linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v3 41/51] x86/entry/unwind: create stack frames for saved interrupt registers

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Date:	Sun, 14 Aug 2016 01:10:42 -0700
From:	Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>
To:	Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>
Cc:	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
	"H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>, X86 ML <x86@...nel.org>,
	"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
	Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>,
	Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
	Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@...il.com>,
	Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@....com>,
	Nilay Vaish <nilayvaish@...il.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 41/51] x86/entry/unwind: create stack frames for saved
 interrupt registers

On Fri, Aug 12, 2016 at 7:29 AM, Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com> wrote:
> With frame pointers, when a task is interrupted, its stack is no longer
> completely reliable because the function could have been interrupted
> before it had a chance to save the previous frame pointer on the stack.
> So the caller of the interrupted function could get skipped by a stack
> trace.
>
> This is problematic for live patching, which needs to know whether a
> stack trace of a sleeping task can be relied upon.  There's currently no
> way to detect if a sleeping task was interrupted by a page fault
> exception or preemption before it went to sleep.
>
> Another issue is that when dumping the stack of an interrupted task, the
> unwinder has no way of knowing where the saved pt_regs registers are, so
> it can't print them.
>
> This solves those issues by encoding the pt_regs pointer in the frame
> pointer on entry from an interrupt or an exception.
>
> This patch also updates the unwinder to be able to decode it, because
> otherwise the unwinder would be broken by this change.
>
> Note that this causes a change in the behavior of the unwinder: each
> instance of a pt_regs on the stack is now considered a "frame".  So
> callers of unwind_get_return_address() will now get an occasional
> 'regs->ip' address that would have previously been skipped over.

Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>

with minor optional nitpicks below.

>
> Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>
> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/entry/calling.h       | 21 +++++++++++
>  arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S      | 40 ++++++++++++++++++---
>  arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S      | 10 ++++--
>  arch/x86/include/asm/unwind.h  | 18 ++++++++--
>  arch/x86/kernel/unwind_frame.c | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
>  5 files changed, 153 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/calling.h b/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
> index 9a9e588..ab799a3 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
> @@ -201,6 +201,27 @@ For 32-bit we have the following conventions - kernel is built with
>         .byte 0xf1
>         .endm
>
> +       /*
> +        * This is a sneaky trick to help the unwinder find pt_regs on the
> +        * stack.  The frame pointer is replaced with an encoded pointer to
> +        * pt_regs.  The encoding is just a clearing of the highest-order bit,
> +        * which makes it an invalid address and is also a signal to the
> +        * unwinder that it's a pt_regs pointer in disguise.
> +        *
> +        * NOTE: This macro must be used *after* SAVE_EXTRA_REGS because it
> +        * corrupts the original rbp.
> +        */
> +.macro ENCODE_FRAME_POINTER ptregs_offset=0
> +#ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
> +       .if \ptregs_offset
> +               leaq \ptregs_offset(%rsp), %rbp
> +       .else
> +               mov %rsp, %rbp
> +       .endif
> +       btr $63, %rbp
> +#endif
> +.endm
> +
>  #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
>
>  /*
> diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
> index 4396278..4006fa3 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
> +++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
> @@ -174,6 +174,23 @@
>         SET_KERNEL_GS %edx
>  .endm
>
> +/*
> + * This is a sneaky trick to help the unwinder find pt_regs on the
> + * stack.  The frame pointer is replaced with an encoded pointer to
> + * pt_regs.  The encoding is just a clearing of the highest-order bit,
> + * which makes it an invalid address and is also a signal to the
> + * unwinder that it's a pt_regs pointer in disguise.
> + *
> + * NOTE: This macro must be used *after* SAVE_ALL because it corrupts the
> + * original rbp.
> + */
> +.macro ENCODE_FRAME_POINTER
> +#ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
> +       mov %esp, %ebp
> +       btr $31, %ebp
> +#endif
> +.endm
> +
>  .macro RESTORE_INT_REGS
>         popl    %ebx
>         popl    %ecx
> @@ -205,10 +222,16 @@
>  .endm
>
>  ENTRY(ret_from_fork)
> +       call    1f

pushl $ret_from_fork is the same length and slightly less strange.
OTOH it forces a relocation, and this function doesn't return, so
there shouldn't be any performance issue, so this may save a byte or
two in the compressed image.

> +1:     push    $0

This could maybe use a comment.

--Andy