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Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2017 09:58:04 +0200
From: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
To: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@...llo.nl>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Subject: [GIT PULL] x86/boot changes for v4.14
Linus,
Please pull the latest x86-boot-for-linus git tree from:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip.git x86-boot-for-linus
# HEAD: 0982adc746736a313dac9cb8cc936ca51ca3741a x86/boot/KASLR: Work around firmware bugs by excluding EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_* and EFI_LOADER_* from KASLR's choice
The main changes are KASL related fixes and cleanups: in particular we now exclude
certain physical memory ranges as KASLR randomization targets that have proven to
be unreliable (early-)RAM on some firmware versions.
out-of-topic modifications in x86-boot-for-linus:
---------------------------------------------------
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c# 02e43c2dcd3b: efi: Introduce efi_early_mem
Thanks,
Ingo
------------------>
Baoquan He (5):
x86/boot/KASLR: Wrap e820 entries walking code into new function process_e820_entries()
x86/boot/KASLR: Switch to pass struct mem_vector to process_e820_entry()
x86/boot/KASLR: Rename process_e820_entry() into process_mem_region()
efi: Introduce efi_early_memdesc_ptr to get pointer to memmap descriptor
x86/boot/KASLR: Prefer mirrored memory regions for the kernel physical address
Naoya Horiguchi (1):
x86/boot/KASLR: Work around firmware bugs by excluding EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_* and EFI_LOADER_* from KASLR's choice
arch/x86/boot/compressed/eboot.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c | 147 ++++++++++++++++++++-----
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c | 4 +-
include/linux/efi.h | 22 ++++
4 files changed, 145 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/eboot.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/eboot.c
index c3e869eaef0c..e007887a33b0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/eboot.c
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/eboot.c
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ static efi_status_t setup_e820(struct boot_params *params,
m |= (u64)efi->efi_memmap_hi << 32;
#endif
- d = (efi_memory_desc_t *)(m + (i * efi->efi_memdesc_size));
+ d = efi_early_memdesc_ptr(m, efi->efi_memdesc_size, i);
switch (d->type) {
case EFI_RESERVED_TYPE:
case EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_CODE:
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c
index 91f27ab970ef..17818ba6906f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@
#include <linux/uts.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/efi.h>
#include <generated/utsrelease.h>
+#include <asm/efi.h>
/* Macros used by the included decompressor code below. */
#define STATIC
@@ -479,35 +481,31 @@ static unsigned long slots_fetch_random(void)
return 0;
}
-static void process_e820_entry(struct boot_e820_entry *entry,
+static void process_mem_region(struct mem_vector *entry,
unsigned long minimum,
unsigned long image_size)
{
struct mem_vector region, overlap;
struct slot_area slot_area;
unsigned long start_orig, end;
- struct boot_e820_entry cur_entry;
-
- /* Skip non-RAM entries. */
- if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM)
- return;
+ struct mem_vector cur_entry;
/* On 32-bit, ignore entries entirely above our maximum. */
- if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32) && entry->addr >= KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE)
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32) && entry->start >= KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE)
return;
/* Ignore entries entirely below our minimum. */
- if (entry->addr + entry->size < minimum)
+ if (entry->start + entry->size < minimum)
return;
/* Ignore entries above memory limit */
- end = min(entry->size + entry->addr, mem_limit);
- if (entry->addr >= end)
+ end = min(entry->size + entry->start, mem_limit);
+ if (entry->start >= end)
return;
- cur_entry.addr = entry->addr;
- cur_entry.size = end - entry->addr;
+ cur_entry.start = entry->start;
+ cur_entry.size = end - entry->start;
- region.start = cur_entry.addr;
+ region.start = cur_entry.start;
region.size = cur_entry.size;
/* Give up if slot area array is full. */
@@ -521,8 +519,8 @@ static void process_e820_entry(struct boot_e820_entry *entry,
/* Potentially raise address to meet alignment needs. */
region.start = ALIGN(region.start, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN);
- /* Did we raise the address above this e820 region? */
- if (region.start > cur_entry.addr + cur_entry.size)
+ /* Did we raise the address above the passed in memory entry? */
+ if (region.start > cur_entry.start + cur_entry.size)
return;
/* Reduce size by any delta from the original address. */
@@ -562,31 +560,126 @@ static void process_e820_entry(struct boot_e820_entry *entry,
}
}
-static unsigned long find_random_phys_addr(unsigned long minimum,
- unsigned long image_size)
+#ifdef CONFIG_EFI
+/*
+ * Returns true if mirror region found (and must have been processed
+ * for slots adding)
+ */
+static bool
+process_efi_entries(unsigned long minimum, unsigned long image_size)
{
+ struct efi_info *e = &boot_params->efi_info;
+ bool efi_mirror_found = false;
+ struct mem_vector region;
+ efi_memory_desc_t *md;
+ unsigned long pmap;
+ char *signature;
+ u32 nr_desc;
int i;
- unsigned long addr;
- /* Check if we had too many memmaps. */
- if (memmap_too_large) {
- debug_putstr("Aborted e820 scan (more than 4 memmap= args)!\n");
- return 0;
+ signature = (char *)&e->efi_loader_signature;
+ if (strncmp(signature, EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4) &&
+ strncmp(signature, EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4))
+ return false;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
+ /* Can't handle data above 4GB at this time */
+ if (e->efi_memmap_hi) {
+ warn("EFI memmap is above 4GB, can't be handled now on x86_32. EFI should be disabled.\n");
+ return false;
}
+ pmap = e->efi_memmap;
+#else
+ pmap = (e->efi_memmap | ((__u64)e->efi_memmap_hi << 32));
+#endif
- /* Make sure minimum is aligned. */
- minimum = ALIGN(minimum, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN);
+ nr_desc = e->efi_memmap_size / e->efi_memdesc_size;
+ for (i = 0; i < nr_desc; i++) {
+ md = efi_early_memdesc_ptr(pmap, e->efi_memdesc_size, i);
+ if (md->attribute & EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE) {
+ efi_mirror_found = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nr_desc; i++) {
+ md = efi_early_memdesc_ptr(pmap, e->efi_memdesc_size, i);
+
+ /*
+ * Here we are more conservative in picking free memory than
+ * the EFI spec allows:
+ *
+ * According to the spec, EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_{CODE|DATA} are also
+ * free memory and thus available to place the kernel image into,
+ * but in practice there's firmware where using that memory leads
+ * to crashes.
