linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 5/7] doc/vm: New documentation for memory cache

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Message-Id: <20181120135333.GB24627@rapoport-lnx>
Date:   Tue, 20 Nov 2018 14:53:34 +0100
From:   Mike Rapoport <rppt@...ux.ibm.com>
To:     Keith Busch <keith.busch@...el.com>
Cc:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-acpi@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-mm@...ck.org,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Rafael Wysocki <rafael@...nel.org>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 5/7] doc/vm: New documentation for memory cache

On Wed, Nov 14, 2018 at 03:49:18PM -0700, Keith Busch wrote:
> Platforms may provide system memory that contains side caches to help
> spped up access. These memory caches are part of a memory node and
> the cache attributes are exported by the kernel.
> 
> Add new documentation providing a brief overview of system memory side
> caches and the kernel provided attributes for application optimization.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@...el.com>
> ---
>  Documentation/vm/numacache.rst | 76 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I think it's better to have both numaperf and numacache in a single
document, as they are quite related.

>  1 file changed, 76 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/vm/numacache.rst
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/vm/numacache.rst b/Documentation/vm/numacache.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..e79c801b7e3b
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/vm/numacache.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
> +.. _numacache:
> +
> +==========
> +NUMA Cache
> +==========
> +
> +System memory may be constructed in a hierarchy of various performing
> +characteristics in order to provide large address space of slower
> +performing memory cached by a smaller size of higher performing
> +memory. The system physical addresses that software is aware of see
> +is provided by the last memory level in the hierarchy, while higher
> +performing memory transparently provides caching to slower levels.
> +
> +The term "far memory" is used to denote the last level memory in the
> +hierarchy. Each increasing cache level provides higher performing CPU
> +access, and the term "near memory" represents the highest level cache
> +provided by the system. This number is different than CPU caches where
> +the cache level (ex: L1, L2, L3) uses a CPU centric view with each level
> +being lower performing and closer to system memory. The memory cache
> +level is centric to the last level memory, so the higher numbered cache
> +level denotes memory nearer to the CPU, and further from far memory.
> +
> +The memory side caches are not directly addressable by software. When
> +software accesses a system address, the system will return it from the
> +near memory cache if it is present. If it is not present, the system
> +accesses the next level of memory until there is either a hit in that
> +cache level, or it reaches far memory.
> +
> +In order to maximize the performance out of such a setup, software may
> +wish to query the memory cache attributes. If the system provides a way
> +to query this information, for example with ACPI HMAT (Heterogeneous
> +Memory Attribute Table)[1], the kernel will append these attributes to
> +the NUMA node that provides the memory.
> +
> +When the kernel first registers a memory cache with a node, the kernel
> +will create the following directory::
> +
> +	/sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/cache/
> +
> +If that directory is not present, then either the memory does not have
> +a side cache, or that information is not provided to the kernel.
> +
> +The attributes for each level of cache is provided under its cache
> +level index::
> +
> +	/sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/cache/indexA/
> +	/sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/cache/indexB/
> +	/sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/cache/indexC/
> +
> +Each cache level's directory provides its attributes. For example,
> +the following is a single cache level and the attributes available for
> +software to query::
> +
> +	# tree sys/devices/system/node/node0/cache/
> +	/sys/devices/system/node/node0/cache/
> +	|-- index1
> +	|   |-- associativity
> +	|   |-- level
> +	|   |-- line_size
> +	|   |-- size
> +	|   `-- write_policy
> +
> +The cache "associativity" will be 0 if it is a direct-mapped cache, and
> +non-zero for any other indexed based, multi-way associativity.
> +
> +The "level" is the distance from the far memory, and matches the number
> +appended to its "index" directory.
> +
> +The "line_size" is the number of bytes accessed on a cache miss.
> +
> +The "size" is the number of bytes provided by this cache level.
> +
> +The "write_policy" will be 0 for write-back, and non-zero for
> +write-through caching.
> +
> +[1] https://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_6_2.pdf
> -- 
> 2.14.4
> 

-- 
Sincerely yours,
Mike.