Date:   Mon, 20 May 2019 19:15:15 +0000
From:   Parav Pandit <parav@...lanox.com>
To:     Cornelia Huck <cohuck@...hat.com>
CC:     "kvm@...r.kernel.org" <kvm@...r.kernel.org>,
        "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "kwankhede@...dia.com" <kwankhede@...dia.com>,
        "alex.williamson@...hat.com" <alex.williamson@...hat.com>,
        "cjia@...dia.com" <cjia@...dia.com>
Subject: RE: [PATCHv3 3/3] vfio/mdev: Synchronize device create/remove with
 parent removal



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@...hat.com>
> Sent: Monday, May 20, 2019 6:29 AM
> To: Parav Pandit <parav@...lanox.com>
> Cc: kvm@...r.kernel.org; linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org;
> kwankhede@...dia.com; alex.williamson@...hat.com; cjia@...dia.com
> Subject: Re: [PATCHv3 3/3] vfio/mdev: Synchronize device create/remove
> with parent removal
> 
> On Fri, 17 May 2019 14:18:26 +0000
> Parav Pandit <parav@...lanox.com> wrote:
> 
> > > > @@ -206,14 +214,27 @@ void mdev_unregister_device(struct device
> *dev)
> > > >  	dev_info(dev, "MDEV: Unregistering\n");
> > > >
> > > >  	list_del(&parent->next);
> > > > +	mutex_unlock(&parent_list_lock);
> > > > +
> > > > +	/* Release the initial reference so that new create cannot start */
> > > > +	mdev_put_parent(parent);
> > >
> > > The comment is confusing: We do drop one reference, but this does
> > > not imply we're going to 0 (which would be the one thing that would
> > > block creating new devices).
> > >
> > Ok. How about below comment.
> > /* Balance with initial reference init */
> 
> Well, 'release the initial reference' is fine; it's just the second part that is
> confusing.
> 
> One thing that continues to irk me (and I'm sorry if I sound like a broken
> record) is that you give up the initial reference and then continue to use
> parent. For the more usual semantics of a reference count, that would be a
> bug (as the structure would be freed if the reference count dropped to zero),
> even though it is not a bug here.
> 
Well, refcount cannot drop to zero if user is using it.
But I understand that mdev_device caches it the parent in it, and hence it uses it.
However, mdev_device child devices are terminated first when parent goes away, ensuring that no more parent user is active.
So as you mentioned, its not a bug here.

> >
> > > > +
> > > > +	/*
> > > > +	 * Wait for all the create and remove references to drop.
> > > > +	 */
> > > > +	wait_for_completion(&parent->unreg_completion);
> > >
> > > It only reaches 0 after this wait.
> > >
> > Yes.
> >
> > > > +
> > > > +	/*
> > > > +	 * New references cannot be taken and all users are done
> > > > +	 * using the parent. So it is safe to unregister parent.
> > > > +	 */
> > > >  	class_compat_remove_link(mdev_bus_compat_class, dev, NULL);
> > > >
> > > >  	device_for_each_child(dev, NULL, mdev_device_remove_cb);
> > > >
> > > >  	parent_remove_sysfs_files(parent);
> > > > -
> > > > -	mutex_unlock(&parent_list_lock);
> > > > -	mdev_put_parent(parent);
> > > > +	kfree(parent);
> > > > +	put_device(dev);
> > > >  }
> > > >  EXPORT_SYMBOL(mdev_unregister_device);
> > > >
> > > > @@ -237,10 +258,11 @@ int mdev_device_create(struct kobject *kobj,
> > > >  	struct mdev_parent *parent;
> > > >  	struct mdev_type *type = to_mdev_type(kobj);
> > > >
> > > > -	parent = mdev_get_parent(type->parent);
> > > > -	if (!parent)
> > > > +	if (!mdev_try_get_parent(type->parent))
> > >
> > > If other calls are still running, the refcount won't be 0, and this
> > > will succeed, even if we really want to get rid of the device.
> > >
> > Sure, if other calls are running, refcount won't be 0. Process creating them
> will eventually complete, and refcount will drop to zero.
> > And new processes won't be able to start any more.
> > So there is no differentiation between 'already in creation stage' and
> 'about to start' processes.
> 
> Does it really make sense to allow creation to start if the parent is going
> away?
> 
Its really a small time window, on how we draw the line.
But it has important note that if user continues to keep creating, removing, parent is blocked on removal.

