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Message-Id: <fa7bc42def35d37f8237d8f9b2f1b1e05eb885b8.1466974736.git.luto@kernel.org>
Date: Sun, 26 Jun 2016 14:55:31 -0700
From: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>
To: x86@...nel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-arch@...r.kernel.org,
Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com>,
Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>,
"kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com"
<kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>,
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>,
Jann Horn <jann@...jh.net>,
Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@...ibm.com>,
Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>
Subject: [PATCH v4 09/29] fork: Add generic vmalloced stack support
If CONFIG_VMAP_STACK is selected, kernel stacks are allocated with
vmalloc_node.
grsecurity has had a similar feature (called
GRKERNSEC_KSTACKOVERFLOW) for a long time.
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>
---
arch/Kconfig | 29 +++++++++++++
arch/ia64/include/asm/thread_info.h | 2 +-
include/linux/sched.h | 15 +++++++
kernel/fork.c | 87 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
4 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig
index 15996290fed4..18a2c3a7b460 100644
--- a/arch/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/Kconfig
@@ -661,4 +661,33 @@ config ARCH_NO_COHERENT_DMA_MMAP
config CPU_NO_EFFICIENT_FFS
def_bool n
+config HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK
+ def_bool n
+ help
+ An arch should select this symbol if it can support kernel stacks
+ in vmalloc space. This means:
+
+ - vmalloc space must be large enough to hold many kernel stacks.
+ This may rule out many 32-bit architectures.
+
+ - Stacks in vmalloc space need to work reliably. For example, if
+ vmap page tables are created on demand, either this mechanism
+ needs to work while the stack points to a virtual address with
+ unpopulated page tables or arch code (switch_to and switch_mm,
+ most likely) needs to ensure that the stack's page table entries
+ are populated before running on a possibly unpopulated stack.
+
+ - If the stack overflows into a guard page, something reasonable
+ should happen. The definition of "reasonable" is flexible, but
+ instantly rebooting without logging anything would be unfriendly.
+
+config VMAP_STACK
+ bool "Use a virtually-mapped stack"
+ depends on HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK
+ ---help---
+ Enable this if you want the use virtually-mapped kernel stacks
+ with guard pages. This causes kernel stack overflows to be
+ caught immediately rather than causing difficult-to-diagnose
+ corruption.
+
source "kernel/gcov/Kconfig"
diff --git a/arch/ia64/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/ia64/include/asm/thread_info.h
index d1212b84fb83..f0a72e98e5a4 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/include/asm/thread_info.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/include/asm/thread_info.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct thread_info {
#define alloc_thread_stack_node(tsk, node) ((unsigned long *) 0)
#define task_thread_info(tsk) ((struct thread_info *) 0)
#endif
-#define free_thread_stack(ti) /* nothing */
+#define free_thread_stack(tsk) /* nothing */
#define task_stack_page(tsk) ((void *)(tsk))
#define __HAVE_THREAD_FUNCTIONS
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 253538f29ade..26869dba21f1 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1918,6 +1918,9 @@ struct task_struct {
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
struct task_struct *oom_reaper_list;
#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
+ struct vm_struct *stack_vm_area;
+#endif
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct thread_struct thread;
/*
@@ -1934,6 +1937,18 @@ extern int arch_task_struct_size __read_mostly;
# define arch_task_struct_size (sizeof(struct task_struct))
#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
+static inline struct vm_struct *task_stack_vm_area(const struct task_struct *t)
+{
+ return t->stack_vm_area;
+}
+#else
+static inline struct vm_struct *task_stack_vm_area(const struct task_struct *t)
+{
+ return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
/* Future-safe accessor for struct task_struct's cpus_allowed. */
#define tsk_cpus_allowed(tsk) (&(tsk)->cpus_allowed)
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 146c9840c079..06761de69360 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -158,19 +158,37 @@ void __weak arch_release_thread_stack(unsigned long *stack)
* Allocate pages if THREAD_SIZE is >= PAGE_SIZE, otherwise use a
* kmemcache based allocator.
*/
-# if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
-static unsigned long *alloc_thread_stack_node(struct task_struct *tsk,
- int node)
+# if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE || defined(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)
+static unsigned long *alloc_thread_stack_node(struct task_struct *tsk, int node)
{
+#ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
+ void *stack = __vmalloc_node_range(
+ THREAD_SIZE, THREAD_SIZE, VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
+ THREADINFO_GFP | __GFP_HIGHMEM, PAGE_KERNEL,
+ 0, node, __builtin_return_address(0));
+
+ /*
+ * We can't call find_vm_area() in interrupt context, and
+ * free_thread_info can be called in interrupt context, so cache
+ * the vm_struct.
