Date:   Thu, 30 Nov 2017 07:01:19 -0200
From:   Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@...pensource.com>
To:     "Tobin C. Harding" <me@...in.cc>
Cc:     Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>, linux-doc@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@...aro.org>,
        Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@...ux.intel.com>,
        Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] doc: add maintainer book

Em Thu, 30 Nov 2017 12:55:07 +1100
"Tobin C. Harding" <me@...in.cc> escreveu:

> There is currently very little documentation in the kernel on maintainer
> level tasks. In particular there are no documents on creating pull
> requests to submit to Linus.
> 
> Quoting Greg Kroah-Hartman on LKML:
> 
>     Anyway, this actually came up at the kernel summit / maintainer
>     meeting a few weeks ago, in that "how do I make a
>     good pull request to Linus" is something we need to document.
> 
>     Here's what I do, and it seems to work well, so maybe we should turn
>     it into the start of the documentation for how to do it.
> 
> (quote references: kernel summit, Europe 2017)
> 
> Create a new kernel documentation book 'how to be a maintainer'
> (suggested by Jonathan Corbet). Add chapters on 'configuring git' and
> 'creating a pull request'.
> 
> Most of the content was written by Linus Torvalds and Greg Kroah-Hartman
> in discussion on LKML. This is stated at the start of one of the
> chapters and the original email thread is referenced in
> 'pull-requests.rst'.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Tobin C. Harding <me@...in.cc>
> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
> 
> ---
> 
> v3:
>  - Modified details for branch and tag naming, suggested by Mauro
>    Carvalho Chehab.
>  - Added example email subject line for submitting pull requests.
>  - Re-added Greg's reviewed-by tag from version 1.
> 
> v2:
>  - Change title of book, suggested by Dan Williams.
> 
> ---
>  Documentation/index.rst                    |   1 +
>  Documentation/maintainer/conf.py           |  10 ++
>  Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst |  34 ++++++
>  Documentation/maintainer/index.rst         |  10 ++
>  Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst | 182 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  5 files changed, 237 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/maintainer/conf.py
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/maintainer/index.rst
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/index.rst b/Documentation/index.rst
> index cb7f1ba5b3b1..a4fb34dddcf3 100644
> --- a/Documentation/index.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/index.rst
> @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ merged much easier.
>     dev-tools/index
>     doc-guide/index
>     kernel-hacking/index
> +   maintainer/index
>  
>  Kernel API documentation
>  ------------------------
> diff --git a/Documentation/maintainer/conf.py b/Documentation/maintainer/conf.py
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..81e9eb7a7884
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/maintainer/conf.py
> @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
> +# -*- coding: utf-8; mode: python -*-
> +
> +project = 'Linux Kernel Development Documentation'
> +
> +tags.add("subproject")
> +
> +latex_documents = [
> +    ('index', 'maintainer.tex', 'Linux Kernel Development Documentation',
> +     'The kernel development community', 'manual'),
> +]
> diff --git a/Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst b/Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..78bbbb0d2c84
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
> +.. _configuregit:
> +
> +Configure Git
> +=============
> +
> +This chapter describes maintainer level git configuration.
> +
> +Tagged branches used in :ref:`Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst
> +<pullrequests>` should be signed with the developers public GPG key. Signed
> +tags can be created by passing the ``-u`` flag to ``git tag``. However,
> +since you would *usually* use the same key for the same project, you can
> +set it once with
> +::
> +
> +	git config user.signingkey "keyname"
> +
> +Alternatively, edit your ``.git/config`` or ``~/.gitconfig`` file by hand:
> +::
> +
> +	[user]
> +		name = Jane Developer
> +		email = jd@...ain.org
> +		signingkey = jd@...ain.org
> +
> +You may need to tell ``git`` to use ``gpg2``
> +::
> +
> +	[gpg]
> +		program = /path/to/gpg2
> +
> +You may also like to tell ``gpg`` which ``tty`` to use (add to your shell rc file)
> +::
> +
> +	export GPG_TTY=$(tty)
> diff --git a/Documentation/maintainer/index.rst b/Documentation/maintainer/index.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..fa84ac9cae39
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/maintainer/index.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
> +==========================
> +Kernel Maintainer Handbook
> +==========================
> +
> +.. toctree::
> +   :maxdepth: 2
> +
> +   configure-git
> +   pull-requests
> +
> diff --git a/Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst b/Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..a25e1002a5b9
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
> +.. _pullrequests:
> +
> +Creating Pull Requests
> +======================
> +
> +This chapter describes how maintainers can create and submit pull requests
> +to other maintainers. This is useful for transferring changes from one
> +maintainers tree to another maintainers tree.
> +
> +This document was written by Tobin C. Harding (who at that time, was not an
> +experienced maintainer) primarily from comments made by Greg Kroah-Hartman
> +and Linus Torvalds on LKML. Suggestions and fixes by Jonathan Corbet.
> +Misrepresentation was unintentional but inevitable, please direct abuse to
> +Tobin C. Harding <me@...in.cc>.
> +
> +Original email thread::
> +
> +	http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171114110500.GA21175@kroah.com
> +
> +
> +Create Branch
> +-------------
> +
> +To start with you will need to have all the changes you wish to include in
> +the pull request on a separate branch. Typically you will base this branch
> +off of a branch in the developers tree whom you intend to send the pull
> +request to.
> +
> +In order to create the pull request you must first tag the branch that you
> +have just created. It is recommended that you choose a meaningful tag name,
> +in a way that you and others can understand, even after some time.  A good
> +practice is to include in the name an indicator of the sybsystem of origin
> +and the target kernel version.
> +
> +So, by way of an example, Greg gives; a pull request with miscellaneous

