Date:   Tue, 15 Aug 2017 20:28:07 +0300
From:   Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@...ux.intel.com>
To:     Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc:     Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...nel.org>,
        Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>,
        Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
        Kan Liang <kan.liang@...el.com>,
        Dmitri Prokhorov <Dmitry.Prohorov@...el.com>,
        Valery Cherepennikov <valery.cherepennikov@...el.com>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Stephane Eranian <eranian@...gle.com>,
        David Carrillo-Cisneros <davidcc@...gle.com>,
        linux-kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v6 1/3] perf/core: use rb trees for pinned/flexible groups

Hi Peter,

On 07.08.2017 10:17, Alexey Budankov wrote:
> On 04.08.2017 17:36, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
>> On Thu, Aug 03, 2017 at 11:30:09PM +0300, Alexey Budankov wrote:
>>> On 03.08.2017 16:00, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
>>>> On Wed, Aug 02, 2017 at 11:13:54AM +0300, Alexey Budankov wrote:
>>
>>>>> +/*
>>>>> + * Find group list by a cpu key and rotate it.
>>>>> + */
>>>>> +static void
>>>>> +perf_event_groups_rotate(struct rb_root *groups, int cpu)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +	struct rb_node *node;
>>>>> +	struct perf_event *node_event;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +	node = groups->rb_node;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +	while (node) {
>>>>> +		node_event = container_of(node,
>>>>> +				struct perf_event, group_node);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +		if (cpu < node_event->cpu) {
>>>>> +			node = node->rb_left;
>>>>> +		} else if (cpu > node_event->cpu) {
>>>>> +			node = node->rb_right;
>>>>> +		} else {
>>>>> +			list_rotate_left(&node_event->group_list);
>>>>> +			break;
>>>>> +		}
>>>>> +	}
>>>>> +}
>>>>
>>>> Ah, you worry about how to rotate inside a tree?
>>>
>>> Exactly.
>>>
>>>>
>>>> You can do that by adding (run)time based ordering, and you'll end up
>>>> with a runtime based scheduler.
>>>
>>> Do you mean replacing a CPU indexed rb_tree of lists with 
>>> an CPU indexed rb_tree of counter indexed rb_trees?
>>
>> No, single tree, just more complicated ordering rules.
>>
>>>> A trivial variant keeps a simple counter per tree that is incremented
>>>> for each rotation. That should end up with the events ordered exactly
>>>> like the list. And if you have that comparator like above, expressing
>>>> that additional ordering becomes simple ;-)
>>>>
>>>> Something like:
>>>>
>>>> struct group {
>>>>   u64 vtime;
>>>>   rb_tree tree;
>>>> };
>>>>
>>>> bool event_less(left, right)
>>>> {
>>>>   if (left->cpu < right->cpu)
>>>>     return true;
>>>>
>>>>   if (left->cpu > right_cpu)
>>>>     return false;
>>>>
>>>>   if (left->vtime < right->vtime)
>>>>     return true;
>>>>
>>>>   return false;
>>>> }
>>>>
>>>> insert_group(group, event, tail)
>>>> {
>>>>   if (tail)
>>>>     event->vtime = ++group->vtime;
>>>>
>>>>   tree_insert(&group->root, event);
>>>> }
>>>>
>>>> Then every time you use insert_group(.tail=1) it goes to the end of that
>>>> CPU's 'list'.
>>>>
>>>
>>> Could you elaborate more on how to implement rotation?
>>
>> Its almost all there, but let me write a complete replacement for your
>> perf_event_group_rotate() above.
>>
>> /* find the leftmost event matching @cpu */
>> /* XXX not sure how to best parametrise a subtree search, */
>> /* again, C sucks... */
>> struct perf_event *__group_find_cpu(group, cpu)
>> {
>> 	struct rb_node *node = group->tree.rb_node;
>> 	struct perf_event *event, *match = NULL;
>>
>> 	while (node) {
>> 		event = container_of(node, struct perf_event, group_node);
>>
>> 		if (cpu > event->cpu) {
>> 			node = node->rb_right;
>> 		} else if (cpu < event->cpu) {
>> 			node = node->rb_left;
>> 		} else {
>> 			/*
>> 			 * subtree match, try left subtree for a
>> 			 * 'smaller' match.
>> 			 */
>> 			match = event;
>> 			node = node->rb_left;
>> 		}
>> 	}
>>
>> 	return match;
>> }
>>
>> void perf_event_group_rotate(group, int cpu)
>> {
>> 	struct perf_event *event = __group_find_cpu(cpu);
>>
>> 	if (!event)
>> 		return;
>>
>> 	tree_delete(&group->tree, event);
>> 	insert_group(group, event, 1);
>> }
>>
>> So we have a tree ordered by {cpu,vtime} and what we do is find the
>> leftmost {cpu} entry, that is the smallest vtime entry for that cpu. We
>> then take it out and re-insert it with a vtime number larger than any
>> other, which places it as the rightmost entry for that cpu.
>>
>>
>> So given:
>>
>>        {1,1}
>>        / \
>>     {0,5} {1,2}
>>    / \        \
>> {0,1} {0,6}  {1,4}
>>
>>
>> __group_find_cpu(.cpu=1) will return {1,1} as being the leftmost entry
>> with cpu=1. We'll then remove it, update its vtime to 7 and re-insert.
>> resulting in something like:
>>
>>        {1,2}
>>        / \
>>     {0,5} {1,4}
>>    / \        \
>> {0,1} {0,6}  {1,7}
>>
> 
> Makes sense. The implementation becomes a bit simpler. The drawbacks 
> may be several rotations of potentially big tree on the critical path, 
> instead of updating four pointers in case of the tree of lists.

I implemented the approach you had suggested (as I understood it),
tested it and got results that are drastically different from what 
I am getting for the tree of lists. Specifically I did:

1. keeping all groups in the same single tree by employing a 64-bit index
   additionally to CPU key;
   
2. implementing special _less() function and rotation by re-inserting
   group with incremented index;

3. replacing API with a callback in the signature by a macro
   perf_event_groups_for_each();

Employing all that shrunk the total patch size, however I am still 
struggling with the correctness issues.

Now I figured that not all indexed events are always located under 
the root with the same cpu, and it depends on the order of insertion
e.g. with insertion order 01,02,03,14,15,16 we get this:

     02
    /  \
   01  14
      /  \
     03  15
           \
           16

and it is unclear how to iterate cpu==0 part of tree in this case.

Iterating cpu specific subtree like this:

#define for_each_group_event(event, group, cpu, pmu, field)	 \
	for (event = rb_entry_safe(group_first(group, cpu, pmu), \
				   typeof(*event), field);	 \
	     event && event->cpu == cpu && event->pmu == pmu;	 \
	     event = rb_entry_safe(rb_next(&event->field),	 \
				   typeof(*event), field))

misses event==03 for the case above and I guess this is where I loose 
samples in my testing. 

Please advise how to proceed.

Thanks,
Alexey

> 
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