)
Min total-odr2-16 448.00 ( 0.00%) 387.00 ( 13.62%)
Min total-odr2-32 433.00 ( 0.00%) 375.00 ( 13.39%)
Min total-odr2-64 432.00 ( 0.00%) 372.00 ( 13.89%)
Min total-odr2-128 431.00 ( 0.00%) 374.00 ( 13.23%)
Min total-odr2-256 436.00 ( 0.00%) 378.00 ( 13.30%)
Min total-odr2-512 447.00 ( 0.00%) 389.00 ( 12.98%)
Min total-odr2-1024 463.00 ( 0.00%) 402.00 ( 13.17%)
Min total-odr2-2048 466.00 ( 0.00%) 404.00 ( 13.30%)
Min total-odr2-4096 466.00 ( 0.00%) 402.00 ( 13.73%)
Min total-odr3-1 1071.00 ( 0.00%) 904.00 ( 15.59%)
Min total-odr3-2 781.00 ( 0.00%) 667.00 ( 14.60%)
Min total-odr3-4 636.00 ( 0.00%) 531.00 ( 16.51%)
Min total-odr3-8 751.00 ( 0.00%) 472.00 ( 37.15%)
Min total-odr3-16 523.00 ( 0.00%) 438.00 ( 16.25%)
Min total-odr3-32 514.00 ( 0.00%) 431.00 ( 16.15%)
Min total-odr3-64 517.00 ( 0.00%) 432.00 ( 16.44%)
Min total-odr3-128 524.00 ( 0.00%) 437.00 ( 16.60%)
Min total-odr3-256 541.00 ( 0.00%) 453.00 ( 16.27%)
Min total-odr3-512 558.00 ( 0.00%) 463.00 ( 17.03%)
Min total-odr3-1024 562.00 ( 0.00%) 470.00 ( 16.37%)
Min total-odr3-2048 562.00 ( 0.00%) 468.00 ( 16.73%)
Min total-odr4-1 1323.00 ( 0.00%) 1067.00 ( 19.35%)
Min total-odr4-2 983.00 ( 0.00%) 792.00 ( 19.43%)
Min total-odr4-4 809.00 ( 0.00%) 642.00 ( 20.64%)
Min total-odr4-8 718.00 ( 0.00%) 567.00 ( 21.03%)
Min total-odr4-16 680.00 ( 0.00%) 544.00 ( 20.00%)
Min total-odr4-32 682.00 ( 0.00%) 542.00 ( 20.53%)
Min total-odr4-64 692.00 ( 0.00%) 544.00 ( 21.39%)
Min total-odr4-128 717.00 ( 0.00%) 568.00 ( 20.78%)
Min total-odr4-256 743.00 ( 0.00%) 601.00 ( 19.11%)
Min total-odr4-512 754.00 ( 0.00%) 612.00 ( 18.83%)
Min total-odr4-1024 754.00 ( 0.00%) 605.00 ( 19.76%)
fs/buffer.c | 10 +-
include/linux/compaction.h | 6 +-
include/linux/cpuset.h | 42 ++++--
include/linux/mm.h | 5 +-
include/linux/mmzone.h | 34 +++--
include/linux/page-flags.h | 7 +-
include/linux/vmstat.h | 2 -
kernel/cpuset.c | 14 +-
mm/compaction.c | 12 +-
mm/internal.h | 4 +-
mm/mempolicy.c | 19 +--
mm/mmzone.c | 2 +-
mm/page_alloc.c | 328 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
mm/vmstat.c | 25 ----
14 files changed, 293 insertions(+), 217 deletions(-)
--
2.6.4
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