Message-Id: <20170423184059.8905-1-marcos.souza.org@gmail.com>
Date:   Sun, 23 Apr 2017 15:40:50 -0300
From:   Marcos Paulo de Souza <marcos.souza.org@...il.com>
To:     unlisted-recipients:; (no To-header on input)
Cc:     mchehab@...pensource.com, peter.hutterer@...-t.net,
        Marcos Paulo de Souza <marcos.souza.org@...il.com>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@...il.com>,
        linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH v6] Documentation: Input: Add uinput documentation

Signed-off-by: Marcos Paulo de Souza <marcos.souza.org@...il.com>
---

 v5 -> v6:
 Resend v5, but now include a change into input_uapi.rst (added by Dmitry and
 Mauro) to include the newly added uinput documentation.

 v4 -> v5:
 Fixed the way we detect the old interface of uinput (suggested by Peter)

 v3 -> v4:
 Add comment and a sleep call before UI_DEV_DESTROY (suggested by Peter)
 On emit function, add an fd parameter, avoiding global variables
 Check return of ioctl related to older kernels that don't have UI_GET_VERSION
 Fix typos

 v2 -> v3
 Changes in libevdev's description (suggested by Peter)
 Added uinput version check when using the old interface (suggested by Peter)
 Removed section numbers from sections, sphinx creates these indexes
        (suggestion by Jon)

 v1 -> v2:
 Changes all over the place, including better descriptions (suggested by Peter)
 Added comments about the need of a sleep call (suggested by Peter)

 Documentation/input/input_uapi.rst |   1 +
 Documentation/input/uinput.rst     | 231 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 232 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/input/uinput.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/input/input_uapi.rst b/Documentation/input/input_uapi.rst
index 12ef897..089fe4e 100644
--- a/Documentation/input/input_uapi.rst
+++ b/Documentation/input/input_uapi.rst
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Linux Input Subsystem userspace API
    :numbered:
 
    input
+   uinput
    event-codes
    multi-touch-protocol
    gamepad
diff --git a/Documentation/input/uinput.rst b/Documentation/input/uinput.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..688cf87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/input/uinput.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+=============
+uinput module
+=============
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+uinput is a kernel module that makes it possible to emulate input devices from
+userspace. By writing to the module's /dev/uinput (or /dev/input/uinput), a
+process can create a virtual device with specific capabilities.
+Once created, the process can send events through that virtual device.
+
+Interface
+=========
+
+::
+
+  linux/uinput.h
+
+The uinput header defines ioctls to create, setup and destroy virtual devices.
+
+libevdev
+========
+
+libevdev is a wrapper library for evdev devices that provides interfaces to
+create uinput devices and send events. libevdev is less error-prone than
+accessing uinput directly and should be considered for new software.
+
+For examples and more information about libevdev:
+https://www.freedesktop.org/software/libevdev/doc/latest/
+
+Examples
+========
+
+Keyboard events
+---------------
+
+This first example shows how to create a new virtual device and how to send a
+key event. All default imports and error handlers were removed for the sake of
+simplicity.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+   #include <linux/uinput.h>
+
+   void emit(int fd, int type, int code, int val)
+   {
+      struct input_event ie;
+
+      ie.type = type;
+      ie.code = code;
+      ie.value = val;
+      /* below timestamp values are ignored */
+      ie.time.tv_sec = 0;
+      ie.time.tv_usec = 0;
+
+      write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie));
+   }
+
+   int main(void)
+   {
+      struct uinput_setup usetup;
+
+      int fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+      /* the ioctls below enables the to be created device to send key
+       * events, in this case the space key
+       */
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, KEY_SPACE);
+
+      memset(&usetup, 0, sizeof(usetup));
+      usetup.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
+      usetup.id.vendor = 0x1234; /* sample vendor */
+      usetup.id.product = 0x5678; /* sample product */
+      strcpy(usetup.name, "Example device");
+
+      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_SETUP, &usetup);
+      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
+
+      /*
+       * On UI_DEV_CREATE the kernel creates the device nodes for this device.
+       * Insert a pause so that userspace has time to detect, initialize the
+       * new device, and can start to listen to events from this device
+       */
+      sleep(1);
+
+      /* key press, report the event, send key release, and report again */
+      emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 1);
+      emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+      emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 0);
+      emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+
+      /* Give userspace some time to read the events before we destroy the
+       * device with UI_DEV_DESTOY
+       */
+      sleep(1);
+
+      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
+      close(fd);
+
+      return 0;
+   }
+
+Mouse movements
+---------------
+
+This example shows how to create a virtual device that behaves like a physical
+mouse.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+   #include <linux/uinput.h>
+
+   /* emit function is identical to of the first example */
+
+   int main(void)
+   {
+      struct uinput_setup usetup;
+      int i = 50;
+
+      int fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+      /* enable mouse button left and relative events */
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_LEFT);
+
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_REL);
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_X);
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_Y);
+
+      memset(&usetup, 0, sizeof(usetup));
+      usetup.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
+      usetup.id.vendor = 0x1234; /* sample vendor */
+      usetup.id.product = 0x5678; /* sample product */
+      strcpy(usetup.name, "Example device");
+
+      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_SETUP, &usetup);
+      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
+
+      /*
+       * On UI_DEV_CREATE the kernel creates the device nodes for this device.
+       * Insert a pause so that userspace has time to detect, initialize the
+       * new device, and can start to listen to events from this device
+       */
+      sleep(1);
+
+      /* moves the mouse diagonally, 5 units per axis */
+      while (i--) {
+         emit(fd, EV_REL, REL_X, 5);
+         emit(fd, EV_REL, REL_Y, 5);
+         emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+         usleep(15000);
+      }
+
+      /* Give userspace some time to read the events before we destroy the
+       * device with UI_DEV_DESTOY
+       */
+      sleep(1);
+
+      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
+      close(fd);
+
+      return 0;
+   }
+
+
+uinput old interface
+--------------------
+
+Before uinput version 5, there wasn't a proper ioctl to setup a virtual device.
+In this case, the user needs to fill a different struct and call write to the
+uinput file descriptor to configure the new uinput device. New code should not
+use the old interface but interact with uinput via ioctl calls, or use libevdev.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+   #include <linux/uinput.h>
+
+   /* emit function is identical to of the first example */
+
+   int main(void)
+   {
+      struct uinput_user_dev uud;
+      int version, rc, fd;
+
+      fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+      rc = ioctl(fd, UI_GET_VERSION, &version);
+
+      if (rc == 0 && version >= 5) {
+         /* use UI_DEV_SETUP */
+         return 0;
+      }
+
+      /*
+       * the ioctls below enables the to be created device to key
+       * events, in this case the space key
+       */
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
+      ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, KEY_SPACE);
+
+      memset(&uud, 0, sizeof(uud));
+      snprintf(uud.name, UINPUT_MAX_NAME_SIZE, "uinput old interface");
+      write(fd, &uud, sizeof(uud));
+
+      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
+
+      /*
+       * On UI_DEV_CREATE the kernel creates the device nodes for this device
+       * Insert a pause so that userspace has time to detect, initialize the
+       * new device, and can start to listen to events from this device
+       */
+      sleep(1);
+
+      /* key press, report the event, send key release, and report again */
+      emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 1);
+      emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+      emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 0);
+      emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+
+      /* Give userspace some time to read the events before we destroy the
+       * device with UI_DEV_DESTOY
+       */
+      sleep(1);
+
+      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
+
+      close(fd);
+      return 0;
+   }
+
-- 
2.9.3

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