linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 1/3] MIPS: c-r4k: instruction_hazard should immediately follow cache op

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Date:   Thu, 21 Dec 2017 15:19:35 +0000
From:   Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@...s.com>
To:     James Hogan <james.hogan@...s.com>
CC:     Ralf Baechle <ralf@...ux-mips.org>, <linux-mips@...ux-mips.org>,
        "stable # v4 . 9+" <stable@...r.kernel.org>,
        Huacai Chen <chenhc@...ote.com>,
        <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, Paul Burton <paul.burton@...s.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/3] MIPS: c-r4k: instruction_hazard should immediately
 follow cache op

Hi James,

On 21/12/17 15:14, James Hogan wrote:
> On Thu, Dec 21, 2017 at 11:16:02AM +0000, Matt Redfearn wrote:
>> During ftrace initialisation, placeholder instructions in the prologue
>> of every kernel function not marked "notrace" are replaced with nops.
>> After the instructions are written (to the dcache), flush_icache_range()
>> is used to ensure that the icache will be updated with these replaced
>> instructions. Currently there is an instruction_hazard guard at the end
>> of __r4k_flush_icache_range, since a hazard can be created if the CPU
>> has already begun fetching the instructions that have have been
>> replaced. The placement, however, ignores the calls to preempt_enable(),
>> both in __r4k_flush_icache_range and r4k_on_each_cpu. When
>> CONFIG_PREEMPT is enabled, these expand out to at least calls to
>> preempt_count_sub(). The lack of an instruction hazard between icache
>> invalidate and the execution of preempt_count_sub, in rare
>> circumstances, was observed to cause weird crashes on Ci40, where the
>> CPU would end up taking a kernel unaligned access exception from the
>> middle of do_ade(), which it somehow reached from preempt_count_sub
>> without executing the start of do_ade.
>>
>> Since the instruction hazard exists immediately after the dcache is
>> written back and icache invalidated, place the instruction_hazard()
>> within __local_r4k_flush_icache_range. The one at the end of
>> __r4k_flush_icache_range is too late, since all of the functions in the
>> call path of preempt_enable have already been executed, so remove it.
>>
>> This fixes the crashes during ftrace initialisation on Ci40.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@...s.com>
>> Cc: stable <stable@...r.kernel.org> # v4.9+
>>
>> ---
>>
>>   arch/mips/mm/c-r4k.c | 3 ++-
>>   1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/mips/mm/c-r4k.c b/arch/mips/mm/c-r4k.c
>> index 6f534b209971..ce7a54223504 100644
>> --- a/arch/mips/mm/c-r4k.c
>> +++ b/arch/mips/mm/c-r4k.c
>> @@ -760,6 +760,8 @@ static inline void __local_r4k_flush_icache_range(unsigned long start,
>>   			break;
>>   		}
>>   	}
>> +	/* Hazard to force new i-fetch */
>> +	instruction_hazard();
> 
> By the sounds of it that is a hardware bug, that it didn't try and
> execute either the old instruction or the new instruction.

Yeah, possibly.

  Maybe an
> expanded comment would be worthwhile here. If it wasn't for that issue
> it would I suppose be safe for it to be directly before the
> preempt_enable() in __r4k_flush_icache_range().

No - there's another preempt_enable() in r4k_on_each_cpu (noted in the 
commit message) so by the time the local CPU gets to the 
preempt_enable() in __r4k_flush_icache_range, it has potentially already 
executed the preempt_enable path and died. That's why I put it here.

Thanks,
Matt

> 
> Cheers
> James
> 
>>   }
>>   
>>   static inline void local_r4k_flush_icache_range(unsigned long start,
>> @@ -817,7 +819,6 @@ static void __r4k_flush_icache_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
>>   	}
>>   	r4k_on_each_cpu(args.type, local_r4k_flush_icache_range_ipi, &args);
>>   	preempt_enable();
>> -	instruction_hazard();
>>   }
>>   
>>   static void r4k_flush_icache_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
>> -- 
>> 2.7.4
>>