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Message-ID: <201905231327.77CA8D0A36@keescook>
Date:   Thu, 23 May 2019 14:31:16 -0700
From:   Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To:     Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>
Cc:     enh <enh@...gle.com>, Evgenii Stepanov <eugenis@...gle.com>,
        Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@...gle.com>,
        Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@...cle.com>,
        Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org>,
        Linux Memory Management List <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        amd-gfx@...ts.freedesktop.org, dri-devel@...ts.freedesktop.org,
        linux-rdma@...r.kernel.org, linux-media@...r.kernel.org,
        kvm@...r.kernel.org,
        "open list:KERNEL SELFTEST FRAMEWORK" 
        <linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org>,
        Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@....com>,
        Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Yishai Hadas <yishaih@...lanox.com>,
        Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@....com>,
        Alexander Deucher <Alexander.Deucher@....com>,
        Christian Koenig <Christian.Koenig@....com>,
        Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@...nel.org>,
        Jens Wiklander <jens.wiklander@...aro.org>,
        Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@...hat.com>,
        Leon Romanovsky <leon@...nel.org>,
        Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@...gle.com>,
        Kostya Serebryany <kcc@...gle.com>,
        Lee Smith <Lee.Smith@....com>,
        Ramana Radhakrishnan <Ramana.Radhakrishnan@....com>,
        Jacob Bramley <Jacob.Bramley@....com>,
        Ruben Ayrapetyan <Ruben.Ayrapetyan@....com>,
        Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@....com>,
        Luc Van Oostenryck <luc.vanoostenryck@...il.com>,
        Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@....com>,
        Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@....com>,
        Szabolcs Nagy <Szabolcs.Nagy@....com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v15 00/17] arm64: untag user pointers passed to the kernel

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 06:43:46PM +0100, Catalin Marinas wrote:
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 09:38:19AM -0700, Kees Cook wrote:
> > What on this front would you be comfortable with? Given it's a new
> > feature isn't it sufficient to have a CONFIG (and/or boot option)?
> 
> I'd rather avoid re-building kernels. A boot option would do, unless we
> see value in a per-process (inherited) personality or prctl. The

I think I've convinced myself that the normal<->TBI ABI control should
be a boot parameter. More below...

> > What about testing tools that intentionally insert high bits for syscalls
> > and are _expecting_ them to fail? It seems the TBI series will break them?
> > In that case, do we need to opt into TBI as well?
> 
> If there are such tools, then we may need a per-process control. It's
> basically an ABI change.

syzkaller already attempts to randomly inject non-canonical and
0xFFFF....FFFF addresses for user pointers in syscalls in an effort to
find bugs like CVE-2017-5123 where waitid() via unchecked put_user() was
able to write directly to kernel memory[1].

It seems that using TBI by default and not allowing a switch back to
"normal" ABI without a reboot actually means that userspace cannot inject
kernel pointers into syscalls any more, since they'll get universally
stripped now. Is my understanding correct, here? i.e. exploiting
CVE-2017-5123 would be impossible under TBI?

If so, then I think we should commit to the TBI ABI and have a boot
flag to disable it, but NOT have a process flag, as that would allow
attackers to bypass the masking. The only flag should be "TBI or MTE".

If so, can I get top byte masking for other architectures too? Like,
just to strip high bits off userspace addresses? ;)

(Oh, in looking I see this is implemented with sign-extension... why
not just a mask? So it'll either be valid userspace address or forced
into the non-canonical range?)

[1] https://salls.github.io/Linux-Kernel-CVE-2017-5123/

> > Alright, the tl;dr appears to be:
> > - you want more assurances that we can find __user stripping in the
> >   kernel more easily. (But this seems like a parallel problem.)
> 
> Yes, and that we found all (most) cases now. The reason I don't see it
> as a parallel problem is that, as maintainer, I promise an ABI to user
> and I'd rather stick to it. I don't want, for example, ncurses to stop
> working because of some ioctl() rejecting tagged pointers.

But this is what I don't understand: it would need to be ncurses _using
TBI_, that would stop working (having started to work before, but then
regress due to a newly added one-off bug). Regular ncurses will be fine
because it's not using TBI. So The Golden Rule isn't violated, and by
definition, it's a specific regression caused by some bug (since TBI
would have had to have worked _before_ in the situation to be considered
a regression now). Which describes the normal path for kernel
development... add feature, find corner cases where it doesn't work,
fix them, encounter new regressions, fix those, repeat forever.

> If it's just the occasional one-off bug I'm fine to deal with it. But
> no-one convinced me yet that this is the case.

You believe there still to be some systemic cases that haven't been
found yet? And even if so -- isn't it better to work on that
incrementally?

> As for the generic driver code (filesystems or other subsystems),
> without some clear direction for developers, together with static
> checking/sparse, on how user pointers are cast to longs (one example),
> it would become my responsibility to identify and fix them up with any
> kernel release. This series is not providing such guidance, just adding
> untagged_addr() in some places that we think matter.

What about adding a nice bit of .rst documentation that describes the
situation and shows how to use untagged_addr(). This is the kind of
kernel-wide change that "everyone" needs to know about, and shouldn't
be the arch maintainer's sole responsibility to fix.

> > - we might need to opt in to TBI with a prctl()
> 
> Yes, although still up for discussion.

I think I've talked myself out of it. I say boot param only! :)


So what do you say to these next steps:

- change untagged_addr() to use a static branch that is controlled with
  a boot parameter.
- add, say, Documentation/core-api/user-addresses.rst to describe
  proper care and handling of user space pointers with untagged_addr(),
  with examples based on all the cases seen so far in this series.
- continue work to improve static analysis.

Thanks for wading through this with me! :)

-- 
Kees Cook

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