> >
> > > >  		return -EINVAL;
> > > >
> > > > +	parent = type->parent;
> > > > +
> > > >  	mutex_lock(&mdev_list_lock);
> > > >
> > > >  	/* Check for duplicate */
> > > > @@ -287,6 +309,7 @@ int mdev_device_create(struct kobject *kobj,
> > > >
> > > >  	mdev->active = true;
> > > >  	dev_dbg(&mdev->dev, "MDEV: created\n");
> > > > +	mdev_put_parent(parent);
> > > >
> > > >  	return 0;
> > > >
> > > > @@ -306,7 +329,6 @@ int mdev_device_remove(struct device *dev)
> > > >  	struct mdev_device *mdev, *tmp;
> > > >  	struct mdev_parent *parent;
> > > >  	struct mdev_type *type;
> > > > -	int ret;
> > > >
> > > >  	mdev = to_mdev_device(dev);
> > > >
> > > > @@ -330,15 +352,17 @@ int mdev_device_remove(struct device *dev)
> > > >  	mutex_unlock(&mdev_list_lock);
> > > >
> > > >  	type = to_mdev_type(mdev->type_kobj);
> > > > -	mdev_remove_sysfs_files(dev, type);
> > > > -	device_del(&mdev->dev);
> > > > -	parent = mdev->parent;
> > > > -	ret = parent->ops->remove(mdev);
> > > > -	if (ret)
> > > > -		dev_err(&mdev->dev, "Remove failed: err=%d\n", ret);
> > > > +	if (!mdev_try_get_parent(type->parent)) {
> > >
> > > Same here: Is there really a guarantee that the refcount is 0 when
> > > the parent is going away?
> > A WARN_ON after wait_for_completion or in freeing the parent is good to
> catch bugs.
> 
> I'd rather prefer to avoid having to add WARN_ONs :)
> 
> This looks like it is supposed to be an early exit. 
remove() is doing early exit if it doesn't get reference to its parent.
mdev_device_remove_common().

> However, if some
> other thread does any create or remove operation at the same time,
> we'll still do the remove, and we still might have have a race window
> (and this is getting really hard to follow in the code).
> 
Which part?
We have only 4 functions to follow, register_device(), unregister_device(), create() and remove().

If you meant, two removes racing with each other?
If so, that is currently guarded using not_so_well_defined active flag.
I will cleanup that later once this series is done.

> >
> > >
> > > > +		/*
> > > > +		 * Parent unregistration have started.
> > > > +		 * No need to remove here.
> > > > +		 */
> > > > +		mutex_unlock(&mdev_list_lock);
> > >
> > > Btw., you already unlocked above.
> > >
> > You are right. This unlock is wrong. I will revise the patch.
> >
> > > > +		return -ENODEV;
> > > > +	}
> > > >
> > > > -	/* Balances with device_initialize() */
> > > > -	put_device(&mdev->dev);
> > > > +	parent = mdev->parent;
> > > > +	mdev_device_remove_common(mdev);
> > > >  	mdev_put_parent(parent);
> > > >
> > > >  	return 0;
> > > > diff --git a/drivers/vfio/mdev/mdev_private.h
> > > > b/drivers/vfio/mdev/mdev_private.h
> > > > index 924ed2274941..55ebab0af7b0 100644
> > > > --- a/drivers/vfio/mdev/mdev_private.h
> > > > +++ b/drivers/vfio/mdev/mdev_private.h
> > > > @@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ void mdev_bus_unregister(void);  struct
> > > mdev_parent
> > > > {
> > > >  	struct device *dev;
> > > >  	const struct mdev_parent_ops *ops;
> > > > -	struct kref ref;
> > > > +	/* Protects unregistration to wait until create/remove
> > > > +	 * are completed.
> > > > +	 */
> > > > +	refcount_t refcount;
> > > > +	struct completion unreg_completion;
> > > >  	struct list_head next;
> > > >  	struct kset *mdev_types_kset;
> > > >  	struct list_head type_list;
> > >
> > > I think what's really needed is to split up the different needs and not
> > > overload the 'refcount' concept.
> > >
> > Refcount tells that how many active references are present for this parent
> device.
> > Those active reference could be create/remove processes and mdev core
> itself.
> >
> > So when parent unregisters, mdev module publishes that it is going away
> through this refcount.
> > Hence new users cannot start.
> 
> But it does not actually do that -- if there are other create/remove
> operations running, userspace can still trigger a new create/remove. If
> it triggers enough create/remove processes, it can keep the parent
> around (even though that really is a pathological case.)
> 
Yes. I agree that is still possible. And an extra flag can guard it.
I see it as try_get_parent() can be improved as incremental to implement and honor that flag.
Do you want to roll that flag in same patch in v4?

