Date:   Tue, 16 Apr 2019 09:47:14 +0200
From:   Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>
To:     Yang Shi <yang.shi@...ux.alibaba.com>
Cc:     mgorman@...hsingularity.net, riel@...riel.com, hannes@...xchg.org,
        akpm@...ux-foundation.org, dave.hansen@...el.com,
        keith.busch@...el.com, dan.j.williams@...el.com,
        fengguang.wu@...el.com, fan.du@...el.com, ying.huang@...el.com,
        ziy@...dia.com, linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [v2 RFC PATCH 0/9] Another Approach to Use PMEM as NUMA Node

On Mon 15-04-19 17:09:07, Yang Shi wrote:
> 
> 
> On 4/12/19 1:47 AM, Michal Hocko wrote:
> > On Thu 11-04-19 11:56:50, Yang Shi wrote:
> > [...]
> > > Design
> > > ======
> > > Basically, the approach is aimed to spread data from DRAM (closest to local
> > > CPU) down further to PMEM and disk (typically assume the lower tier storage
> > > is slower, larger and cheaper than the upper tier) by their hotness.  The
> > > patchset tries to achieve this goal by doing memory promotion/demotion via
> > > NUMA balancing and memory reclaim as what the below diagram shows:
> > > 
> > >      DRAM <--> PMEM <--> Disk
> > >        ^                   ^
> > >        |-------------------|
> > >                 swap
> > > 
> > > When DRAM has memory pressure, demote pages to PMEM via page reclaim path.
> > > Then NUMA balancing will promote pages to DRAM as long as the page is referenced
> > > again.  The memory pressure on PMEM node would push the inactive pages of PMEM
> > > to disk via swap.
> > > 
> > > The promotion/demotion happens only between "primary" nodes (the nodes have
> > > both CPU and memory) and PMEM nodes.  No promotion/demotion between PMEM nodes
> > > and promotion from DRAM to PMEM and demotion from PMEM to DRAM.
> > > 
> > > The HMAT is effectively going to enforce "cpu-less" nodes for any memory range
> > > that has differentiated performance from the conventional memory pool, or
> > > differentiated performance for a specific initiator, per Dan Williams.  So,
> > > assuming PMEM nodes are cpuless nodes sounds reasonable.
> > > 
> > > However, cpuless nodes might be not PMEM nodes.  But, actually, memory
> > > promotion/demotion doesn't care what kind of memory will be the target nodes,
> > > it could be DRAM, PMEM or something else, as long as they are the second tier
> > > memory (slower, larger and cheaper than regular DRAM), otherwise it sounds
> > > pointless to do such demotion.
> > > 
> > > Defined "N_CPU_MEM" nodemask for the nodes which have both CPU and memory in
> > > order to distinguish with cpuless nodes (memory only, i.e. PMEM nodes) and
> > > memoryless nodes (some architectures, i.e. Power, may have memoryless nodes).
> > > Typically, memory allocation would happen on such nodes by default unless
> > > cpuless nodes are specified explicitly, cpuless nodes would be just fallback
> > > nodes, so they are also as known as "primary" nodes in this patchset.  With
> > > two tier memory system (i.e. DRAM + PMEM), this sounds good enough to
> > > demonstrate the promotion/demotion approach for now, and this looks more
> > > architecture-independent.  But it may be better to construct such node mask
> > > by reading hardware information (i.e. HMAT), particularly for more complex
> > > memory hierarchy.
> > I still believe you are overcomplicating this without a strong reason.
> > Why cannot we start simple and build from there? In other words I do not
> > think we really need anything like N_CPU_MEM at all.
> 
> In this patchset N_CPU_MEM is used to tell us what nodes are cpuless nodes.
> They would be the preferred demotion target.  Of course, we could rely on
> firmware to just demote to the next best node, but it may be a "preferred"
> node, if so I don't see too much benefit achieved by demotion. Am I missing
> anything?

Why cannot we simply demote in the proximity order? Why do you make
cpuless nodes so special? If other close nodes are vacant then just use
them.
 
> > I would expect that the very first attempt wouldn't do much more than
> > migrate to-be-reclaimed pages (without an explicit binding) with a
> 
> Do you mean respect mempolicy or cpuset when doing demotion? I was wondering
> this, but I didn't do so in the current implementation since it may need
> walk the rmap to retrieve the mempolicy in the reclaim path. Is there any
> easier way to do so?

You definitely have to follow policy. You cannot demote to a node which
is outside of the cpuset/mempolicy because you are breaking contract
expected by the userspace. That implies doing a rmap walk.

> > I would also not touch the numa balancing logic at this stage and rather
> > see how the current implementation behaves.
> 
> I agree we would prefer start from something simpler and see how it works.
> 
> The "twice access" optimization is aimed to reduce the PMEM bandwidth burden
> since the bandwidth of PMEM is scarce resource. I did compare "twice access"
> to "no twice access", it does save a lot bandwidth for some once-off access
> pattern. For example, when running stress test with mmtest's
> usemem-stress-numa-compact. The kernel would promote ~600,000 pages with
> "twice access" in 4 hours, but it would promote ~80,000,000 pages without
> "twice access".

I pressume this is a result of a synthetic workload, right? Or do you
have any numbers for a real life usecase?
-- 
Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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