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Date: Fri, 3 Mar 2017 10:26:09 +0900
From: Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
To: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
Jia He <hejianet@...il.com>, Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.cz>,
Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, kernel-team@...com
Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/9] mm: fix 100% CPU kswapd busyloop on unreclaimable
nodes
Hi Johannes,
On Tue, Feb 28, 2017 at 04:39:59PM -0500, Johannes Weiner wrote:
> Jia He reports a problem with kswapd spinning at 100% CPU when
> requesting more hugepages than memory available in the system:
>
> $ echo 4000 >/proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
>
> top - 13:42:59 up 3:37, 1 user, load average: 1.09, 1.03, 1.01
> Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
> %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 12.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 85.5 id, 2.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
> KiB Mem: 31371520 total, 30915136 used, 456384 free, 320 buffers
> KiB Swap: 6284224 total, 115712 used, 6168512 free. 48192 cached Mem
>
> PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
> 76 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 100.0 0.000 217:17.29 kswapd3
>
> At that time, there are no reclaimable pages left in the node, but as
> kswapd fails to restore the high watermarks it refuses to go to sleep.
>
> Kswapd needs to back away from nodes that fail to balance. Up until
> 1d82de618ddd ("mm, vmscan: make kswapd reclaim in terms of nodes")
> kswapd had such a mechanism. It considered zones whose theoretically
> reclaimable pages it had reclaimed six times over as unreclaimable and
> backed away from them. This guard was erroneously removed as the patch
> changed the definition of a balanced node.
>
> However, simply restoring this code wouldn't help in the case reported
> here: there *are* no reclaimable pages that could be scanned until the
> threshold is met. Kswapd would stay awake anyway.
>
> Introduce a new and much simpler way of backing off. If kswapd runs
> through MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES (16) cycles without reclaiming a single
> page, make it back off from the node. This is the same number of shots
> direct reclaim takes before declaring OOM. Kswapd will go to sleep on
> that node until a direct reclaimer manages to reclaim some pages, thus
> proving the node reclaimable again.
>
> v2: move MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES to mm/internal.h (Michal)
>
> Reported-by: Jia He <hejianet@...il.com>
> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
> Tested-by: Jia He <hejianet@...il.com>
> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.com>
> ---
> include/linux/mmzone.h | 2 ++
> mm/internal.h | 6 ++++++
> mm/page_alloc.c | 9 ++-------
> mm/vmscan.c | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++-------
> mm/vmstat.c | 2 +-
> 5 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
> index 8e02b3750fe0..d2c50ab6ae40 100644
> --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
> +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
> @@ -630,6 +630,8 @@ typedef struct pglist_data {
> int kswapd_order;
> enum zone_type kswapd_classzone_idx;
>
> + int kswapd_failures; /* Number of 'reclaimed == 0' runs */
> +
> #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
> int kcompactd_max_order;
> enum zone_type kcompactd_classzone_idx;
> diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h
> index ccfc2a2969f4..aae93e3fd984 100644
> --- a/mm/internal.h
> +++ b/mm/internal.h
> @@ -81,6 +81,12 @@ static inline void set_page_refcounted(struct page *page)
> extern unsigned long highest_memmap_pfn;
>
> /*
> + * Maximum number of reclaim retries without progress before the OOM
> + * killer is consider the only way forward.
> + */
> +#define MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES 16
> +
> +/*
> * in mm/vmscan.c:
> */
> extern int isolate_lru_page(struct page *page);
> diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
> index 614cd0397ce3..f50e36e7b024 100644
> --- a/mm/page_alloc.c
> +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
> @@ -3516,12 +3516,6 @@ bool gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(gfp_t gfp_mask)
> }
>
> /*
> - * Maximum number of reclaim retries without any progress before OOM killer
> - * is consider as the only way to move forward.
> - */
> -#define MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES 16
> -
> -/*
> * Checks whether it makes sense to retry the reclaim to make a forward progress
> * for the given allocation request.
> * The reclaim feedback represented by did_some_progress (any progress during
> @@ -4527,7 +4521,8 @@ void show_free_areas(unsigned int filter, nodemask_t *nodemask)
> K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP)),
> K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_UNSTABLE_NFS)),
> node_page_state(pgdat, NR_PAGES_SCANNED),
> - !pgdat_reclaimable(pgdat) ? "yes" : "no");
> + pgdat->kswapd_failures >= MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES ?
