Date:   Wed, 12 Apr 2017 11:53:04 -0400
From:   Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>
To:     "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: There is a Tasks RCU stall warning

On Wed, 12 Apr 2017 08:18:17 -0700
"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote:


> > Well the trampolines pretty much can, but they are removed before
> > calling synchronize_rcu_tasks(), and nothing can enter the trampoline
> > when that is called.  
> 
> Color me confused...
> 
> So you can have an arbitrary function call within a trampoline?

Sorta.

When you do register_ftrace_function(ops), where ops has ops->func that
points to a function you want to have called when a function is traced,
the following happens (if there's no other ops registered). Let's use
an example where ops is filtered on just the schedule() function call:


 <schedule>:
    call trampoline ---+
    [..]               |
                       +--> <trampoline>:
                              push regs
                              call ops->func
                              pop regs
                              ret

But that ops->func() must be very limited in what it can do. Although,
it may actually call an rcu_read_lock()! But if that's the case, it
must either check if rcu is watching (which perf does), or enable rcu
via the rcu_irq_enter() with a check on rcu_irq_enter_disabled(), which
my stack tracer does.

Now this can be called even from NMI context! Thus what ops->func does
must be aware of that. The stack tracer func has an:

  if (in_nmi())
	return;

Because it needs to grab spin locks.

But one thing an op->func() is never allowed to do, is to call
schedule() directly, or even a cond_resched(). It may be preempted if
preemption was enabled when the trampoline was hit, but it must not
assume that it can do a voluntary schedule. That would break the
rcu_tasks as well if it did.


> 
> If not, agreed, no problem.  Otherwise, it seems like we have a big
> problem remaining.  Unless the functions called from a trampoline are
> guaranteed never to do a context switch.

Well, they can be preempted, but they should never do a voluntary
schedule. If they did, that would be bad.

> 
> So what exactly is the trampoline code allowed to do?  ;-)

Well, it must be able to work in an NMI context, or bail otherwise. And
it should never schedule on its own.

>
> My problem is that I have no idea what can and cannot be included in
> trampoline code.  In absence of that information, my RCU-honed reflexes
> jump immediately to the worst case that I can think of.  ;-)
>

Lets just say that it can't voluntarily sleep. Would that be good
enough? If someday in the future I decide to let it do so, I would add
a flag and force that ops not to be able to use a dynamic trampoline.

Currently, without the synchronize_rcu_tasks(), when a dynamic ops is
registered, the functions will point to a non dynamic trampoline. That
is, one that is never freed. It simply does:

	preempt_disable_notrace();

	do_for_each_ftrace_op(op, ftrace_ops_list) {
		/*
		 * Check the following for each ops before calling their func:
		 *  if RCU flag is set, then rcu_is_watching() must be true
		 *  if PER_CPU is set, then ftrace_function_local_disable()
		 *                          must be false
		 *  Otherwise test if the ip matches the ops filter
		 *
		 * If any of the above fails then the op->func() is not executed.
		 */
		if ((!(op->flags & FTRACE_OPS_FL_RCU) || rcu_is_watching()) &&
		    (!(op->flags & FTRACE_OPS_FL_PER_CPU) ||
		     !ftrace_function_local_disabled(op)) &&
		    ftrace_ops_test(op, ip, regs)) {
		    
			if (FTRACE_WARN_ON(!op->func)) {
				pr_warn("op=%p %pS\n", op, op);
				goto out;
			}
			op->func(ip, parent_ip, op, regs);
		}
	} while_for_each_ftrace_op(op);
out:
	preempt_enable_notrace();

-- Steve

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