Date:   Tue, 23 Oct 2018 10:59:05 -0400 (EDT)
From:   Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>
To:     Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@....com>
Cc:     nd <nd@....com>, Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>,
        linux-kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-api <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>,
        Dave Watson <davejwatson@...com>, Paul Turner <pjt@...gle.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Russell King <linux@....linux.org.uk>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>, Andi Kleen <andi@...stfloor.org>,
        Chris Lameter <cl@...ux.com>, Ben Maurer <bmaurer@...com>,
        rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
        Josh Triplett <josh@...htriplett.org>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Catalin Marinas <Catalin.Marinas@....com>,
        Will Deacon <Will.Deacon@....com>,
        Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@...il.com>,
        Joel Fernandes <joelaf@...gle.com>, shuah <shuah@...nel.org>,
        carlos <carlos@...hat.com>, Florian Weimer <fweimer@...hat.com>,
        Joseph Myers <joseph@...esourcery.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH for 4.21 01/16] rseq/selftests: Add reference
 counter to coexist with glibc

----- On Oct 12, 2018, at 10:59 AM, Szabolcs Nagy szabolcs.nagy@....com wrote:

> On 11/10/18 20:42, Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
>> ----- On Oct 11, 2018, at 1:04 PM, Szabolcs Nagy Szabolcs.Nagy@....com wrote:
>> 
>>> On 11/10/18 17:37, Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
>>>> ----- On Oct 11, 2018, at 12:20 PM, Szabolcs Nagy Szabolcs.Nagy@....com wrote:
>>>>> On 11/10/18 16:13, Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
>>>>>> ----- On Oct 11, 2018, at 6:37 AM, Szabolcs Nagy Szabolcs.Nagy@....com wrote:
>>>>>>> On 10/10/18 20:19, Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
>>>>>>>> +__attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) __thread
>>>>>>>> +volatile struct libc_rseq __lib_rseq_abi = {
>>>>>>> ...
>>>>> but it's in a magic struct that's called "abi" which is confusing,
>>>>> the counter is not abi, it's in a hidden object.
>>>>
>>>> No, it is really an ABI between user-space apps/libs. It's not meant to be
>>>> hidden. glibc implements its own register/unregister functions (it does not
>>>> link against librseq). librseq exposes register/unregister functions as public
>>>> APIs. Those also use the refcount. I also plan to have existing libraries, e.g.
>>>> liblttng-ust and possibly liburcu flavors, implement the
>>>> registration/unregistration and refcount handling on their own, so we don't
>>>> have to add a requirement on additional linking on librseq for pre-existing
>>>> libraries.
>>>>
>>>> So that refcount is not an ABI between kernel and user-space, but it's a
>>>> user-space ABI nevertheless (between program and shared objects).
>>>>
>>>
>>> if that's what you want, then your declaration is wrong.
>>> the object should not have hidden visibility.
>> 
>> Actually, if we look closer into my patch, it defines two symbols,
>> one of which is an alias:
>> 
>> __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) __thread
>> volatile struct libc_rseq __lib_rseq_abi = {
>>         .cpu_id = RSEQ_CPU_ID_UNINITIALIZED,
>> };
>> 
>> extern __attribute__((weak, alias("__lib_rseq_abi"))) __thread
>> volatile struct rseq __rseq_abi;
>> 
>> Note that the public __rseq_abi symbol is weak but does not have
>> hidden visibility. I do this to ensure I don't get prototype
>> mismatch for __rseq_abi between rseq.c and rseq.h (it is required
>> to be a struct rseq by rseq.h), but I want the space to hold the
>> extra refcount field present in struct libc_rseq.
>> 
>

I notice this email has been sitting in my inbox for a while, sorry
for the delayed reply.
 
> but that's wrong: the weak symbol might get resolved to
> a different object in another module, while you increment
> a local refcounter, so there is no coordination between
> userspace components.

Hrm, good point. I should not use the __lib_rseq_abi symbol at all
here.

> 
> this was the reason for my first question in my original mail,
> as soon as i saw the local counter i suspected this is broken.

Good catch, yes. I think I should not use the alias approach then.

> 
> and "assume there is an extra counter field" is not
> acceptable as user space abi, if the counter is relevant
> across modules then expose the entire struct.

The question that arises here is whether I should update
uapi/linux/rseq.h and add the refcount field directly in
there, even though the kernel does not care about it per se ?

> 
>>> either the struct should be public abi (extern tls
>>> symbol) or the register/unregister functions should
>>> be public abi (so when multiple implementations are
>>> present in the same process only one of them will
>>> provide definition for the public abi symbol and
>>> thus there will be one refcounter).
>> 
>> Those are two possible solutions, indeed. Considering that
>> we already need to expose the __rseq_abi symbol as a public
>> ABI in a way that ensures that multiple implementations
>> in a same process end up only using one of them, it seems
>> straightforward to simply extend that structure and hold the
>> refcount there, rather than having two extra ABI symbols
>> (register/unregister functions).
>> 
>> One very appropriate question here is whether we want to
>> expose the layout of struct libc_rseq (which includes the
>> refcount) in a public header file, and if so, which project
>> should hold it ? Or do we just want to document the layout
>> of this ABI so projects can define the structure layout
>> internally ? As my implementation currently stands, I have
>> the following structure duplicated into rseq selftests,
>> librseq, and glibc:
>> 
> 
> "not exposed" and "the counter is abi" together is not
> useful, either you want coordination in user-space or
> not, that decision should imply the userspace abi/api
> (e.g. adding a counter to the user-space struct).

I'm inclined to add the refcount to struct rseq directly,
unless anyone objects. It seems much simpler.

> 
> it is true that only modules that implement registration
> need to know about the counter and normal users don't,
> but if you want any coordination then the layout must
> be fixed and that should be exposed somewhere to avoid
> breakage.

Yep. Exposing this in uapi/linux/rseq.h is the main
location that seems to make sense to me.

> 
> (i think ideally the api would be controlled by functions
> and not object symbols with magic layout, but the rseq
> design is already full of such magic. and i think it's
> better to do the registration in libc only without
> coordination but that might not be practical if users
> want it now)

Yes, early adopters is my concern here.

> 
>> /*
>>  * linux/rseq.h defines struct rseq as aligned on 32 bytes. The kernel ABI
>>  * size is 20 bytes. For support of multiple rseq users within a process,
>>  * user-space defines an extra 4 bytes field as a reference count, for a
>>  * total of 24 bytes.
>>  */
>> struct libc_rseq {
>>         /* kernel-userspace ABI. */
>>         __u32 cpu_id_start;
>>         __u32 cpu_id;
>>         __u64 rseq_cs;
>>         __u32 flags;
>>         /* user-space ABI. */
>>         __u32 refcount;
>> } __attribute__((aligned(4 * sizeof(__u64))));
>> 
>> That duplicated structure only needs to be present in early-adopter
>> applications/libraries. Those linking on librseq or relying on newer
>> glibc to register rseq don't need to know about this extended layout:
>> all they need to care about is the layout of struct rseq (without the
>> added refcount).
> 
> please decide if you want multiple libraries to
> be able to register rseq and coordinate or not
> and document that decision in the public api.

Yes, I'll try this out and see how this goes.

Thanks for the feedback!

Mathieu


-- 
Mathieu Desnoyers
EfficiOS Inc.
http://www.efficios.com

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