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Date: Wed, 7 Feb 2018 00:03:13 +0000
From: David Woodhouse <dwmw@...zon.co.uk>
To: tglx@...utronix.de, torvalds@...ux-foundation.org, x86@...nel.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, bp@...en8.de, peterz@...radead.org,
tim.c.chen@...ux.intel.com, dave.hansen@...el.com,
arjan.van.de.ven@...el.com
Subject: [RFC PATCH 3/4] x86/speculation: Use IBRS if available before calling into firmware
Retpoline means the kernel is safe because it has no indirect branches.
But firmware isn't, so use IBRS for firmware calls if it's available.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@...zon.co.uk>
---
arch/x86/include/asm/apm.h | 6 ++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h | 1 +
arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h | 13 +++++++++++--
arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 12 +++++++++++-
drivers/watchdog/hpwdt.c | 3 +++
6 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/apm.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/apm.h
index 4d4015d..4483616 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/apm.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/apm.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
#ifndef _ASM_X86_MACH_DEFAULT_APM_H
#define _ASM_X86_MACH_DEFAULT_APM_H
+#include <asm/spec_ctrl.h>
+
#ifdef APM_ZERO_SEGS
# define APM_DO_ZERO_SEGS \
"pushl %%ds\n\t" \
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ static inline void apm_bios_call_asm(u32 func, u32 ebx_in, u32 ecx_in,
* N.B. We do NOT need a cld after the BIOS call
* because we always save and restore the flags.
*/
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_start();
__asm__ __volatile__(APM_DO_ZERO_SEGS
"pushl %%edi\n\t"
"pushl %%ebp\n\t"
@@ -44,6 +47,7 @@ static inline void apm_bios_call_asm(u32 func, u32 ebx_in, u32 ecx_in,
"=S" (*esi)
: "a" (func), "b" (ebx_in), "c" (ecx_in)
: "memory", "cc");
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_end();
}
static inline bool apm_bios_call_simple_asm(u32 func, u32 ebx_in,
@@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ static inline bool apm_bios_call_simple_asm(u32 func, u32 ebx_in,
* N.B. We do NOT need a cld after the BIOS call
* because we always save and restore the flags.
*/
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_start();
__asm__ __volatile__(APM_DO_ZERO_SEGS
"pushl %%edi\n\t"
"pushl %%ebp\n\t"
@@ -68,6 +73,7 @@ static inline bool apm_bios_call_simple_asm(u32 func, u32 ebx_in,
"=S" (si)
: "a" (func), "b" (ebx_in), "c" (ecx_in)
: "memory", "cc");
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_end();
return error;
}
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index 73b5fff..66c1434 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@
#define X86_FEATURE_RSB_CTXSW ( 7*32+19) /* "" Fill RSB on context switches */
#define X86_FEATURE_USE_IBPB ( 7*32+21) /* "" Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier enabled */
+#define X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW ( 7*32+22) /* "" Use IBRS during runtime firmware calls */
/* Virtualization flags: Linux defined, word 8 */
#define X86_FEATURE_TPR_SHADOW ( 8*32+ 0) /* Intel TPR Shadow */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
index 85f6ccb..6b27828 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/processor-flags.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
+#include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
/*
* We map the EFI regions needed for runtime services non-contiguously,
@@ -36,8 +37,14 @@
extern asmlinkage unsigned long efi_call_phys(void *, ...);
-#define arch_efi_call_virt_setup() kernel_fpu_begin()
-#define arch_efi_call_virt_teardown() kernel_fpu_end()
+#define arch_efi_call_virt_setup() \
+ kernel_fpu_begin() \
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_start();
+
+#define arch_efi_call_virt_teardown() \
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_end(); \
+ kernel_fpu_end()
+
/*
* Wrap all the virtual calls in a way that forces the parameters on the stack.
