linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] rwsem: fix missed wakeup due to reordering of load

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Date:   Thu, 10 Aug 2017 12:41:22 +0200
From:   Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
To:     Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@...il.com>
Cc:     Waiman Long <longman@...hat.com>,
        Prateek Sood <prsood@...eaurora.org>, mingo@...hat.com,
        sramana@...eaurora.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] rwsem: fix missed wakeup due to reordering of load

On Thu, Aug 10, 2017 at 10:32:56AM +0200, Andrea Parri wrote:
> On Thu, Jul 27, 2017 at 11:48:53AM -0400, Waiman Long wrote:
> > On 07/26/2017 04:17 PM, Prateek Sood wrote:
> > > If a spinner is present, there is a chance that the load of
> > > rwsem_has_spinner() in rwsem_wake() can be reordered with
> > > respect to decrement of rwsem count in __up_write() leading
> > > to wakeup being missed.
> > >
> > >  spinning writer                  up_write caller
> > >  ---------------                  -----------------------
> > >  [S] osq_unlock()                 [L] osq
> > >   spin_lock(wait_lock)
> > >   sem->count=0xFFFFFFFF00000001
> > >             +0xFFFFFFFF00000000
> > >   count=sem->count
> > >   MB
> > >                                    sem->count=0xFFFFFFFE00000001
> > >                                              -0xFFFFFFFF00000001
> > >                                    spin_trylock(wait_lock)
> > >                                    return
> > >  rwsem_try_write_lock(count)
> > >  spin_unlock(wait_lock)
> > >  schedule()
> > >
> > > Reordering of atomic_long_sub_return_release() in __up_write()
> > > and rwsem_has_spinner() in rwsem_wake() can cause missing of
> > > wakeup in up_write() context. In spinning writer, sem->count
> > > and local variable count is 0XFFFFFFFE00000001. It would result
> > > in rwsem_try_write_lock() failing to acquire rwsem and spinning
> > > writer going to sleep in rwsem_down_write_failed().
> > >
> > > The smp_rmb() will make sure that the spinner state is
> > > consulted after sem->count is updated in up_write context.
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Prateek Sood <prsood@...eaurora.org>
> > 
> > Did you actually observe that the reordering happens?
> > 
> > I am not sure if some architectures can actually speculatively execute
> > instruction ahead of a branch and then ahead into a function call. I
> > know it can happen if the function call is inlined, but rwsem_wake()
> > will not be inlined into __up_read() or __up_write().
> 
> Branches/control dependencies targeting a read do not necessarily preserve
> program order; this is for example the case for PowerPC and ARM.
> 
> I'd not expect more than a compiler barrier from a function call (in fact,
> not even that if the function happens to be inlined).

Indeed. Reads can be speculated by deep out-of-order CPUs no problem.
That's what branch predictors are for.

> > Even if that is the case, I am not sure if smp_rmb() alone is enough to
> > guarantee the ordering as I think it will depend on how the
> > atomic_long_sub_return_release() is implmented.
> 
> AFAICT, the pattern under discussion is MP with:
> 
>   - a store-release to osq->tail(unlock) followed by a store to sem->count,
>     separated by a MB (from atomic_long_add_return()) on CPU0;
> 
>   - a load of sem->count (for atomic_long_sub_return_release()) followed by

Which is a regular load, as 'release' only need apply to the store.

>     a load of osq->tail (rwsem_has_spinner()) on CPU1.
> 
> Thus a RMW between the two loads suffices to forbid the weak behaviour.

Agreed.