Date:   Tue, 27 Aug 2019 10:37:48 -0500
From:   Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>
To:     Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@...hat.com>
Cc:     Petr Mladek <pmladek@...e.com>, jikos@...nel.org,
        Miroslav Benes <mbenes@...e.cz>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        live-patching@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 2/2] livepatch: Clear relocation targets on a module
 removal

On Tue, Aug 27, 2019 at 11:05:51AM -0400, Joe Lawrence wrote:
> > Sure, it introduces risk.  But we have to compare that risk (which only
> > affects rare edge cases) with the ones introduced by the late module
> > patching code.  I get the feeling that "late module patching" introduces
> > risk to a broader range of use cases than "occasional loading of unused
> > modules".
> > 
> > The latter risk could be minimized by introducing a disabled state for
> > modules - load it in memory, but don't expose it to users until
> > explicitly loaded.  Just a brainstormed idea; not sure whether it would
> > work in practice.
> > 
> 
> Interesting idea.  We would need to ensure consistency between the
> loaded-but-not-enabled module and the version on disk.  Does module init run
> when it's enabled?  Etc.

I don't think there can be a mismatch unless somebody is mucking with
the .ko files directly -- and anyway that would already be a problem
today, because the patch module already assumes that the runtime version
of the module matches what the patch module was built against.

> <blue sky ideas>
> 
> What about folding this the other way?  ie, if a livepatch targets unloaded
> module foo, loaded module bar, and vmlinux ... it effectively patches bar
> and vmlinux, but the foo changes are dropped. Responsibility is placed on
> the admin to install an updated foo before loading it (in which case,
> livepatching core will again ignore foo.)
> 
> Building on this idea, perhaps loading that livepatch would also blacklist
> specific, known vulnerable (unloaded) module versions.  If the admin tries
> to load one, a debug msg is generated explaining why it can't be loaded by
> default.
> 
> </blue sky ideas>

I like this.

One potential tweak: the updated modules could be delivered with the
patch module, and either replaced on disk or otherwise hooked into
modprobe.

> > > > >    + It might open more security holes that are not fixed by
> > > > >      the livepatch.
> > > > 
> > > > Following the same line of thinking, the livepatch infrastructure might
> > > > open security holes because of the inherent complexity of late module
> > > > patching.
> > > 
> > > Could you be more specific, please?
> > > Has there been any known security hole in the late module
> > > livepatching code?
> > 
> > Just off the top of my head, I can think of two recent bugs which can be
> > blamed on late module patching:
> > 
> > 1) There was a RHEL-only bug which caused arch_klp_init_object_loaded()
> >     to not be loaded.  This resulted in a panic when certain patched code
> >     was executed.
> > 
> > 2) arch_klp_init_object_loaded() currently doesn't have any jump label
> >     specific code.  This has recently caused panics for patched code
> >     which relies on static keys.  The workaround is to not use jump
> >     labels in patched code.  The real fix is to add support for them in
> >     arch_klp_init_object_loaded().
> > 
> > I can easily foresee more problems like those in the future.  Going
> > forward we have to always keep track of which special sections are
> > needed for which architectures.  Those special sections can change over
> > time, or can simply be overlooked for a given architecture.  It's
> > fragile.
> 
> FWIW, the static keys case is more involved than simple deferred relocations
> -- those keys are added to lists and then the static key code futzes with
> them when it needs to update code sites.  That means the code managing the
> data structures, kernel/jump_label.c, will need to understand livepatch's
> strangely loaded-but-not-initialized variants.
> 
> I don't think the other special sections will require such invasive changes,
> but it's something to keep in mind with respect to late module patching.

Maybe it could be implemented in a way that such differences are
transparent (insert lots of hand-waving).

So as far as I can tell, we currently have three feasible options:

1) drop unloaded module changes (and blacklist the old .ko and/or replace it)
2) use per-object patches (with no exported function changes)
3) half-load unloaded modules so we can patch them

I think I like #1, if we could figure out a simple way to do it.

-- 
Josh

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