Message-ID: <CAGXu5jJuzpSeosAQxkewWB3804+pUrJ9HiU3p-8SOo2hTwFwbQ@mail.gmail.com>
Date:   Wed, 22 Mar 2017 12:32:33 -0700
From:   Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To:     Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>, David Windsor <dwindsor@...il.com>
Cc:     Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        "Reshetova, Elena" <elena.reshetova@...el.com>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com" 
        <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] refcount: add refcount_t API kernel-doc comments

On Fri, Mar 10, 2017 at 7:34 AM, David Windsor <dwindsor@...il.com> wrote:
> v3: rebase against latest Linus tree; re-add include/linux/refcount.h
> missing from v2 series
>
> Signed-off-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@...il.com>

Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>

Ingo, can you pull this into tip? I like having more documentation here. :)

-Kees

> ---
>  include/linux/refcount.h |  19 ++++++++
>  lib/refcount.c           | 124 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
>  2 files changed, 130 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/refcount.h b/include/linux/refcount.h
> index 0023fee..b34aa64 100644
> --- a/include/linux/refcount.h
> +++ b/include/linux/refcount.h
> @@ -6,17 +6,36 @@
>  #include <linux/spinlock.h>
>  #include <linux/kernel.h>
>
> +/**
> + * refcount_t - variant of atomic_t specialized for reference counts
> + * @refs: atomic_t counter field
> + *
> + * The counter saturates at UINT_MAX and will not move once
> + * there. This avoids wrapping the counter and causing 'spurious'
> + * use-after-free bugs.
> + */
>  typedef struct refcount_struct {
>         atomic_t refs;
>  } refcount_t;
>
>  #define REFCOUNT_INIT(n)       { .refs = ATOMIC_INIT(n), }
>
> +/**
> + * refcount_set - set a refcount's value
> + * @r: the refcount
> + * @n: value to which the refcount will be set
> + */
>  static inline void refcount_set(refcount_t *r, unsigned int n)
>  {
>         atomic_set(&r->refs, n);
>  }
>
> +/**
> + * refcount_read - get a refcount's value
> + * @r: the refcount
> + *
> + * Return: the refcount's value
> + */
>  static inline unsigned int refcount_read(const refcount_t *r)
>  {
>         return atomic_read(&r->refs);
> diff --git a/lib/refcount.c b/lib/refcount.c
> index aa09ad3..8d5d680 100644
> --- a/lib/refcount.c
> +++ b/lib/refcount.c
> @@ -37,6 +37,24 @@
>  #include <linux/refcount.h>
>  #include <linux/bug.h>
>
> +/**
> + * refcount_add_not_zero - add a value to a refcount unless it is 0
> + * @i: the value to add to the refcount
> + * @r: the refcount
> + *
> + * Will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN.
> + *
> + * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the
> + * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency
> + * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top.
> + *
> + * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting
> + * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time.  In these
> + * cases, refcount_inc(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to
> + * increment a reference count.
> + *
> + * Return: false if the passed refcount is 0, true otherwise
> + */
>  bool refcount_add_not_zero(unsigned int i, refcount_t *r)
>  {
>         unsigned int old, new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs);
> @@ -64,19 +82,40 @@ bool refcount_add_not_zero(unsigned int i, refcount_t *r)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_add_not_zero);
>
> +/**
> + * refcount_add - add a value to a refcount
> + * @i: the value to add to the refcount
> + * @r: the refcount
> + *
> + * Similar to atomic_add(), but will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN.
> + *
> + * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the
> + * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency
> + * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top.
> + *
> + * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting
> + * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time.  In these
> + * cases, refcount_inc(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to
> + * increment a reference count.
> + */
>  void refcount_add(unsigned int i, refcount_t *r)
>  {
>         WARN_ONCE(!refcount_add_not_zero(i, r), "refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.\n");
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_add);
>
> -/*
> - * Similar to atomic_inc_not_zero(), will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN.
> +/**
> + * refcount_inc_not_zero - increment a refcount unless it is 0
> + * @r: the refcount to increment
> + *
> + * Similar to atomic_inc_not_zero(), but will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN.
>   *
>   * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the
>   * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency
>   * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top.
> - */
> + *
> + * Return: true if the increment was successful, false otherwise
> + */
>  bool refcount_inc_not_zero(refcount_t *r)
>  {
>         unsigned int old, new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs);
> @@ -103,11 +142,17 @@ bool refcount_inc_not_zero(refcount_t *r)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_inc_not_zero);
>
> -/*
> - * Similar to atomic_inc(), will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN.
> +/**
> + * refcount_inc - increment a refcount
> + * @r: the refcount to increment
> + *
> + * Similar to atomic_inc(), but will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN.
>   *
>   * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller already has a
> - * reference on the object, will WARN when this is not so.