@@ -73,6 +80,7 @@ struct efi_scratch {
efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(); \
preempt_disable(); \
__kernel_fpu_begin(); \
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_start(); \
\
if (efi_scratch.use_pgd) { \
efi_scratch.prev_cr3 = __read_cr3(); \
@@ -91,6 +99,7 @@ struct efi_scratch {
__flush_tlb_all(); \
} \
\
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_end(); \
__kernel_fpu_end(); \
preempt_enable(); \
})
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
index 300cc15..788c4da 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
@@ -162,17 +162,36 @@ static inline void vmexit_fill_RSB(void)
#endif
}
+#define alternative_msr_write(_msr, _val, _feature) \
+ asm volatile(ALTERNATIVE("", \
+ "movl %[msr], %%ecx\n\t" \
+ "movl %[val], %%eax\n\t" \
+ "movl $0, %%edx\n\t" \
+ "wrmsr", \
+ _feature) \
+ : : [msr] "i" (_msr), [val] "i" (_val) \
+ : "eax", "ecx", "edx", "memory")
+
static inline void indirect_branch_prediction_barrier(void)
{
- asm volatile(ALTERNATIVE("",
- "movl %[msr], %%ecx\n\t"
- "movl %[val], %%eax\n\t"
- "movl $0, %%edx\n\t"
- "wrmsr",
- X86_FEATURE_USE_IBPB)
- : : [msr] "i" (MSR_IA32_PRED_CMD),
- [val] "i" (PRED_CMD_IBPB)
- : "eax", "ecx", "edx", "memory");
+ alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_PRED_CMD, PRED_CMD_IBPB,
+ X86_FEATURE_USE_IBPB);
+}
+
+/*
+ * With retpoline, we must use IBRS to restrict branch prediction
+ * before calling into firmware.
+ */
+static inline void firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_start(void)
+{
+ alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL, SPEC_CTRL_IBRS,
+ X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW);
+}
+
+static inline void firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_end(void)
+{
+ alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL, 0,
+ X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW);
}
#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
index 61152aa..6f6d763 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -303,6 +303,15 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mitigation(void)
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_USE_IBPB);
pr_info("Enabling Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier\n");
}
+
+ /*
+ * Retpoline means the kernel is safe because it has no indirect
+ * branches. But firmware isn't, so use IBRS to protect that.
+ */
+ if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_IBRS)) {
+ setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW);
+ pr_info("Enabling Restricted Speculation for firmware calls\n");
+ }
}
#undef pr_fmt
@@ -332,8 +341,9 @@ ssize_t cpu_show_spectre_v2(struct device *dev,
if (!boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_SPECTRE_V2))
return sprintf(buf, "Not affected\n");
- return sprintf(buf, "%s%s%s\n", spectre_v2_strings[spectre_v2_enabled],
+ return sprintf(buf, "%s%s%s%s\n", spectre_v2_strings[spectre_v2_enabled],
boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_USE_IBPB) ? ", IBPB" : "",
+ boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW) ? ", IBRS_FW" : "",
spectre_v2_module_string());
}
#endif
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/hpwdt.c b/drivers/watchdog/hpwdt.c
index 67fbe35..bab3721 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/hpwdt.c
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/hpwdt.c
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
#endif /* CONFIG_HPWDT_NMI_DECODING */
#include <asm/nmi.h>
#include <asm/frame.h>
+#include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
#define HPWDT_VERSION "1.4.0"
#define SECS_TO_TICKS(secs) ((secs) * 1000 / 128)
@@ -486,11 +487,13 @@ static int hpwdt_pretimeout(unsigned int ulReason, struct pt_regs *regs)
if (!hpwdt_nmi_decoding)
return NMI_DONE;
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_start();
spin_lock_irqsave(&rom_lock, rom_pl);
if (!die_nmi_called && !is_icru && !is_uefi)
asminline_call(&cmn_regs, cru_rom_addr);
die_nmi_called = 1;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rom_lock, rom_pl);
+ firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_end();
if (allow_kdump)
hpwdt_stop();
--
2.7.4
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