Date:   Mon, 27 Aug 2018 15:54:55 -0700
From:   Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com>
To:     Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>
Cc:     Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
        Jiri Kosina <jkosina@...e.cz>,
        Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>,
        Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@....ibm.com>,
        Nick Piggin <npiggin@...il.com>,
        the arch/x86 maintainers <x86@...nel.org>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
        Rik van Riel <riel@...riel.com>,
        Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>,
        Adin Scannell <ascannell@...gle.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-mm <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        David Miller <davem@...emloft.net>,
        Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@...ibm.com>,
        Michael Ellerman <mpe@...erman.id.au>
Subject: Re: TLB flushes on fixmap changes

at 3:32 PM, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org> wrote:

> On Mon, Aug 27, 2018 at 2:55 PM, Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com> wrote:
>> at 1:16 PM, Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com> wrote:
>> 
>>> at 12:58 PM, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org> wrote:
>>> 
>>>> On Mon, Aug 27, 2018 at 12:43 PM, Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com> wrote:
>>>>> at 12:10 PM, Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com> wrote:
>>>>> 
>>>>>> at 11:58 AM, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org> wrote:
>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> On Mon, Aug 27, 2018 at 11:54 AM, Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On Mon, Aug 27, 2018 at 10:34 AM, Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>> What do you all think?
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> I agree in general. But I think that current->mm would need to be loaded, as
>>>>>>>> otherwise I am afraid it would break switch_mm_irqs_off().
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> What breaks?
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> Actually nothing. I just saw the IBPB stuff regarding tsk, but it should not
>>>>>> matter.
>>>>> 
>>>>> So here is what I got. It certainly needs some cleanup, but it boots.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Let me know how crappy you find it...
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/mmu_context.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/mmu_context.h
>>>>> index bbc796eb0a3b..336779650a41 100644
>>>>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/mmu_context.h
>>>>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/mmu_context.h
>>>>> @@ -343,4 +343,24 @@ static inline unsigned long __get_current_cr3_fast(void)
>>>>>      return cr3;
>>>>> }
>>>>> 
>>>>> +typedef struct {
>>>>> +       struct mm_struct *prev;
>>>>> +} temporary_mm_state_t;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +static inline temporary_mm_state_t use_temporary_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +       temporary_mm_state_t state;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +       lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
>>>>> +       state.prev = this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.loaded_mm);
>>>>> +       switch_mm_irqs_off(NULL, mm, current);
>>>>> +       return state;
>>>>> +}
>>>>> +
>>>>> +static inline void unuse_temporary_mm(temporary_mm_state_t prev)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +       lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
>>>>> +       switch_mm_irqs_off(NULL, prev.prev, current);
>>>>> +}
>>>>> +
>>>>> #endif /* _ASM_X86_MMU_CONTEXT_H */
>>>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
>>>>> index 5715647fc4fe..ef62af9a0ef7 100644
>>>>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
>>>>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
>>>>> @@ -976,6 +976,10 @@ static inline void __meminit init_trampoline_default(void)
>>>>>      /* Default trampoline pgd value */
>>>>>      trampoline_pgd_entry = init_top_pgt[pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)];
>>>>> }
>>>>> +
>>>>> +void __init patching_mm_init(void);
>>>>> +#define patching_mm_init patching_mm_init
>>>>> +
>>>>> # ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY
>>>>> void __meminit init_trampoline(void);
>>>>> # else
>>>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h
>>>>> index 054765ab2da2..9f44262abde0 100644
>>>>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h
>>>>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h
>>>>> @@ -116,6 +116,9 @@ extern unsigned int ptrs_per_p4d;
>>>>> #define LDT_PGD_ENTRY          (pgtable_l5_enabled() ? LDT_PGD_ENTRY_L5 : LDT_PGD_ENTRY_L4)
>>>>> #define LDT_BASE_ADDR          (LDT_PGD_ENTRY << PGDIR_SHIFT)
>>>>> 
>>>>> +#define TEXT_POKE_PGD_ENTRY    -5UL
>>>>> +#define TEXT_POKE_ADDR         (TEXT_POKE_PGD_ENTRY << PGDIR_SHIFT)
>>>>> +
>>>>> #define __VMALLOC_BASE_L4      0xffffc90000000000UL
>>>>> #define __VMALLOC_BASE_L5      0xffa0000000000000UL
>>>>> 
>>>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h
>>>>> index 99fff853c944..840c72ec8c4f 100644
>>>>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h
>>>>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h
>>>>> @@ -505,6 +505,9 @@ pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
>>>>> /* Install a pte for a particular vaddr in kernel space. */
>>>>> void set_pte_vaddr(unsigned long vaddr, pte_t pte);
>>>>> 
>>>>> +struct mm_struct;
>>>>> +void set_mm_pte_vaddr(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr, pte_t pte);
>>>>> +
>>>>> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
>>>>> extern void native_pagetable_init(void);
>>>>> #else
>>>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/text-patching.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/text-patching.h
>>>>> index 2ecd34e2d46c..cb364ea5b19d 100644
>>>>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/text-patching.h
