Date:   Wed, 13 Dec 2017 16:32:10 -0800
From:   Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
To:     Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>
Cc:     linux-api@...r.kernel.org, Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@...cle.com>,
        Michael Ellerman <mpe@...erman.id.au>,
        Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@...linux.org.uk>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>, <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, linux-arch@...r.kernel.org,
        Florian Weimer <fweimer@...hat.com>,
        John Hubbard <jhubbard@...dia.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>,
        Abdul Haleem <abdhalee@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        Joel Stanley <joel@....id.au>,
        Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.com>, jasone@...gle.com,
        davidtgoldblatt@...il.com, trasz@...eBSD.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 0/2] mm: introduce MAP_FIXED_SAFE

On Wed, 13 Dec 2017 10:25:48 +0100 Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org> wrote:

> 
> Hi,
> I am resending with some minor updates based on Michael's review and
> ask for inclusion. There haven't been any fundamental objections for
> the RFC [1] nor the previous version [2].  The biggest discussion
> revolved around the naming. There were many suggestions flowing
> around MAP_REQUIRED, MAP_EXACT, MAP_FIXED_NOCLOBBER, MAP_AT_ADDR,
> MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE etc...

I like MAP_FIXED_CAREFUL :)

> I am afraid we can bikeshed this to death and there will still be
> somebody finding yet another better name. Therefore I've decided to
> stick with my original MAP_FIXED_SAFE. Why? Well, because it keeps the
> MAP_FIXED prefix which should be recognized by developers and _SAFE
> suffix should also be clear that all dangerous side effects of the old
> MAP_FIXED are gone.
> 
> If somebody _really_ hates this then feel free to nack and resubmit
> with a different name you can find a consensus for. I am sorry to be
> stubborn here but I would rather have this merged than go over few more
> iterations changing the name just because it seems like a good idea
> now. My experience tells me that chances are that the name will turn out
> to be "suboptimal" anyway over time.
> 
> Some more background:
> This has started as a follow up discussion [3][4] resulting in the
> runtime failure caused by hardening patch [5] which removes MAP_FIXED
> from the elf loader because MAP_FIXED is inherently dangerous as it
> might silently clobber an existing underlying mapping (e.g. stack). The
> reason for the failure is that some architectures enforce an alignment
> for the given address hint without MAP_FIXED used (e.g. for shared or
> file backed mappings).
> 
> One way around this would be excluding those archs which do alignment
> tricks from the hardening [6]. The patch is really trivial but it has
> been objected, rightfully so, that this screams for a more generic
> solution. We basically want a non-destructive MAP_FIXED.
> 
> The first patch introduced MAP_FIXED_SAFE which enforces the given
> address but unlike MAP_FIXED it fails with EEXIST if the given range
> conflicts with an existing one. The flag is introduced as a completely
> new one rather than a MAP_FIXED extension because of the backward
> compatibility. We really want a never-clobber semantic even on older
> kernels which do not recognize the flag. Unfortunately mmap sucks wrt.
> flags evaluation because we do not EINVAL on unknown flags. On those
> kernels we would simply use the traditional hint based semantic so the
> caller can still get a different address (which sucks) but at least not
> silently corrupt an existing mapping. I do not see a good way around
> that. Except we won't export expose the new semantic to the userspace at
> all. 
> 
> It seems there are users who would like to have something like that.
> Jemalloc has been mentioned by Michael Ellerman [7]

http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87efp1w7vy.fsf@concordia.ellerman.id.au.

It would be useful to get feedback from jemalloc developers (please). 
I'll add some cc's.


> Florian Weimer has mentioned the following:
> : glibc ld.so currently maps DSOs without hints.  This means that the kernel
> : will map right next to each other, and the offsets between them a completely
> : predictable.  We would like to change that and supply a random address in a
> : window of the address space.  If there is a conflict, we do not want the
> : kernel to pick a non-random address. Instead, we would try again with a
> : random address.
> 
> John Hubbard has mentioned CUDA example
> : a) Searches /proc/<pid>/maps for a "suitable" region of available
> : VA space.  "Suitable" generally means it has to have a base address
> : within a certain limited range (a particular device model might
> : have odd limitations, for example), it has to be large enough, and
> : alignment has to be large enough (again, various devices may have
> : constraints that lead us to do this).
> : 
> : This is of course subject to races with other threads in the process.
> : 
> : Let's say it finds a region starting at va.
> : 
> : b) Next it does: 
> :     p = mmap(va, ...) 
> : 
> : *without* setting MAP_FIXED, of course (so va is just a hint), to
> : attempt to safely reserve that region. If p != va, then in most cases,
> : this is a failure (almost certainly due to another thread getting a
> : mapping from that region before we did), and so this layer now has to
> : call munmap(), before returning a "failure: retry" to upper layers.
> : 
> :     IMPROVEMENT: --> if instead, we could call this:
> : 
> :             p = mmap(va, ... MAP_FIXED_SAFE ...)
> : 
> :         , then we could skip the munmap() call upon failure. This
> :         is a small thing, but it is useful here. (Thanks to Piotr
> :         Jaroszynski and Mark Hairgrove for helping me get that detail
> :         exactly right, btw.)
> : 
> : c) After that, CUDA suballocates from p, via: 
> :  
> :      q = mmap(sub_region_start, ... MAP_FIXED ...)
> : 
> : Interestingly enough, "freeing" is also done via MAP_FIXED, and
> : setting PROT_NONE to the subregion. Anyway, I just included (c) for
> : general interest.
> 
> Atomic address range probing in the multithreaded programs in general
> sounds like an interesting thing to me.
> 
> The second patch simply replaces MAP_FIXED use in elf loader by
> MAP_FIXED_SAFE. I believe other places which rely on MAP_FIXED should
> follow. Actually real MAP_FIXED usages should be docummented properly
> and they should be more of an exception.

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