+ *
+ * Only EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY is guaranteed to be free.
+ */
+ if (md->type != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY)
+ continue;
+
+ if (efi_mirror_found &&
+ !(md->attribute & EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE))
+ continue;
+
+ region.start = md->phys_addr;
+ region.size = md->num_pages << EFI_PAGE_SHIFT;
+ process_mem_region(®ion, minimum, image_size);
+ if (slot_area_index == MAX_SLOT_AREA) {
+ debug_putstr("Aborted EFI scan (slot_areas full)!\n");
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+#else
+static inline bool
+process_efi_entries(unsigned long minimum, unsigned long image_size)
+{
+ return false;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void process_e820_entries(unsigned long minimum,
+ unsigned long image_size)
+{
+ int i;
+ struct mem_vector region;
+ struct boot_e820_entry *entry;
/* Verify potential e820 positions, appending to slots list. */
for (i = 0; i < boot_params->e820_entries; i++) {
- process_e820_entry(&boot_params->e820_table[i], minimum,
- image_size);
+ entry = &boot_params->e820_table[i];
+ /* Skip non-RAM entries. */
+ if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM)
+ continue;
+ region.start = entry->addr;
+ region.size = entry->size;
+ process_mem_region(®ion, minimum, image_size);
if (slot_area_index == MAX_SLOT_AREA) {
debug_putstr("Aborted e820 scan (slot_areas full)!\n");
break;
}
}
+}
+
+static unsigned long find_random_phys_addr(unsigned long minimum,
+ unsigned long image_size)
+{
+ /* Check if we had too many memmaps. */
+ if (memmap_too_large) {
+ debug_putstr("Aborted memory entries scan (more than 4 memmap= args)!\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Make sure minimum is aligned. */
+ minimum = ALIGN(minimum, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN);
+
+ if (process_efi_entries(minimum, image_size))
+ return slots_fetch_random();
+ process_e820_entries(minimum, image_size);
return slots_fetch_random();
}
@@ -645,7 +738,7 @@ void choose_random_location(unsigned long input,
*/
min_addr = min(*output, 512UL << 20);
- /* Walk e820 and find a random address. */
+ /* Walk available memory entries to find a random address. */
random_addr = find_random_phys_addr(min_addr, output_size);
if (!random_addr) {
warn("Physical KASLR disabled: no suitable memory region!");
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c
index b0184360efc6..50a9cab5a834 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ efi_status_t efi_high_alloc(efi_system_table_t *sys_table_arg,
unsigned long m = (unsigned long)map;
u64 start, end;
- desc = (efi_memory_desc_t *)(m + (i * desc_size));
+ desc = efi_early_memdesc_ptr(m, desc_size, i);
if (desc->type != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY)
continue;
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ efi_status_t efi_low_alloc(efi_system_table_t *sys_table_arg,
unsigned long m = (unsigned long)map;
u64 start, end;
- desc = (efi_memory_desc_t *)(m + (i * desc_size));
+ desc = efi_early_memdesc_ptr(m, desc_size, i);
if (desc->type != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY)
continue;
diff --git a/include/linux/efi.h b/include/linux/efi.h
index 8269bcb8ccf7..a686ca9a7e5c 100644
--- a/include/linux/efi.h
+++ b/include/linux/efi.h
@@ -1020,6 +1020,28 @@ extern int efi_memattr_init(void);
extern int efi_memattr_apply_permissions(struct mm_struct *mm,
efi_memattr_perm_setter fn);
+/*
+ * efi_early_memdesc_ptr - get the n-th EFI memmap descriptor
+ * @map: the start of efi memmap
+ * @desc_size: the size of space for each EFI memmap descriptor
+ * @n: the index of efi memmap descriptor
+ *
+ * EFI boot service provides the GetMemoryMap() function to get a copy of the
+ * current memory map which is an array of memory descriptors, each of
+ * which describes a contiguous block of memory. It also gets the size of the
+ * map, and the size of each descriptor, etc.
+ *
+ * Note that per section 6.2 of UEFI Spec 2.6 Errata A, the returned size of
+ * each descriptor might not be equal to sizeof(efi_memory_memdesc_t),
+ * since efi_memory_memdesc_t may be extended in the future. Thus the OS
+ * MUST use the returned size of the descriptor to find the start of each
+ * efi_memory_memdesc_t in the memory map array. This should only be used
+ * during bootup since for_each_efi_memory_desc_xxx() is available after the
+ * kernel initializes the EFI subsystem to set up struct efi_memory_map.
+ */
+#define efi_early_memdesc_ptr(map, desc_size, n) \
+ (efi_memory_desc_t *)((void *)(map) + ((n) * (desc_size)))
+
/* Iterate through an efi_memory_map */
#define for_each_efi_memory_desc_in_map(m, md) \
for ((md) = (m)->map; \
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