Date:   Fri, 12 Oct 2018 20:29:47 +0200
From:   Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@...mens.com>
To:     Joerg Roedel <joro@...tes.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
        "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
Cc:     x86@...nel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>,
        Juergen Gross <jgross@...e.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>, Jiri Kosina <jkosina@...e.cz>,
        Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@...cle.com>,
        Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>,
        David Laight <David.Laight@...lab.com>,
        Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@...hat.com>,
        Eduardo Valentin <eduval@...zon.com>,
        Greg KH <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>, aliguori@...zon.com,
        daniel.gruss@...k.tugraz.at, hughd@...gle.com, keescook@...gle.com,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 10/39] x86/entry/32: Handle Entry from Kernel-Mode on
 Entry-Stack

On 18.07.18 11:40, Joerg Roedel wrote:
> From: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@...e.de>
> 
> It can happen that we enter the kernel from kernel-mode and
> on the entry-stack. The most common way this happens is when
> we get an exception while loading the user-space segment
> registers on the kernel-to-userspace exit path.
> 
> The segment loading needs to be done after the entry-stack
> switch, because the stack-switch needs kernel %fs for
> per_cpu access.
> 
> When this happens, we need to make sure that we leave the
> kernel with the entry-stack again, so that the interrupted
> code-path runs on the right stack when switching to the
> user-cr3.
> 
> We do this by detecting this condition on kernel-entry by
> checking CS.RPL and %esp, and if it happens, we copy over
> the complete content of the entry stack to the task-stack.
> This needs to be done because once we enter the exception
> handlers we might be scheduled out or even migrated to a
> different CPU, so that we can't rely on the entry-stack
> contents. We also leave a marker in the stack-frame to
> detect this condition on the exit path.
> 
> On the exit path the copy is reversed, we copy all of the
> remaining task-stack back to the entry-stack and switch
> to it.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@...e.de>
> ---
>   arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S | 116 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>   1 file changed, 115 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
> index 7635925..9d6eceb 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
> +++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
> @@ -294,6 +294,9 @@
>    * copied there. So allocate the stack-frame on the task-stack and
>    * switch to it before we do any copying.
>    */
> +
> +#define CS_FROM_ENTRY_STACK	(1 << 31)
> +
>   .macro SWITCH_TO_KERNEL_STACK
>   
>   	ALTERNATIVE     "", "jmp .Lend_\@", X86_FEATURE_XENPV
> @@ -316,6 +319,16 @@
>   	/* Load top of task-stack into %edi */
>   	movl	TSS_entry2task_stack(%edi), %edi
>   
> +	/*
> +	 * Clear unused upper bits of the dword containing the word-sized CS
> +	 * slot in pt_regs in case hardware didn't clear it for us.
> +	 */
> +	andl	$(0x0000ffff), PT_CS(%esp)
> +
> +	/* Special case - entry from kernel mode via entry stack */
> +	testl	$SEGMENT_RPL_MASK, PT_CS(%esp)
> +	jz	.Lentry_from_kernel_\@
> +
>   	/* Bytes to copy */
>   	movl	$PTREGS_SIZE, %ecx
>   
> @@ -329,8 +342,8 @@
>   	 */
>   	addl	$(4 * 4), %ecx
>   
> -.Lcopy_pt_regs_\@:
>   #endif
> +.Lcopy_pt_regs_\@:
>   
>   	/* Allocate frame on task-stack */
>   	subl	%ecx, %edi
> @@ -346,6 +359,56 @@
>   	cld
>   	rep movsl
>   
> +	jmp .Lend_\@
> +
> +.Lentry_from_kernel_\@:
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * This handles the case when we enter the kernel from
> +	 * kernel-mode and %esp points to the entry-stack. When this
> +	 * happens we need to switch to the task-stack to run C code,
> +	 * but switch back to the entry-stack again when we approach
