Date:	Mon, 2 May 2016 17:22:49 +0200
From:	Jerome Glisse <j.glisse@...il.com>
To:	"Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@...temov.name>
Cc:	Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>, Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
	Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@...hat.com>,
	kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	"linux-mm@...ck.org" <linux-mm@...ck.org>
Subject: Re: GUP guarantees wrt to userspace mappings

On Mon, May 02, 2016 at 06:00:13PM +0300, Kirill A. Shutemov wrote:
> On Mon, May 02, 2016 at 03:39:20PM +0200, Jerome Glisse wrote:
> > On Mon, May 02, 2016 at 03:14:02PM +0300, Kirill A. Shutemov wrote:
> > > On Mon, May 02, 2016 at 01:15:13PM +0200, Jerome Glisse wrote:
> > > > On Mon, May 02, 2016 at 01:41:19PM +0300, Kirill A. Shutemov wrote:
> > > > > Other thing I would like to discuss is if there's a problem on vfio side.
> > > > > To me it looks like vfio expects guarantee from get_user_pages() which it
> > > > > doesn't provide: obtaining pin on the page doesn't guarantee that the page
> > > > > is going to remain mapped into userspace until the pin is gone.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Even with THP COW regressing fixed, vfio would stay fragile: any
> > > > > MADV_DONTNEED/fork()/mremap()/whatever what would make vfio expectation
> > > > > broken.
> > > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > Well i don't think it is fair/accurate assessment of get_user_pages(), page
> > > > must remain mapped to same virtual address until pin is gone. I am ignoring
> > > > mremap() as it is a scient decision from userspace and while virtual address
> > > > change in that case, the pined page behind should move with the mapping.
> > > > Same of MADV_DONTNEED. I agree that get_user_pages() is broken after fork()
> > > > but this have been the case since dawn of time, so it is something expected.
> > > > 
> > > > If not vfio, then direct-io, have been expecting this kind of behavior for
> > > > long time, so i see this as part of get_user_pages() guarantee.
> > > > 
> > > > Concerning vfio, not providing this guarantee will break countless number of
> > > > workload. Thing like qemu/kvm allocate anonymous memory and hand it over to
> > > > the guest kernel which presents it as memory. Now a device driver inside the
> > > > guest kernel need to get bus mapping for a given (guest) page, which from
> > > > host point of view means a mapping from anonymous page to bus mapping but
> > > > for guest to keep accessing the same page the anonymous mapping (ie a
> > > > specific virtual address on the host side) must keep pointing to the same
> > > > page. This have been the case with get_user_pages() until now, so whether
> > > > we like it or not we must keep that guarantee.
> > > > 
> > > > This kind of workload knows that they can't do mremap()/fork()/... and keep
> > > > that guarantee but they at expect existing guarantee and i don't think we
> > > > can break that.
> > > 
> > > Quick look around:
> > > 
> > >  - I don't see any check page_count() around __replace_page() in uprobes,
> > >    so it can easily replace pinned page.
> > 
> > Not an issue for existing user as this is only use to instrument code, existing
> > user do not execute code from virtual address for which they have done a GUP.
> 
> Okay, so we can establish that GUP doesn't provide the guarantee in some
> cases.

Correct but it use to provide that guarantee in respect to THP.


> > >  - KSM has the page_count() check, there's still race wrt GUP_fast: it can
> > >    take the pin between the check and establishing new pte entry.
> > 
> > KSM is not an issue for existing user as they all do get_user_pages() with
> > write = 1 and the KSM first map page read only before considering to replace
> > them and check page refcount. So there can be no race with gup_fast there.
> 
> In vfio case, 'write' is conditional on IOMMU_WRITE, meaning not all
> get_user_pages() are with write=1.

I think this is still fine as it means that device will read only and thus
you can migrate to different page (ie the guest is not expecting to read back
anything writen by the device and device writting to the page would be illegal
and a proper IOMMU would forbid it). So it is like direct-io when you write
from anonymous memory to a file.


> > >  - khugepaged: the same story as with KSM.
> > 
> > I am assuming you are talking about collapse_huge_page() here, if you look in
> > that function there is a comment about GUP_fast. Noneless i believe the comment
> > is wrong as i believe there is an existing race window btw pmdp_collapse_flush()
> > and __collapse_huge_page_isolate() :
> > 
> >   get_user_pages_fast()          | collapse_huge_page()
> >    gup_pmd_range() -> valid pmd  | ...
> >                                  | pmdp_collapse_flush() clear pmd
> >                                  | ...
> >                                  | __collapse_huge_page_isolate()
> >                                  | [Above check page count and see no GUP]
> >    gup_pte_range() -> ref page   |
> > 
> > This is a very unlikely race because get_user_pages_fast() can not be preempted
> > while collapse_huge_page() can be preempted btw pmdp_collapse_flush() and
> > __collapse_huge_page_isolate(), more over collapse_huge_page() has lot more
> > instructions to chew on than get_user_pages_fast() btw gup_pmd_range() and
> > gup_pte_range().
> 
> Yes, the race window is small, but there.

Now that i think again about it, i don't think it exist. pmdp_collapse_flush()
will flush the tlb and thus send an IPI but get_user_pages_fast() can't be
preempted so the flush will have to wait for existing get_user_pages_fast() to
complete. Or am i missunderstanding flush ? So khugepaged is safe from GUP_fast
point of view like the comment, inside it, says.


> > So i think this is an unlikely race. I am not sure how to forbid it from
> > happening, except maybe in get_user_pages_fast() by checking pmd is still
> > valid after gup_pte_range().
> 
> Switching to non-fast GUP would help :-P
> 
> > > I don't see how we can deliver on the guarantee, especially with lockless
> > > GUP_fast.
> > > 
> > > Or am I missing something important?
> > 
> > So as said above, i think existing user of get_user_pages() are not sensitive
> > to the races you pointed above. I am sure there are some corner case where
> > the guarantee that GUP pin a page against a virtual address is violated but
> > i do not think they apply to any existing user of GUP.
> > 
> > Note that i would personaly like that this existing assumption about GUP did
> > not exist. I hate it, but fact is that it does exist and nobody can remember
> > where the Doc did park the Delorean
> 
> The drivers who want the guarantee can provide own ->mmap and have more
> control on what is visible in userspace.
> 
> Alternatively, we have mmu_notifiers to track changes in userspace
> mappings.
> 

Well you can't not rely on special vma here. Qemu alloc anonymous memory and
hand it over to guest, then a guest driver (ie runing in the guest not on the
host) try to map that memory and need valid DMA address for it, this is when
vfio (on the host kernel) starts pining memory of regular anonymous vma (on
the host). That same memory might back some special vma with ->mmap callback
but in the guest. Point is there is no driver on the host and no special vma.
>From host point of view this is anonymous memory, but from guest POV it is
just memory.

Requiring special vma would need major change to kvm and probably xen, in
respect on how they support things like PCI passthrough.

In existing workload, host kernel can not make assumption on how anonymous
memory is gonna be use.

Cheers,
Jérôme

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