> + * reference on the object.
> + *
> + * Will WARN if the refcount is 0, as this represents a possible use-after-free
> + * condition.
>   */
>  void refcount_inc(refcount_t *r)
>  {
> @@ -115,6 +160,26 @@ void refcount_inc(refcount_t *r)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_inc);
>
> +/**
> + * refcount_sub_and_test - subtract from a refcount and test if it is 0
> + * @i: amount to subtract from the refcount
> + * @r: the refcount
> + *
> + * Similar to atomic_dec_and_test(), but it will WARN, return false and
> + * ultimately leak on underflow and will fail to decrement when saturated
> + * at UINT_MAX.
> + *
> + * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done
> + * before, and provides a control dependency such that free() must come after.
> + * See the comment on top.
> + *
> + * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting
> + * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time.  In these
> + * cases, refcount_dec(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to
> + * decrement a reference count.
> + *
> + * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise
> + */
>  bool refcount_sub_and_test(unsigned int i, refcount_t *r)
>  {
>         unsigned int old, new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs);
> @@ -140,13 +205,18 @@ bool refcount_sub_and_test(unsigned int i, refcount_t *r)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_sub_and_test);
>
> -/*
> +/**
> + * refcount_dec_and_test - decrement a refcount and test if it is 0
> + * @r: the refcount
> + *
>   * Similar to atomic_dec_and_test(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to
>   * decrement when saturated at UINT_MAX.
>   *
>   * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done
>   * before, and provides a control dependency such that free() must come after.
>   * See the comment on top.
> + *
> + * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise
>   */
>  bool refcount_dec_and_test(refcount_t *r)
>  {
> @@ -154,21 +224,26 @@ bool refcount_dec_and_test(refcount_t *r)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_dec_and_test);
>
> -/*
> +/**
> + * refcount_dec - decrement a refcount
> + * @r: the refcount
> + *
>   * Similar to atomic_dec(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to decrement
>   * when saturated at UINT_MAX.
>   *
>   * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done
>   * before.
>   */
> -
>  void refcount_dec(refcount_t *r)
>  {
>         WARN_ONCE(refcount_dec_and_test(r), "refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\n");
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_dec);
>
> -/*
> +/**
> + * refcount_dec_if_one - decrement a refcount if it is 1
> + * @r: the refcount
> + *
>   * No atomic_t counterpart, it attempts a 1 -> 0 transition and returns the
>   * success thereof.
>   *
> @@ -178,6 +253,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_dec);
>   * It can be used like a try-delete operator; this explicit case is provided
>   * and not cmpxchg in generic, because that would allow implementing unsafe
>   * operations.
> + *
> + * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise
>   */
>  bool refcount_dec_if_one(refcount_t *r)
>  {
> @@ -185,11 +262,16 @@ bool refcount_dec_if_one(refcount_t *r)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_dec_if_one);
>
> -/*
> +/**
> + * refcount_dec_not_one - decrement a refcount if it is not 1
> + * @r: the refcount
> + *
>   * No atomic_t counterpart, it decrements unless the value is 1, in which case
>   * it will return false.
>   *
>   * Was often done like: atomic_add_unless(&var, -1, 1)
> + *
> + * Return: true if the decrement operation was successful, false otherwise
>   */
>  bool refcount_dec_not_one(refcount_t *r)
>  {
> @@ -219,13 +301,21 @@ bool refcount_dec_not_one(refcount_t *r)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_dec_not_one);
>
> -/*
> +/**
> + * refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock - return holding mutex if able to decrement
> + *                               refcount to 0
> + * @r: the refcount
> + * @lock: the mutex to be locked
> + *
>   * Similar to atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(), it will WARN on underflow and fail
>   * to decrement when saturated at UINT_MAX.
>   *
>   * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done
>   * before, and provides a control dependency such that free() must come after.
>   * See the comment on top.
> + *
> + * Return: true and hold mutex if able to decrement refcount to 0, false
> + *         otherwise
>   */
>  bool refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock(refcount_t *r, struct mutex *lock)
>  {
> @@ -242,13 +332,21 @@ bool refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock(refcount_t *r, struct mutex *lock)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock);
>
> -/*
> +/**
> + * refcount_dec_and_lock - return holding spinlock if able to decrement
> + *                         refcount to 0
> + * @r: the refcount
> + * @lock: the spinlock to be locked
> + *
>   * Similar to atomic_dec_and_lock(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to
>   * decrement when saturated at UINT_MAX.
>   *
>   * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done
>   * before, and provides a control dependency such that free() must come after.
>   * See the comment on top.
> + *
> + * Return: true and hold spinlock if able to decrement refcount to 0, false
> + *         otherwise
>   */
>  bool refcount_dec_and_lock(refcount_t *r, spinlock_t *lock)
>  {
> --
> 2.7.4
>



-- 
Kees Cook
Pixel Security

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