> >
> > > - If we need to make sure that a reference to the parent is held so
> > >   that the parent may not go away while still in use, we should
> > >   continue to use the kref (in the idiomatic way it is used before this
> > >   patch.)
> > > - We need to protect against creation of new devices if the parent is
> > >   going away. Maybe set a going_away marker in the parent structure for
> > >   that so that creation bails out immediately?
> > Such marker will help to not start new processes.
> > So an additional marker can be added to improve mdev_try_get_parent().
> > But I couldn't justify why differentiating those two users on time scale is
> desired.
> > One reason could be that user continuously tries to create mdev and
> parent never gets a chance, to unregister?
> > I guess, parent will run out mdev devices before this can happen.
> 
> They can also run remove tasks in parallel (see above).
> 
Yes, remove() is guarded using active flag.

> >
> > Additionally a stop marker is needed (counter) to tell that all users are
> done accessing it.
> > Both purposes are served using a refcount scheme.
> 
> Why not stop new create/remove tasks on remove, and do the final
> cleanup asynchronously? I think a refcount is fine to track accesses,
> but not to block new tasks.
> 
So a new flag will guard new create/remove tasks by enhancing try_get_parent().
I just didn't see it as critical fix, but it's doable. See above.

Async is certainly not a good idea.
mdev_release_parent() in current code doesn't nothing other than freeing memory and parent reference.
It take away the parent from the list early on, which is also wrong, because it was added to the list at the end.
Unregister() sequence should be mirror image.
Parent device files has to be removed before unregister_device() finishes, because they were added in register_device().
Otherwise, parent device_del() might be done, but files are still created under it.

If we want to keep the memory around of parent, until kref drops, than we need two refcounts.
One ensure that create and remove are done using it, other one that ensures that child are done using it.
I fail to justify adding complexity of two counters, because such two_counter_desire hints that somehow child devices may be still active even after remove() calls are finished.
And that should not be the case. Unless I miss such case.

> >
> > > What happens if the
> > >   creation has already started when parent removal kicks in, though?
> > That particular creation will succeed but newer cannot start, because
> mdev_put_parent() is done.
> >
> > >   Do we need some child list locking and an indication whether a child
> > >   is in progress of being registered/unregistered?
> > > - We also need to protect against removal of devices while unregister
> > >   is in progress (same mechanism as above?) The second issue you
> > >   describe above should be fixed then if the children keep a reference
> > >   of the parent.
> > Parent unregistration publishes that its going away first, so no new device
> removal from user can start.
> 
> I don't think that this actually works as intended (see above).
> 
It does work in most cases. Only if user space is creating hundreds of processes for creating mdevs, before they actually run out of creating new one.
But as we talked a flag will guard it.

So if refcount is ok, I can enhance it for flag.

> > Already on going removal by users anyway complete first.
> >
> > Once all remove() users are done, parent is getting unregistered.

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