+ */
+ if (stack)
+ tsk->stack_vm_area = find_vm_area(stack);
+ return stack;
+#else
struct page *page = alloc_kmem_pages_node(node, THREADINFO_GFP,
THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
return page ? page_address(page) : NULL;
+#endif
}
-static inline void free_thread_stack(unsigned long *stack)
+static inline void free_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
- free_kmem_pages((unsigned long)stack, THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
+ if (task_stack_vm_area(tsk))
+ vfree(tsk->stack);
+ else
+ free_kmem_pages((unsigned long)tsk->stack, THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
}
# else
static struct kmem_cache *thread_stack_cache;
@@ -181,9 +199,9 @@ static unsigned long *alloc_thread_stack_node(struct task_struct *tsk,
return kmem_cache_alloc_node(thread_stack_cache, THREADINFO_GFP, node);
}
-static void free_thread_stack(unsigned long *stack)
+static void free_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
- kmem_cache_free(thread_stack_cache, stack);
+ kmem_cache_free(thread_stack_cache, tsk->stack);
}
void thread_stack_cache_init(void)
@@ -213,24 +231,49 @@ struct kmem_cache *vm_area_cachep;
/* SLAB cache for mm_struct structures (tsk->mm) */
static struct kmem_cache *mm_cachep;
-static void account_kernel_stack(unsigned long *stack, int account)
+static void account_kernel_stack(struct task_struct *tsk, int account)
{
- /* All stack pages are in the same zone and belong to the same memcg. */
- struct page *first_page = virt_to_page(stack);
+ void *stack = task_stack_page(tsk);
+ struct vm_struct *vm = task_stack_vm_area(tsk);
+
+ BUILD_BUG_ON(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK) && PAGE_SIZE % 1024 != 0);
+
+ if (vm) {
+ int i;
- mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(first_page), NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
- THREAD_SIZE / 1024 * account);
+ BUG_ON(vm->nr_pages != THREAD_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE);
- memcg_kmem_update_page_stat(
- first_page, MEMCG_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
- account * (THREAD_SIZE / 1024));
+ for (i = 0; i < THREAD_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE; i++) {
+ mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(vm->pages[i]),
+ NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
+ PAGE_SIZE / 1024 * account);
+ }
+
+ /* All stack pages belong to the same memcg. */
+ memcg_kmem_update_page_stat(
+ vm->pages[0], MEMCG_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
+ account * (THREAD_SIZE / 1024));
+ } else {
+ /*
+ * All stack pages are in the same zone and belong to the
+ * same memcg.
+ */
+ struct page *first_page = virt_to_page(stack);
+
+ mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(first_page), NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
+ THREAD_SIZE / 1024 * account);
+
+ memcg_kmem_update_page_stat(
+ first_page, MEMCG_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
+ account * (THREAD_SIZE / 1024));
+ }
}
void free_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
- account_kernel_stack(tsk->stack, -1);
+ account_kernel_stack(tsk, -1);
arch_release_thread_stack(tsk->stack);
- free_thread_stack(tsk->stack);
+ free_thread_stack(tsk);
rt_mutex_debug_task_free(tsk);
ftrace_graph_exit_task(tsk);
put_seccomp_filter(tsk);
@@ -342,6 +385,7 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
{
struct task_struct *tsk;
unsigned long *stack;
+ struct vm_struct *stack_vm_area;
int err;
if (node == NUMA_NO_NODE)
@@ -354,11 +398,16 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
if (!stack)
goto free_tsk;
+ stack_vm_area = task_stack_vm_area(tsk);
+
err = arch_dup_task_struct(tsk, orig);
if (err)
goto free_stack;
tsk->stack = stack;
+#ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
+ tsk->stack_vm_area = stack_vm_area;
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
/*
* We must handle setting up seccomp filters once we're under
@@ -390,14 +439,14 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
tsk->task_frag.page = NULL;
tsk->wake_q.next = NULL;
- account_kernel_stack(stack, 1);
+ account_kernel_stack(tsk, 1);
kcov_task_init(tsk);
return tsk;
free_stack:
- free_thread_stack(stack);
+ free_thread_stack(tsk);
free_tsk:
free_task_struct(tsk);
return NULL;
--
2.7.4
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