linux-kernel - [PATCH v2] mm: Allow slab_nomerge to be set at build time

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Date:   Tue, 20 Jun 2017 16:09:11 -0700
From:   Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To:     Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>
Cc:     Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Daniel Micay <danielmicay@...il.com>,
        David Windsor <dave@...lcore.net>,
        Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@...il.com>,
        Pekka Enberg <penberg@...nel.org>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
        Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael.j.wysocki@...el.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
        Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@...nel.org>,
        "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@...aro.org>,
        Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>, Daniel Mack <daniel@...que.org>,
        Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>,
        Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@...il.com>,
        Helge Deller <deller@....de>, Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>,
        linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH v2] mm: Allow slab_nomerge to be set at build time

Some hardened environments want to build kernels with slab_nomerge
already set (so that they do not depend on remembering to set the kernel
command line option). This is desired to reduce the risk of kernel heap
overflows being able to overwrite objects from merged caches and changes
the requirements for cache layout control, increasing the difficulty of
these attacks. By keeping caches unmerged, these kinds of exploits can
usually only damage objects in the same cache (though the risk to metadata
exploitation is unchanged).

Cc: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@...il.com>
Cc: David Windsor <dave@...lcore.net>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@...il.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
---
v2: split out of slab whitelisting series
---
 Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 10 ++++++++--
 init/Kconfig                                    | 14 ++++++++++++++
 mm/slab_common.c                                |  5 ++---
 3 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 7737ab5d04b2..94d8b8195cb8 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -3715,8 +3715,14 @@
 	slab_nomerge	[MM]
 			Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
 			necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
-			allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
-			merging on their own.
+			allocs to different slabs, especially in hardened
+			environments where the risk of heap overflows and
+			layout control by attackers can usually be
+			frustrated by disabling merging. This will reduce
+			most of the exposure of a heap attack to a single
+			cache (risks via metadata attacks are mostly
+			unchanged). Debug options disable merging on their
+			own.
 			For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
 
 	slab_max_order=	[MM, SLAB]
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index 1d3475fc9496..ce813acf2f4f 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -1891,6 +1891,20 @@ config SLOB
 
 endchoice
 
+config SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT
+	bool "Allow slab caches to be merged"
+	default y
+	help
+	  For reduced kernel memory fragmentation, slab caches can be
+	  merged when they share the same size and other characteristics.
+	  This carries a risk of kernel heap overflows being able to
+	  overwrite objects from merged caches (and more easily control
+	  cache layout), which makes such heap attacks easier to exploit
+	  by attackers. By keeping caches unmerged, these kinds of exploits
+	  can usually only damage objects in the same cache. To disable
+	  merging at runtime, "slab_nomerge" can be passed on the kernel
+	  command line.
+
 config SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM
 	default n
 	depends on SLAB || SLUB
diff --git a/mm/slab_common.c b/mm/slab_common.c
index 01a0fe2eb332..904a83be82de 100644
--- a/mm/slab_common.c
+++ b/mm/slab_common.c
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ static DECLARE_WORK(slab_caches_to_rcu_destroy_work,
 
 /*
  * Merge control. If this is set then no merging of slab caches will occur.
- * (Could be removed. This was introduced to pacify the merge skeptics.)
  */
-static int slab_nomerge;
+static bool slab_nomerge = !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT);
 
 static int __init setup_slab_nomerge(char *str)
 {
-	slab_nomerge = 1;
+	slab_nomerge = true;
 	return 1;
 }
 
-- 
2.7.4


-- 
Kees Cook
Pixel Security