Date:   Fri, 8 Dec 2017 18:10:42 +0900
From:   Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>
To:     "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@...el.com>
Cc:     Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>,
        Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
        Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@...ux.intel.com>,
        Shaohua Li <shli@...com>,
        Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>,
        J�r�me Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.com>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
        Rik van Riel <riel@...hat.com>, Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>,
        Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@...el.com>,
        Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@...el.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH -mm] mm, swap: Fix race between swapoff and some swap
 operations

On Fri, Dec 08, 2017 at 04:41:38PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
> Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org> writes:
> 
> > On Fri, Dec 08, 2017 at 01:41:10PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
> >> Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org> writes:
> >> 
> >> > On Thu, Dec 07, 2017 at 04:29:37PM -0800, Andrew Morton wrote:
> >> >> On Thu,  7 Dec 2017 09:14:26 +0800 "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@...el.com> wrote:
> >> >> 
> >> >> > When the swapin is performed, after getting the swap entry information
> >> >> > from the page table, the PTL (page table lock) will be released, then
> >> >> > system will go to swap in the swap entry, without any lock held to
> >> >> > prevent the swap device from being swapoff.  This may cause the race
> >> >> > like below,
> >> >> > 
> >> >> > CPU 1				CPU 2
> >> >> > -----				-----
> >> >> > 				do_swap_page
> >> >> > 				  swapin_readahead
> >> >> > 				    __read_swap_cache_async
> >> >> > swapoff				      swapcache_prepare
> >> >> >   p->swap_map = NULL		        __swap_duplicate
> >> >> > 					  p->swap_map[?] /* !!! NULL pointer access */
> >> >> > 
> >> >> > Because swap off is usually done when system shutdown only, the race
> >> >> > may not hit many people in practice.  But it is still a race need to
> >> >> > be fixed.
> >> >> 
> >> >> swapoff is so rare that it's hard to get motivated about any fix which
> >> >> adds overhead to the regular codepaths.
> >> >
> >> > That was my concern, too when I see this patch.
> >> >
> >> >> 
> >> >> Is there something we can do to ensure that all the overhead of this
> >> >> fix is placed into the swapoff side?  stop_machine() may be a bit
> >> >> brutal, but a surprising amount of code uses it.  Any other ideas?
> >> >
> >> > How about this?
> >> >
> >> > I think It's same approach with old where we uses si->lock everywhere
> >> > instead of more fine-grained cluster lock.
> >> >
> >> > The reason I repeated to reset p->max to zero in the loop is to avoid
> >> > using lockdep annotation(maybe, spin_lock_nested(something) to prevent
> >> > false positive.
> >> >
> >> > diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
> >> > index 42fe5653814a..9ce007a42bbc 100644
> >> > --- a/mm/swapfile.c
> >> > +++ b/mm/swapfile.c
> >> > @@ -2644,6 +2644,19 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(swapoff, const char __user *, specialfile)
> >> >  	swap_file = p->swap_file;
> >> >  	old_block_size = p->old_block_size;
> >> >  	p->swap_file = NULL;
> >> > +
> >> > +	if (p->flags & SWP_SOLIDSTATE) {
> >> > +		unsigned long ci, nr_cluster;
> >> > +
> >> > +		nr_cluster = DIV_ROUND_UP(p->max, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
> >> > +		for (ci = 0; ci < nr_cluster; ci++) {
> >> > +			struct swap_cluster_info *sci;
> >> > +
> >> > +			sci = lock_cluster(p, ci * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
> >> > +			p->max = 0;
> >> > +			unlock_cluster(sci);
> >> > +		}
> >> > +	}
> >> >  	p->max = 0;
> >> >  	swap_map = p->swap_map;
> >> >  	p->swap_map = NULL;
> >> > @@ -3369,10 +3382,10 @@ static int __swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned char usage)
> >> >  		goto bad_file;
> >> >  	p = swap_info[type];
> >> >  	offset = swp_offset(entry);
> >> > -	if (unlikely(offset >= p->max))
> >> > -		goto out;
> >> >  
> >> >  	ci = lock_cluster_or_swap_info(p, offset);
> >> > +	if (unlikely(offset >= p->max))
> >> > +		goto unlock_out;
> >> >  
> >> >  	count = p->swap_map[offset];
> >> >  
> >> 
> >> Sorry, this doesn't work, because
> >> 
> >> lock_cluster_or_swap_info()
> >> 
> >> Need to read p->cluster_info, which may be freed during swapoff too.
> >> 
> >> 
> >> To reduce the added overhead in regular code path, Maybe we can use SRCU
> >> to implement get_swap_device() and put_swap_device()?  There is only
> >> increment/decrement on CPU local variable in srcu_read_lock/unlock().
> >> Should be acceptable in not so hot swap path?
> >> 
> >> This needs to select CONFIG_SRCU if CONFIG_SWAP is enabled.  But I guess
> >> that should be acceptable too?
> >> 
> >
> > Why do we need srcu here? Is it enough with rcu like below?
> >
> > It might have a bug/room to be optimized about performance/naming.
> > I just wanted to show my intention.
> 
> Yes.  rcu should work too.  But if we use rcu, it may need to be called
> several times to make sure the swap device under us doesn't go away, for
> example, when checking si->max in __swp_swapcount() and

I think it's not a big concern performance pov and benefit is good
abstraction through current locking function so we don't need much churn.

> add_swap_count_continuation().  And I found we need rcu to protect swap
> cache radix tree array too.  So I think it may be better to use one

Could you elaborate it more about swap cache arrary problem?

> calling to srcu_read_lock/unlock() instead of multiple callings to
> rcu_read_lock/unlock().
> 
> Best Regards,
> Huang, Ying
> 
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