Nitpick: there's an extra ";" character above:
	gives; -> gives


> +stuff for drivers/char, to be applied at the Kernel version 4.15-rc1 could
> +be named as ``char-misc-4.15-rc1``. If such tag would be produced from a
> +branch named ``char-misc-next``, you would be using the following command
> +::
> +
> +        git tag -s char-misc-4.15-rc1 char-misc-next
> +
> +that will create a signed tag called ``char-misc-4.15-rc1`` based on the
> +last commit in the ``char-misc-next`` branch, and sign it with your gpg key
> +(see :ref:`Documentation/maintainer/configure_git.rst <configuregit>`).
> +
> +Linus will only accept pull requests based on a signed tag. Other
> +maintainers may differ.
> +
> +When you run the above command ``git`` will drop you into an editor and ask
> +you to describe the tag.  In this case, you are describing a pull request,
> +so outline what is contained here, why it should be merged, and what, if
> +any, testing has been done.  All of this information will end up in the tag
> +itself, and then in the merge commit that the maintainer makes if/when they
> +merge the pull request. So write it up well, as it will be in the kernel
> +tree for forever.
> +
> +As said by Linus::
> +
> +	Anyway, at least to me, the important part is the *message*. I want
> +	to understand what I'm pulling, and why I should pull it. I also
> +	want to use that message as the message for the merge, so it should
> +	not just make sense to me, but make sense as a historical record
> +	too.
> +
> +	Note that if there is something odd about the pull request, that
> +	should very much be in the explanation. If you're touching files
> +	that you don't maintain, explain _why_. I will see it in the
> +	diffstat anyway, and if you didn't mention it, I'll just be extra
> +	suspicious.  And when you send me new stuff after the merge window
> +	(or even bug-fixes, but ones that look scary), explain not just
> +	what they do and why they do it, but explain the _timing_. What
> +	happened that this didn't go through the merge window..
> +
> +	I will take both what you write in the email pull request _and_ in
> +	the signed tag, so depending on your workflow, you can either
> +	describe your work in the signed tag (which will also automatically
> +	make it into the pull request email), or you can make the signed
> +	tag just a placeholder with nothing interesting in it, and describe
> +	the work later when you actually send me the pull request.
> +
> +	And yes, I will edit the message. Partly because I tend to do just
> +	trivial formatting (the whole indentation and quoting etc), but
> +	partly because part of the message may make sense for me at pull
> +	time (describing the conflicts and your personal issues for sending
> +	it right now), but may not make sense in the context of a merge
> +	commit message, so I will try to make it all make sense. I will
> +	also fix any speeling mistaeks and bad grammar I notice,
> +	particularly for non-native speakers (but also for native ones
> +	;^). But I may miss some, or even add some.
> +
> +			Linus
> +
> +Greg gives, as an example pull request::
> +
> +	Char/Misc patches for 4.15-rc1
> +
> +	Here is the big char/misc patch set for the 4.15-rc1 merge window.
> +	Contained in here is the normal set of new functions added to all
> +	of these crazy drivers, as well as the following brand new
> +	subsystems:
> +		- time_travel_controller: Finally a set of drivers for the
> +		  latest time travel bus architecture that provides i/o to
> +		  the CPU before it asked for it, allowing uninterrupted
> +		  processing
> +		- relativity_shifters: due to the affect that the
> +		  time_travel_controllers have on the overall system, there
> +		  was a need for a new set of relativity shifter drivers to
> +		  accommodate the newly formed black holes that would
> +		  threaten to suck CPUs into them.  This subsystem handles
> +		  this in a way to successfully neutralize the problems.
> +		  There is a Kconfig option to force these to be enabled
> +		  when needed, so problems should not occur.
> +
> +	All of these patches have been successfully tested in the latest
> +	linux-next releases, and the original problems that it found have
> +	all been resolved (apologies to anyone living near Canberra for the
> +	lack of the Kconfig options in the earlier versions of the
> +	linux-next tree creations.)
> +
> +	Signed-off-by: Your-name-here <your_email@...ain>
> +
> +
> +The tag message format is just like a git commit id.  One line at the top
> +for a "summary subject" and be sure to sign-off at the bottom.
> +
> +Now that you have a local signed tag, you need to push it up to where it
> +can be retrieved
> +::

