Date:   Mon, 20 Mar 2017 20:38:50 +0100
From:   "Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)" <mtk.manpages@...il.com>
To:     Kirill Smelkov <kirr@...edi.com>,
        Michel Lespinasse <walken@...gle.com>
Cc:     linux-man <linux-man@...r.kernel.org>,
        lkml <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: Why mmap(MAP_POPULATE | MAP_NONBLOCK) is needed (Re: [patch]
 mmap.2: Add link to commit which broke MAP_POPULATE | MAP_NONBLOCK to be noop)

[CC += Michel Lespinasse <walken@...gle.com>]

Kirill,

I need some help here.

On 20 March 2017 at 16:59, Kirill Smelkov <kirr@...edi.com> wrote:
> On Sat, Mar 18, 2017 at 10:40:10PM +0300, Kirill Smelkov wrote:
>> Signed-off-by: Kirill Smelkov <kirr@...edi.com>
>> ---
>>  man2/mmap.2 | 1 +
>>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
>>
>> diff --git a/man2/mmap.2 b/man2/mmap.2
>> index 96875e486..f6fd56523 100644
>> --- a/man2/mmap.2
>> +++ b/man2/mmap.2
>> @@ -300,6 +300,7 @@ Don't perform read-ahead:
>>  create page tables entries only for pages
>>  that are already present in RAM.
>>  Since Linux 2.6.23, this flag causes
>> +.\" commit 54cb8821de07f2ffcd28c380ce9b93d5784b40d7
>>  .BR MAP_POPULATE
>>  to do nothing.
>>  One day, the combination of
>
> Please also find below benchmark which explains why
>
>         mmap(MAP_POPULATE | MAP_NONBLOCK)
>
> is actually needed.

Okay -- clearly things have changed (but I received no man-pages
patch). What do you believe the man page should now say.

Or, perhaps we can ask Michel:

commit bebeb3d68b24bb4132d452c5707fe321208bcbcd
Author: Michel Lespinasse <walken@...gle.com>
Date:   Fri Feb 22 16:32:37 2013 -0800

The above commit (which went into Linux 3.9) seems to be the source of
the change.

Michael, can you suggest to us what the mmap() man page should now say
about MAP_POPULATE?

Thanks,

Michael


>
> Thanks,
> Kirill
>
> ---- 8< ---- (https://lab.nexedi.com/kirr/misc/blob/5a25f4ae/t_sysmmap_c.c)
> /* This program benchmarks pagefault time.
>  *
>  * Unfortunately as of 2017-Mar-20 for data in pagecache the situation is as
>  * follows (i7-6600U, Linux 4.9.13):
>  *
>  * 1. minor pagefault:                  ~ 1200ns
>  *    (this program)
>  *
>  * 2. read syscall + whole page copy:   ~  215ns
>  *    (https://github.com/golang/go/issues/19563#issuecomment-287423654)
>  *
>  * 3. it is not possible to mmap(MAP_POPULATE | MAP_NONBLOCK) (i.e. prefault
>  *    those PTE that are already in pagecache).
>  *    ( http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-man/msg11420.html,
>  *      https://git.kernel.org/linus/54cb8821de07f2ffcd28c380ce9b93d5784b40d7 )
>  *
>  * 4. (Q) I'm not sure a mechanism exists in the kernel to automatically
>  *    subscribe a VMA so that when a page becomes pagecached, associated PTE is
>  *    adjusted so that programs won't need to pay minor pagefault time on
>  *    access.
>  *
>  * unless 3 and 4 are solved mmap unfortunately seems to be slower choice
>  * compared to just pread.
>  */
> #define _GNU_SOURCE
> #include <sys/types.h>
> #include <sys/stat.h>
> #include <fcntl.h>
> #include <unistd.h>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <stdlib.h>
> #include <sys/time.h>
> #include <sys/user.h>
> #include <sys/mman.h>
>
> //               12345678
> #define NITER   500000
>
> // microtime returns current time as double
> double microtime() {
>         int err;
>         struct timeval tv;
>
>         err = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
>         if (err == -1) {
>                 perror("gettimeofday");
>                 abort();
>         }
>
>         return tv.tv_sec + 1E-6 * tv.tv_usec;
> }
>
>
> int main() {
>         unsigned char *addr, sum = 0;
>         int fd, err, i;
>         size_t size;
>         double Tstart, Tend;
>
>         fd = open("/dev/shm/y.dat", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
>         if (fd == -1) {
>                 perror("open");
>                 abort();
>         }
>
>         size = NITER * PAGE_SIZE;
>
>         err = ftruncate(fd, size);
>         if (err == -1) {
>                 perror("ftruncate");
>                 abort();
>         }
>
> #if 1
>         // make sure RAM is actually allocated
>         Tstart = microtime();
>         err = fallocate(fd, /*mode*/0, 0, size);
>         Tend = microtime();
>         if (err == -1) {
>                 perror("fallocate");
>                 abort();
>         }
>         printf("T(fallocate):\t%.1f\t%6.1f ns / page\n", Tend - Tstart, (Tend - Tstart) * 1E9 / NITER);
> #endif
>
>         Tstart = microtime();
>         addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
>         //addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_POPULATE, fd, 0);
>         //addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_POPULATE | MAP_NONBLOCK, fd, 0);
>         if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
>                 perror("mmap");
>                 abort();
>         }
>         Tend = microtime();
>         printf("T(mmap):\t%.1f\t%6.1f ns / page\n", Tend - Tstart, (Tend - Tstart) * 1E9 / NITER);
>
>         Tstart = microtime();
>         //for (int j=0; j < 100; j++)
>         for (i=0; i<NITER; i++) {
>                 sum += addr[i*PAGE_SIZE];
>         }
>         Tend = microtime();
>
>         printf("T(pagefault):\t%.1f\t%6.1f ns / page\t(%i)\n", Tend - Tstart, (Tend - Tstart) * 1E9 / NITER, sum);
>
>         return 0;
> }
> ---- 8< ----



-- 
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Linux/UNIX System Programming Training: http://man7.org/training/

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