Date:   Thu, 15 Feb 2018 23:35:41 +0000
From:   Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>
To:     Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com>
Cc:     Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        Willy Tarreau <w@....eu>, X86 ML <x86@...nel.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH RFC v2 1/6] x86: Skip PTI when disable indication is set

On Thu, Feb 15, 2018 at 8:51 PM, Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com> wrote:
> Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org> wrote:
>
>> On Thu, Feb 15, 2018 at 4:35 PM, Nadav Amit <namit@...are.com> wrote:
>>> If PTI is disabled, we do not want to switch page-tables. On entry to
>>> the kernel, this is done based on CR3 value. On return, do it according
>>> to per core indication.
>>>
>>> To be on the safe side, avoid speculative skipping of page-tables
>>> switching when returning the userspace. This can be avoided if the CPU
>>> cannot execute speculatively code without the proper permissions. When
>>> switching to the kernel page-tables, this is anyhow not an issue: if PTI
>>> is enabled and page-tables were not switched, the kernel part of the
>>> user page-tables would not be set.
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@...are.com>
>>> ---
>>> arch/x86/entry/calling.h        | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>> arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h | 17 +++++++++++++++--
>>> arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c   |  1 +
>>> 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/calling.h b/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
>>> index 3f48f695d5e6..5e9895f44d11 100644
>>> --- a/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
>>> +++ b/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
>>> @@ -216,7 +216,14 @@ For 32-bit we have the following conventions - kernel is built with
>>>
>>> .macro SWITCH_TO_KERNEL_CR3 scratch_reg:req
>>>        ALTERNATIVE "jmp .Lend_\@", "", X86_FEATURE_PTI
>>> +
>>> +       /*
>>> +        * Do not switch on compatibility mode.
>>> +        */
>>
>> That comment should just say "if we're already using kernel CR3, don't
>> switch" or something like that.
>
> ok.
>
>>
>>>        mov     %cr3, \scratch_reg
>>> +       testq   $PTI_USER_PGTABLE_MASK, \scratch_reg
>>> +       jz      .Lend_\@
>>> +
>>>        ADJUST_KERNEL_CR3 \scratch_reg
>>>        mov     \scratch_reg, %cr3
>>> .Lend_\@:
>>> @@ -225,8 +232,20 @@ For 32-bit we have the following conventions - kernel is built with
>>> #define THIS_CPU_user_pcid_flush_mask   \
>>>        PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_tlbstate) + TLB_STATE_user_pcid_flush_mask
>>>
>>> +#define THIS_CPU_pti_disable \
>>> +       PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_tlbstate) + TLB_STATE_pti_disable
>>> +
>>> .macro SWITCH_TO_USER_CR3_NOSTACK scratch_reg:req scratch_reg2:req
>>>        ALTERNATIVE "jmp .Lend_\@", "", X86_FEATURE_PTI
>>> +
>>> +       /*
>>> +        * Do not switch on compatibility mode. If there is no need for a
>>> +        * flush, run lfence to avoid speculative execution returning to user
>>> +        * with the wrong CR3.
>>> +        */
>>
>> Nix the "compatibility mode" stuff please.  Also, can someone confirm
>> whether the affected CPUs actually speculate through SYSRET?  Because
>> your LFENCE might be so expensive that it negates a decent chunk of
>> the benefit.
>
> I will send performance numbers with in the next iteration. The LFENCE did
> not introduce high overheads. Anyhow, it would surely be nice to remove it.
>
>>> +       /*
>>> +        * Cached value of mm.pti_enable to simplify and speed up kernel entry
>>> +        * code.
>>> +        */
>>> +       unsigned short pti_disable;
>>
>> Why unsigned short?
>>
>> IIRC a lot of CPUs use a slow path when decoding instructions with
>> 16-bit operands like cmpw, so u8 or u32 could be waaaay faster than
>> u16.
>
> Will do.
>
>>
>>> +/* Return whether page-table isolation is disabled on this CPU */
>>> +static inline unsigned short cpu_pti_disable(void)
>>> +{
>>> +       return this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.pti_disable);
>>> +}
>>
>> This should return bool regardless of what type lives in the struct.
>
> Ok. I think that it was so because I tried to support both CS64 and CS32.
>
>>
>>> -       invalidate_user_asid(this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.loaded_mm_asid));
>>> +       if (!cpu_pti_disable())
>>> +               invalidate_user_asid(this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.loaded_mm_asid));
>>
>> This will go badly wrong if pti_disable becomes dynamic.  Can you just
>> leave the code as it was?
>
> Will do.
>
>>
>>>        /* If current->mm == NULL then the read_cr3() "borrows" an mm */
>>>        native_write_cr3(__native_read_cr3());
>>> @@ -404,7 +417,7 @@ static inline void __native_flush_tlb_single(unsigned long addr)
>>>
>>>        asm volatile("invlpg (%0)" ::"r" (addr) : "memory");
>>>
>>> -       if (!static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PTI))
>>> +       if (!static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PTI) || cpu_pti_disable())
>>>                return;
>>
>> Ditto.
>
> As for this last one - I don’t see why. Can you please explain? If you are
> only worried about enabling/disabling PTI dynamically, I can address this
> specific issue by flushing the TLB when it happens.
>

Simplicity.  But if the code is careful to get all the flushing right
when the mode switches, I'm okay with keeping the optimization.

--Andy

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