linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v3 11/13] arm64: Implement branch predictor hardening for affected Cortex-A CPUs

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Message-Id: <20180109161218.2079-1-suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Date:   Tue,  9 Jan 2018 16:12:18 +0000
From:   Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@....com>
To:     will.deacon@....com
Cc:     linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        marc.zyngier@....com, lorenzo.pieralisi@....com,
        catalin.marinas@....com, mark.rutland@....com,
        ard.biesheuvel@...aro.org, shankerd@...eaurora.org,
        christoffer.dall@...aro.org, jnair@...iumnetworks.com,
        suzuki.poulose@....com
Subject: Re:  [PATCH v3 11/13] arm64: Implement branch predictor hardening for affected Cortex-A CPUs

On 08/01/18 17:32, Will Deacon wrote:
> Cortex-A57, A72, A73 and A75 are susceptible to branch predictor aliasing
> and can theoretically be attacked by malicious code.
> 
> This patch implements a PSCI-based mitigation for these CPUs when available.
> The call into firmware will invalidate the branch predictor state, preventing
> any malicious entries from affecting other victim contexts.
> 
> Co-developed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@....com>
> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>

Will, Marc,

> +#ifdef CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
> +	{
> +		.capability = ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR,
> +		MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A57),
> +		.enable = enable_psci_bp_hardening,
> +	},
> +	{
> +		.capability = ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR,
> +		MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A72),
> +		.enable = enable_psci_bp_hardening,
> +	},
> +	{
> +		.capability = ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR,
> +		MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A73),
> +		.enable = enable_psci_bp_hardening,
> +	},
> +	{
> +		.capability = ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR,
> +		MIDR_ALL_VERSIONS(MIDR_CORTEX_A75),
> +		.enable = enable_psci_bp_hardening,
> +	},
> +#endif

The introduction of multiple entries for the same capability breaks
some assumptions in this_cpu_has_caps() and verify_local_cpu_features()
as they all stop at the first entry matching the "capability" and could
return wrong results. We need something like the following to make this
work, should someone add duplicate feature entry or use
this_cpu_has_caps() on one of the errata.

---8>---

arm64: capabilities: Handle duplicate entries for a capability

Sometimes a single capability could be listed multiple times with
differing matches(), e.g, CPU errata for different MIDR versions.
This breaks verify_local_cpu_feature() and this_cpu_has_cap() as
we stop checking for a capability on a CPU with the first
entry in the given table, which is not sufficient. Make sure we
run the checks for all entries of the same capability. We do
this by fixing __this_cpu_has_cap() to run through all the
entries in the given table for a match and reuse it for
verify_local_cpu_feature().

Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@....com>
Signed-off-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@....com>
---
 arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c
index 862a417ca0e2..0c43447f7406 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c
@@ -1120,6 +1120,26 @@ static void __init setup_elf_hwcaps(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *hwcaps)
 			cap_set_elf_hwcap(hwcaps);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Check if the current CPU has a given feature capability.
+ * Should be called from non-preemptible context.
+ */
+static bool __this_cpu_has_cap(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *cap_array,
+			       unsigned int cap)
+{
+	const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps;
+
+	if (WARN_ON(preemptible()))
+		return false;
+
+	for (caps = cap_array; caps->desc; caps++)
+		if (caps->capability == cap &&
+		    caps->matches &&
+		    caps->matches(caps, SCOPE_LOCAL_CPU))
+			return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
 void update_cpu_capabilities(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps,
 			    const char *info)
 {
@@ -1183,8 +1203,9 @@ verify_local_elf_hwcaps(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps)
 }
 
 static void
-verify_local_cpu_features(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps)
+verify_local_cpu_features(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps_list)
 {
+	const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps = caps_list;
 	for (; caps->matches; caps++) {
 		if (!cpus_have_cap(caps->capability))
 			continue;
@@ -1192,7 +1213,7 @@ verify_local_cpu_features(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps)
 		 * If the new CPU misses an advertised feature, we cannot proceed
 		 * further, park the cpu.
 		 */
-		if (!caps->matches(caps, SCOPE_LOCAL_CPU)) {
+		if (!__this_cpu_has_cap(caps_list, caps->capability)) {
 			pr_crit("CPU%d: missing feature: %s\n",
 					smp_processor_id(), caps->desc);
 			cpu_die_early();
@@ -1274,25 +1295,6 @@ static void __init mark_const_caps_ready(void)
 	static_branch_enable(&arm64_const_caps_ready);
 }
 
-/*
- * Check if the current CPU has a given feature capability.
- * Should be called from non-preemptible context.
- */
-static bool __this_cpu_has_cap(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *cap_array,
-			       unsigned int cap)
-{
-	const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *caps;
-
-	if (WARN_ON(preemptible()))
-		return false;
-
-	for (caps = cap_array; caps->desc; caps++)
-		if (caps->capability == cap && caps->matches)
-			return caps->matches(caps, SCOPE_LOCAL_CPU);
-
-	return false;
-}
-
 extern const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities arm64_errata[];
 
 bool this_cpu_has_cap(unsigned int cap)
-- 
2.13.6