Message-ID: <CAJHCu1LAvw5N8cXr-L8goEXUN5+jAdC4aUv3jNW0FxO9W_VH1w@mail.gmail.com>
Date:   Wed, 28 Feb 2018 10:22:10 +0100
From:   Salvatore Mesoraca <s.mesoraca16@...il.com>
To:     Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc:     LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Kernel Hardening <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>,
        "linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Alan Cox <gnomes@...rguk.ukuu.org.uk>,
        Alexander Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>,
        David Laight <David.Laight@...lab.com>,
        Ian Campbell <ijc@...lion.org.uk>,
        Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>,
        Pavel Vasilyev <dixlor@...il.com>,
        Solar Designer <solar@...nwall.com>,
        "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@...ssion.com>,
        "Tobin C. Harding" <me@...in.cc>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v4] Protected FIFOs and regular files

2018-02-27 21:22 GMT+01:00 Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>:
> On Tue, Feb 27, 2018 at 11:47 AM, Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org> wrote:
>> On Tue, Feb 27, 2018 at 3:00 AM, Salvatore Mesoraca
>> <s.mesoraca16@...il.com> wrote:
>>> Disallows open of FIFOs or regular files not owned by the user in world
>>> writable sticky directories, unless the owner is the same as that of
>>> the directory or the file is opened without the O_CREAT flag.
>>> The purpose is to make data spoofing attacks harder.
>>> This protection can be turned on and off separately for FIFOs and regular
>>> files via sysctl, just like the symlinks/hardlinks protection.
>>> This patch is based on Openwall's "HARDEN_FIFO" feature by Solar
>>> Designer.
>>>
>>> This is a brief list of old vulnerabilities that could have been prevented
>>> by this feature, some of them even allow for privilege escalation:
>>> CVE-2000-1134
>>> CVE-2007-3852
>>> CVE-2008-0525
>>> CVE-2009-0416
>>> CVE-2011-4834
>>> CVE-2015-1838
>>> CVE-2015-7442
>>> CVE-2016-7489
>>>
>>> This list is not meant to be complete. It's difficult to track down
>>> all vulnerabilities of this kind because they were often reported
>>> without any mention of this particular attack vector.
>>> In fact, before hardlinks/symlinks restrictions, fifos/regular
>>> files weren't the favorite vehicle to exploit them.
>>>
>>> Suggested-by: Solar Designer <solar@...nwall.com>
>>> Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
>>> Signed-off-by: Salvatore Mesoraca <s.mesoraca16@...il.com>
>>> ---
>>>
>>> Notes:
>>>     Changes in v3:
>>>         - Fixed format string for uid_t that is unsigned
>>>           (suggested by Jann Horn).
>>>     Changes in v4:
>>>         - Some English fixes (suggested by Tobin C. Harding).
>>>         - The original patchset has been split to help this part
>>>           land upstream (suggested by Solar Designer).
>>>
>>>  Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>>  fs/namei.c                  | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
>>>  include/linux/fs.h          |  2 ++
>>>  kernel/sysctl.c             | 18 +++++++++++++
>>>  4 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt
>>> index 6c00c1e..819caf8 100644
>>> --- a/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt
>>> +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt
>>> @@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/fs:
>>>  - overflowgid
>>>  - pipe-user-pages-hard
>>>  - pipe-user-pages-soft
>>> +- protected_fifos
>>>  - protected_hardlinks
>>> +- protected_regular
>>>  - protected_symlinks
>>>  - suid_dumpable
>>>  - super-max
>>> @@ -182,6 +184,24 @@ applied.
>>>
>>>  ==============================================================
>>>
>>> +protected_fifos:
>>> +
>>> +The intent of this protection is to avoid unintentional writes to
>>> +an attacker-controlled FIFO, where a program expected to create a regular
>>> +file.
>>> +
>>> +When set to "0", writing to FIFOs is unrestricted.
>>> +
>>> +When set to "1" don't allow O_CREAT open on FIFOs that we don't own
>>> +in world writable sticky directories, unless they are owned by the
>>> +owner of the directory.
>>> +
>>> +When set to "2" it also applies to group writable sticky directories.
>>> +
>>> +This protection is based on the restrictions in Openwall.
>>> +
>>> +==============================================================
>>> +
>>>  protected_hardlinks:
>>>
>>>  A long-standing class of security issues is the hardlink-based
>>> @@ -202,6 +222,22 @@ This protection is based on the restrictions in Openwall and grsecurity.
>>>
>>>  ==============================================================
>>>
>>> +protected_regular:
>>> +
>>> +This protection is similar to protected_fifos, but it
>>> +avoids writes to an attacker-controlled regular file, where a program
>>> +expected to create one.
>>> +
>>> +When set to "0", writing to regular files is unrestricted.
>>> +
>>> +When set to "1" don't allow O_CREAT open on regular files that we
>>> +don't own in world writable sticky directories, unless they are
>>> +owned by the owner of the directory.
>>> +
>>> +When set to "2" it also applies to group writable sticky directories.
>>> +
>>> +==============================================================
>>> +
>>>  protected_symlinks:
>>>
>>>  A long-standing class of security issues is the symlink-based
>>> diff --git a/fs/namei.c b/fs/namei.c
>>> index 921ae32..eaab668 100644
>>> --- a/fs/namei.c
>>> +++ b/fs/namei.c
>>> @@ -883,6 +883,8 @@ static inline void put_link(struct nameidata *nd)
>>>
>>>  int sysctl_protected_symlinks __read_mostly = 0;
>>>  int sysctl_protected_hardlinks __read_mostly = 0;
>>> +int sysctl_protected_fifos __read_mostly;
>>> +int sysctl_protected_regular __read_mostly;
>>>
>>>  /**