> + "yes" : "no");
> }
>
> for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
> diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
> index 26c3b405ef34..407b27831ff7 100644
> --- a/mm/vmscan.c
> +++ b/mm/vmscan.c
> @@ -2626,6 +2626,15 @@ static bool shrink_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc)
> } while (should_continue_reclaim(pgdat, sc->nr_reclaimed - nr_reclaimed,
> sc->nr_scanned - nr_scanned, sc));
>
> + /*
> + * Kswapd gives up on balancing particular nodes after too
> + * many failures to reclaim anything from them and goes to
> + * sleep. On reclaim progress, reset the failure counter. A
> + * successful direct reclaim run will revive a dormant kswapd.
> + */
> + if (reclaimable)
> + pgdat->kswapd_failures = 0;
> +
> return reclaimable;
> }
>
> @@ -2700,10 +2709,6 @@ static void shrink_zones(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct scan_control *sc)
> GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HARDWALL))
> continue;
>
> - if (sc->priority != DEF_PRIORITY &&
> - !pgdat_reclaimable(zone->zone_pgdat))
> - continue; /* Let kswapd poll it */
> -
> /*
> * If we already have plenty of memory free for
> * compaction in this zone, don't free any more.
> @@ -3134,6 +3139,10 @@ static bool prepare_kswapd_sleep(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order, int classzone_idx)
> if (waitqueue_active(&pgdat->pfmemalloc_wait))
> wake_up_all(&pgdat->pfmemalloc_wait);
>
> + /* Hopeless node, leave it to direct reclaim */
I hope to clear what we want by deferring the job to direct reclaim.
Direct reclaim is much limited reclaim worker by serveral things(e.g.,
avoid writeback for stack overflow, NOIO|NOFS context) so what do we
want for direct reclaimer to do even if kswapd can make forward
progress? OOM?
> + if (pgdat->kswapd_failures >= MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES)
> + return true;
> +
> for (i = 0; i <= classzone_idx; i++) {
> struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + i;
>
> @@ -3316,6 +3325,9 @@ static int balance_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order, int classzone_idx)
> sc.priority--;
> } while (sc.priority >= 1);
>
> + if (!sc.nr_reclaimed)
> + pgdat->kswapd_failures++;
sc.nr_reclaimed is reset to zero in above big loop's beginning so most of time,
it pgdat->kswapd_failures is increased.
> +
> out:
> /*
> * Return the order kswapd stopped reclaiming at as
> @@ -3515,6 +3527,10 @@ void wakeup_kswapd(struct zone *zone, int order, enum zone_type classzone_idx)
> if (!waitqueue_active(&pgdat->kswapd_wait))
> return;
>
> + /* Hopeless node, leave it to direct reclaim */
> + if (pgdat->kswapd_failures >= MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES)
> + return;
> +
> /* Only wake kswapd if all zones are unbalanced */
> for (z = 0; z <= classzone_idx; z++) {
> zone = pgdat->node_zones + z;
> @@ -3785,9 +3801,6 @@ int node_reclaim(struct pglist_data *pgdat, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
> sum_zone_node_page_state(pgdat->node_id, NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE) <= pgdat->min_slab_pages)
> return NODE_RECLAIM_FULL;
>
> - if (!pgdat_reclaimable(pgdat))
> - return NODE_RECLAIM_FULL;
> -
> /*
> * Do not scan if the allocation should not be delayed.
> */
> diff --git a/mm/vmstat.c b/mm/vmstat.c
> index 69f9aff39a2e..ff16cdc15df2 100644
> --- a/mm/vmstat.c
> +++ b/mm/vmstat.c
> @@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
> "\n node_unreclaimable: %u"
> "\n start_pfn: %lu"
> "\n node_inactive_ratio: %u",
> - !pgdat_reclaimable(zone->zone_pgdat),
> + pgdat->kswapd_failures >= MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES,
> zone->zone_start_pfn,
> zone->zone_pgdat->inactive_ratio);
> seq_putc(m, '\n');
> --
> 2.11.1
>
> --
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