> +	 * iret and return to the interrupted code-path. This usually
> +	 * happens when we hit an exception while restoring user-space
> +	 * segment registers on the way back to user-space.
> +	 *
> +	 * When we switch to the task-stack here, we can't trust the
> +	 * contents of the entry-stack anymore, as the exception handler
> +	 * might be scheduled out or moved to another CPU. Therefore we
> +	 * copy the complete entry-stack to the task-stack and set a
> +	 * marker in the iret-frame (bit 31 of the CS dword) to detect
> +	 * what we've done on the iret path.
> +	 *
> +	 * On the iret path we copy everything back and switch to the
> +	 * entry-stack, so that the interrupted kernel code-path
> +	 * continues on the same stack it was interrupted with.
> +	 *
> +	 * Be aware that an NMI can happen anytime in this code.
> +	 *
> +	 * %esi: Entry-Stack pointer (same as %esp)
> +	 * %edi: Top of the task stack
> +	 */
> +
> +	/* Calculate number of bytes on the entry stack in %ecx */
> +	movl	%esi, %ecx
> +
> +	/* %ecx to the top of entry-stack */
> +	andl	$(MASK_entry_stack), %ecx
> +	addl	$(SIZEOF_entry_stack), %ecx
> +
> +	/* Number of bytes on the entry stack to %ecx */
> +	sub	%esi, %ecx
> +
> +	/* Mark stackframe as coming from entry stack */
> +	orl	$CS_FROM_ENTRY_STACK, PT_CS(%esp)
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * %esi and %edi are unchanged, %ecx contains the number of
> +	 * bytes to copy. The code at .Lcopy_pt_regs_\@ will allocate
> +	 * the stack-frame on task-stack and copy everything over
> +	 */
> +	jmp .Lcopy_pt_regs_\@
> +
>   .Lend_\@:
>   .endm
>   
> @@ -404,6 +467,56 @@
>   .endm
>   
>   /*
> + * This macro handles the case when we return to kernel-mode on the iret
> + * path and have to switch back to the entry stack.
> + *
> + * See the comments below the .Lentry_from_kernel_\@ label in the
> + * SWITCH_TO_KERNEL_STACK macro for more details.
> + */
> +.macro PARANOID_EXIT_TO_KERNEL_MODE
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Test if we entered the kernel with the entry-stack. Most
> +	 * likely we did not, because this code only runs on the
> +	 * return-to-kernel path.
> +	 */
> +	testl	$CS_FROM_ENTRY_STACK, PT_CS(%esp)
> +	jz	.Lend_\@
> +
> +	/* Unlikely slow-path */
> +
> +	/* Clear marker from stack-frame */
> +	andl	$(~CS_FROM_ENTRY_STACK), PT_CS(%esp)
> +
> +	/* Copy the remaining task-stack contents to entry-stack */
> +	movl	%esp, %esi
> +	movl	PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_tss_rw + TSS_sp0), %edi
> +
> +	/* Bytes on the task-stack to ecx */
> +	movl	PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_tss_rw + TSS_sp1), %ecx
> +	subl	%esi, %ecx
> +
> +	/* Allocate stack-frame on entry-stack */
> +	subl	%ecx, %edi
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Save future stack-pointer, we must not switch until the
> +	 * copy is done, otherwise the NMI handler could destroy the
> +	 * contents of the task-stack we are about to copy.
> +	 */
> +	movl	%edi, %ebx
> +
> +	/* Do the copy */
> +	shrl	$2, %ecx
> +	cld
> +	rep movsl
> +
> +	/* Safe to switch to entry-stack now */
> +	movl	%ebx, %esp
> +
> +.Lend_\@:
> +.endm
> +/*
>    * %eax: prev task
>    * %edx: next task
>    */
> @@ -764,6 +877,7 @@ restore_all:
>   
>   restore_all_kernel:
>   	TRACE_IRQS_IRET
> +	PARANOID_EXIT_TO_KERNEL_MODE
>   	RESTORE_REGS 4
>   	jmp	.Lirq_return
>   
> 

I've bisected down a boot breakage on Intel Quark board (config attached) to 
this commit (b92a165df17e, I additionally had to apply d1b47a7c9efc). The kernel 
prints out nothing if this is in.

The board is an Siemens IOT2000, I will check if this can also be triggered on a 
similar Galileo Gen2. Qemu does not like to reproduce it, unfortunately.

The commit look unsuspicious at first glance - maybe it is just changing some 
layout in an unfortunate way. Any ideas?

Thanks,
Jan

-- 
Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, CT RDA IOT SES-DE
Corporate Competence Center Embedded Linux

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