>>>   * may_follow_link - Check symlink following for unsafe situations
>>> @@ -996,6 +998,54 @@ static int may_linkat(struct path *link)
>>>         return -EPERM;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> +/**
>>> + * may_create_in_sticky - Check whether an O_CREAT open in a sticky directory
>>> + *                       should be allowed, or not, on files that already
>>> + *                       exist.
>>> + * @dir: the sticky parent directory
>>> + * @name: the file name
>>> + * @inode: the inode of the file to open
>>> + *
>>> + * Block an O_CREAT open of a FIFO (or a regular file) when:
>>> + *   - sysctl_protected_fifos (or sysctl_protected_regular) is enabled
>>> + *   - the file already exists
>>> + *   - we are in a sticky directory
>>> + *   - we don't own the file
>>> + *   - the owner of the directory doesn't own the file
>>> + *   - the directory is world writable
>>> + * If the sysctl_protected_fifos (or sysctl_protected_regular) is set to 2
>>> + * the directory doesn't have to be world writable: being group writable will
>>> + * be enough.
>>> + *
>>> + * Returns 0 if the open is allowed, -ve on error.
>>> + */
>>> +static int may_create_in_sticky(struct dentry * const dir,
>>> +                               const unsigned char * const name,
>>> +                               struct inode * const inode)
>>> +{
>>> +       if ((!sysctl_protected_fifos && S_ISFIFO(inode->i_mode)) ||
>>> +           (!sysctl_protected_regular && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) ||
>>> +           likely(!(dir->d_inode->i_mode & S_ISVTX)) ||
>>> +           uid_eq(inode->i_uid, dir->d_inode->i_uid) ||
>>> +           uid_eq(current_fsuid(), inode->i_uid))
>>> +               return 0;
>>> +
>>> +       if (likely(dir->d_inode->i_mode & 0002) ||
>>> +           (dir->d_inode->i_mode & 0020 &&
>>> +            ((sysctl_protected_fifos >= 2 && S_ISFIFO(inode->i_mode)) ||
>>> +             (sysctl_protected_regular >= 2 && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))))) {
>>> +               pr_notice_ratelimited("denied writing in '%s' of %u.%u in a sticky directory by UID %u, EUID %u, process %s:%d.\n",
>>> +                                     name,
>>> +                                     from_kuid(&init_user_ns, inode->i_uid),
>>> +                                     from_kgid(&init_user_ns, inode->i_gid),
>>> +                                     from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid()),
>>> +                                     from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_euid()),
>>> +                                     current->comm, current->pid);
>>
>> Instead of this pr_notice_ratelimited(), I think
>> audit_log_link_denied() should be refactored and used instead. Drop
>> this line from this patch, and I think this is great as-is. The
>> logging can be separate (as it may get heavily bike-shed, as I
>> experienced with hard/symlink restrictions).
>>
>> Otherwise, I think this looks great.
>>
>> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
>
> I've also tested this now; so:
>
> Tested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
>
> # grep . /proc/sys/fs/protected_*
> /proc/sys/fs/protected_fifos:0
> /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks:1
> /proc/sys/fs/protected_regular:0
> /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks:1
> # cd /tmp
> # mkfifo fifo
> # touch regular
> # chown nobody fifo regular
> # chmod a+w fifo regular
> # chmod a+w regular
> # cat fifo > output &
> # su - keescook
> $ cd /tmp
> $ python
> ...
>>>> import os
>>>> fd = os.open("fifo", os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT)
>>>> os.write(fd, "OHAI\n")
> 5
>>>> fd = os.open("regular", os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT)
>>>> os.write(fd, "OHAI\n")
> 5
>>>> exit()
> $ exit
> # echo 1 > /proc/sys/fs/protected_fifos
> # echo 1 > /proc/sys/fs/protected_regular
> # su - keescook
> $ cd /tmp
> $ python
> ...
>>>> import os
>>>> fd = os.open("fifo", os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT)
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
> OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'fifo'
>>>> fd = os.open("regular", os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT)
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
> OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'regular'
>
>> I'll create a branch for this on git.kernel.org and see if anything
>> surprising pops out. :)
>
> Here it is with my suggested refactoring of the audit message:
>
> https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux.git/log/?h=kspp/userspace/protected-creat
>
> Which produces:
>
> [  146.854080] audit: type=1703 audit(1519762816.978:95): op=fifo
> ppid=3091 pid=3092 auid=0 uid=1000 gid=1000 euid=1000 suid=1000
> fsuid=1000 egid=1000 sgid=1000 fsgid=1000 tty=pts8 ses=1 comm="python"
> exe="/usr/bin/python2.7" res=0
> [  146.858691] audit: type=1302 audit(1519762816.978:95): item=0
> name="/tmp/fifo" inode=531 dev=fd:01 mode=010666 ouid=65534 ogid=0
> rdev=00:00 nametype=NORMAL cap_fp=0000000000000000
> cap_fi=0000000000000000 cap_fe=0 cap_fver=0
> ...
> [  152.993518] audit: type=1703 audit(1519762823.117:96): op=regular
> ppid=3091 pid=3092 auid=0 uid=1000 gid=1000 euid=1000 suid=1000
> fsuid=1000 egid=1000 sgid=1000 fsgid=1000 tty=pts8 ses=1 comm="python"
> exe="/usr/bin/python2.7" res=0
> [  152.997963] audit: type=1302 audit(1519762823.117:96): item=0
> name="/tmp/regular" inode=700 dev=fd:01 mode=0100666 ouid=65534 ogid=0
> rdev=00:00 nametype=NORMAL cap_fp=0000000000000000
> cap_fi=0000000000000000 cap_fe=0 cap_fver=0
>
> and other things (uid, etc)

Awesome! Thank you very much for your help!

Salvatore

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