There's no need to place :: on a new line. Just write it as:

	can be retrieved::

> +
> +	git push origin char-misc-4.15-rc1
> +
> +
> +Create Pull Request
> +-------------------
> +
> +The last thing to do is create the pull request message.  ``git`` handily
> +will do this for you with the ``git request-pull`` command, but it needs a
> +bit of help determining what you want to pull, and on what to base the pull
> +against (to show the correct changes to be pulled and the diffstat). The
> +following command(s) will generate a pull request
> +::
> +
> +	git request-pull master git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc.git/ char-misc-4.15-rc1
> +
> +Quoting Greg::
> +
> +	This is asking git to compare the difference from the
> +	'char-misc-4.15-rc1' tag location, to the head of the 'master'
> +	branch (which in my case points to the last location in Linus's
> +	tree that I diverged from, usually a -rc release) and to use the
> +	git:// protocol to pull from.  If you wish to use https://, that
> +	can be used here instead as well (but note that some people behind
> +	firewalls will have problems with https git pulls).
> +
> +	If the char-misc-4.15-rc1 tag is not present in the repo that I am
> +	asking to be pulled from, git will complain saying it is not there,
> +	a handy way to remember to actually push it to a public location.
> +
> +	The output of 'git request-pull' will contain the location of the
> +	git tree and specific tag to pull from, and the full text
> +	description of that tag (which is why you need to provide good
> +	information in that tag).  It will also create a diffstat of the
> +	pull request, and a shortlog of the individual commits that the
> +	pull request will provide.
> +
> +Linus responded that he tends to prefer the ``git://`` protocol. Other
> +maintainers may have different preferences. Also, note that if you are
> +creating pull requests without a signed tag then ``https://`` may be a
> +better choice. Please see the original thread for the full discussion.
> +
> +
> +Submit Pull Request
> +-------------------
> +
> +A pull request is submitted in the same way as an ordinary patch. Send as
> +inline email to the maintainer and CC LKML and any sub-system specific
> +lists if required. Pull requests to Linus typically have a subject line
> +something like
> +::
> +
> +	[GIT PULL] <subsystem> changes for v4.15-rc1

With the above:

Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@...pensource.com>

Thanks,
Mauro

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