linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] x86/entry/64: randomize kernel stack offset upon syscall

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Message-ID: <20190416073444.GC127769@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue, 16 Apr 2019 09:34:44 +0200
From:   Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
To:     "Reshetova, Elena" <elena.reshetova@...el.com>
Cc:     "luto@...nel.org" <luto@...nel.org>,
        "luto@...capital.net" <luto@...capital.net>,
        "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "jpoimboe@...hat.com" <jpoimboe@...hat.com>,
        "keescook@...omium.org" <keescook@...omium.org>,
        "jannh@...gle.com" <jannh@...gle.com>,
        "Perla, Enrico" <enrico.perla@...el.com>,
        "mingo@...hat.com" <mingo@...hat.com>,
        "bp@...en8.de" <bp@...en8.de>,
        "tglx@...utronix.de" <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        "peterz@...radead.org" <peterz@...radead.org>,
        "gregkh@...uxfoundation.org" <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] x86/entry/64: randomize kernel stack offset upon syscall


* Reshetova, Elena <elena.reshetova@...el.com> wrote:

> > 4)
> > 
> > But before you tweak the patch, a more fundamental question:
> > 
> > Does the stack offset have to be per *syscall execution* randomized?
> > Which threats does this protect against that a simpler per task syscall
> > random offset wouldn't protect against?
> 
> We *really* need it per syscall. If you take a look on the recent stack attacks
> [1],[2],[3],[4], they all do some initial probing on syscalls first to discover stack addresses
> or leftover data on the stack (or pre-populate stack with some attacker-controlled data), 
> and then in the following syscall execute the actual attack (leak data, use
> pre-populated data for execution, etc.). If the offset stays the same during 
> task life time, it can be easily recovered during this initial probing phase, and
> then nothing changes for the attacker. 
> 
> [1] Kernel Exploitation Via Uninitialized Stack, 2011
> https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-19/dc-19-presentations/Cook/DEFCON-19-Cook-Kernel-Exploitation.pdf
> [2] Stackjacking, 2011, https://jon.oberheide.org/files/stackjacking-infiltrate11.pdf
> [3] The Stack is Back, 2012, https://jon.oberheide.org/files/infiltrate12-thestackisback.pdf
> [4] Exploiting Recursion in the Linux Kernel, 2016,
> https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2016/06/exploiting-recursion-in-linux-kernel_20.html

Yeah, so if there's an information leak from the kernel stack, don't we 
now effectively store 5 PRNG bits there for every syscall, allowing the 
systematic probing of the generic PRNG?

The kernel can execute millions of syscalls per second, I'm pretty sure 
there's a statistical attack against:

 * This is a maximally equidistributed combined Tausworthe generator
 * based on code from GNU Scientific Library 1.5 (30 Jun 2004)
 *
 * lfsr113 version:
 *
 * x_n = (s1_n ^ s2_n ^ s3_n ^ s4_n)
 *
 * s1_{n+1} = (((s1_n & 4294967294) << 18) ^ (((s1_n <<  6) ^ s1_n) >> 13))
 * s2_{n+1} = (((s2_n & 4294967288) <<  2) ^ (((s2_n <<  2) ^ s2_n) >> 27))
 * s3_{n+1} = (((s3_n & 4294967280) <<  7) ^ (((s3_n << 13) ^ s3_n) >> 21))
 * s4_{n+1} = (((s4_n & 4294967168) << 13) ^ (((s4_n <<  3) ^ s4_n) >> 12))
 *
 * The period of this generator is about 2^113 (see erratum paper).

... which recovers the real PRNG state much faster than the ~60 seconds 
seeding interval and allows the prediction of the next stack offset?

I.e. I don't see how kernel stack PRNG randomization protects against 
information leaks from the kernel stack. By putting PRNG information into 
the kernel stack for *every* system call we add a broad attack surface: 
any obscure ioctl information leak can now be escalated into an attack 
against the net_rand_state PRNG, right?

> No the above numbers are with CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION=y for x86_64, 
> I will test with CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION turned off from now on 
> also.

Thanks!

	Ingo