>>>>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/text-patching.h
>>>>> @@ -38,4 +38,6 @@ extern void *text_poke(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len);
>>>>> extern int poke_int3_handler(struct pt_regs *regs);
>>>>> extern void *text_poke_bp(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len, void *handler);
>>>>> 
>>>>> +extern struct mm_struct *patching_mm;
>>>>> +
>>>>> #endif /* _ASM_X86_TEXT_PATCHING_H */
>>>>> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
>>>>> index a481763a3776..fd8a950b0d62 100644
>>>>> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
>>>>> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
>>>>> @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
>>>>> #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
>>>>> #include <linux/slab.h>
>>>>> #include <linux/kdebug.h>
>>>>> +#include <linux/mmu_context.h>
>>>>> #include <asm/text-patching.h>
>>>>> #include <asm/alternative.h>
>>>>> #include <asm/sections.h>
>>>>> @@ -701,8 +702,36 @@ void *text_poke(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len)
>>>>>              WARN_ON(!PageReserved(pages[0]));
>>>>>              pages[1] = virt_to_page(addr + PAGE_SIZE);
>>>>>      }
>>>>> -       BUG_ON(!pages[0]);
>>>>> +
>>>>>      local_irq_save(flags);
>>>>> +       BUG_ON(!pages[0]);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +       /*
>>>>> +        * During initial boot, it is hard to initialize patching_mm due to
>>>>> +        * dependencies in boot order.
>>>>> +        */
>>>>> +       if (patching_mm) {
>>>>> +               pte_t pte;
>>>>> +               temporary_mm_state_t prev;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +               prev = use_temporary_mm(patching_mm);
>>>>> +               pte = mk_pte(pages[0], PAGE_KERNEL);
>>>>> +               set_mm_pte_vaddr(patching_mm, TEXT_POKE_ADDR, pte);
>>>>> +               pte = mk_pte(pages[1], PAGE_KERNEL);
>>>>> +               set_mm_pte_vaddr(patching_mm, TEXT_POKE_ADDR + PAGE_SIZE, pte);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +               memcpy((void *)(TEXT_POKE_ADDR | ((unsigned long)addr & ~PAGE_MASK)),
>>>>> +                      opcode, len);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +               set_mm_pte_vaddr(patching_mm, TEXT_POKE_ADDR, __pte(0));
>>>>> +               set_mm_pte_vaddr(patching_mm, TEXT_POKE_ADDR + PAGE_SIZE, __pte(0));
>>>>> +               local_flush_tlb();
>>>> 
>>>> Hmm.  This is stuff busted on SMP, and it's IMO more complicated than
>>>> needed.  How about getting rid of all the weird TLB flushing stuff and
>>>> instead putting the mapping at vaddr - __START_KERNEL_map or whatever
>>>> it is?  You *might* need to flush_tlb_mm_range() on module unload, but
>>>> that's it.
>>> 
>>> I don’t see what’s wrong in SMP, since this entire piece of code should be
>>> running under text_mutex.
>>> 
>>> I don’t quite understand your proposal. I really don’t want to have any
>>> chance in which the page-tables for the poked address is not preallocated.
>>> 
>>> It is more complicated than needed, and there are redundant TLB flushes. The
>>> reason I preferred to do it this way, is in order not to use other functions
>>> that take locks during the software page-walk and not to duplicate existing
>>> code. Yet, duplication might be the way to go.
>>> 
>>>>> +               sync_core();
>>>> 
>>>> I can't think of any case where sync_core() is needed.  The mm switch
>>>> serializes.
>>> 
>>> Good point!
>>> 
>>>> Also, is there any circumstance in which any of this is used before at
>>>> least jump table init?  All the early stuff is text_poke_early(),
>>>> right?
>>> 
>>> Not before jump_label_init. However, I did not manage to get rid of the two
>>> code-patches in text_poke(), since text_poke is used relatively early by
>>> x86_late_time_init(), and at this stage kmem_cache_alloc() - which is needed
>>> to duplicate init_mm - still fails.
>> 
>> Another correction: the populate_extra_pte() is not needed.
>> 
>> Anyhow, if you want to do this whole thing differently, I obviously will not
>> object, but I think it will end up more complicated.
>> 
>> I think I finally understood your comment about "vaddr -
>> __START_KERNEL_map”. I did something like that before, and it is not
>> super-simple. You need not only to conditionally flush the TLB, but also
>> to synchronize the PUD/PMD on changes. Don’t forget that module memory
>> is installed even when BPF programs are installed.
>> 
>> Let me know if you want me to submit cleaner patches or you want to carry on
>> yourself.
> 
> I think your approach is a good start and should be good enough (with
> cleanups) as a fix for the bug.  But I think your code has the same
> bug that we have now!  You're reusing the same address on multiple
> CPUs without flushing.  You can easily fix it by forcing a flush
> before loading the mm, which should be as simple as adding
> flush_tlb_mm() before you load the mm.  (It won't actually flush
> anything by itself, since the mm isn't loaded, but it will update the
> bookkeeping so that switch_mm_irqs_off() flushes the mm.)

What am I missing?

We have a lock (text_mutex) which prevents the use of the new page-table
hierarchy on multiple CPUs. In addition we have __set_pte_vaddr() which does
a local TLB flush before the lock is released and before IRQs are enabled.
So how can the PTE be cached on multiple CPUs?

Yes, __set_pte_vaddr() is ugly and flushes too much. I’ll try to remove some
redundant TLB flushes, but these flushes are already there.

> Also, please at least get rid of TEXT_POKE_ADDR.  If you don't want to
> do the vaddr - __START_KERNEL_map thing, then at least pick an address
> in the low half of the address space such as 0 :)  Ideally you'd only
> use this thing late enough that you could even use the normal
> insert_pfn (or similar) API for it, but that doesn't really matter.

Perhaps the vaddr - __START_KERNEL_map actually makes sense. I was
misunderstanding it (again) before, thinking you want me to use vaddr (and
not the delta). I’ll give it a try.

Thanks,
Nadav

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